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Caloric Restriction Diet (CR diet) or Mediterranean Diet (MD) - Which is the Best Choice for Former Athletes?

100%

Czerwińska M., Hołowko J., Maciejewska D., Wysokiński P., Ficek K., Wilk P., Stachowska E.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

2016

vol. 13

issue 1

23-35

Overweight or obesity which often develop in athletes who end their careers is one of the most important issues of the world of sport. During aging, an increase in the amount of intra-abdominal fat is observed; this fat increases the risk of such metabolic disease as diabetes or hypertension. The participants of the study were 94 males. The people were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups: group 1 – people using the diet based on calorie restriction CRON (n = 32), and group 2 – those who followed the recommendations of the Mediterranean diet (n = 34). The patients who at the check-up declared not following any diet were assigned to the control group (n = 28). A change in parameters was observed in each of the sub-groups after the intervention. The most significant changes were observed in the sub-group which lost >2.6 kg. Both the diet based on mild calorie restriction and the Mediterranean diet had positive effect on the change of the former athlete’s body parameters after the 6-week long dietary intervention. Both diets which were being tested changed the body composition of the athletes who ended their careers in a similar way.

Conjugated linoleic acids regulate triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations in macrophages/foam cells by the modulation of CD36 expression

84%

Stachowska E., Baskiewicz M., Marchlewicz M., Czupryńska K., Kaczmarczyk M., Wiszniewska B., Machaliński B., Chlubek D.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

2010

vol. 57

issue 3

379-384

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease characterised by the accumulation of lipids and their metabolites in the artery wall. During inflammation circulating LDL are taken up by macrophages through two major scavenger receptors: CD36 and scavenger receptor A (SRA). Fatty acids that are common in food, e.g. linoleic acid and n-3 unsaturated fatty acids can modulate expression of CD36 on the macrophage surface. Conjugated linoleic acid isomers (CLA) that originate from the human diet, have demonstrated antiatherogenic properties in several experiments. Animal study evidenced that CLA could induce resolution of plaque by activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes. Less unequivocal results were obtained in human studies (on the CLA effects on the inflammatory process). Therefore in this study we investigated the influence of CLA on CD36 expression and lipid accumulation in human macrophages. Macrophages were incubated with 30 µM cis-9,trans-11 CLA, trans-10,cis-12 CLA or linoleic acid for 48 h. After that, expression of CD36 as well as accumulation of lipids were measured by flow cytometry, microscopy and a spectroscopic method. We demonstrate that both cis-9,trans-11 C 18:2 CLA and linoleic acid slightly elevated expression of CD36, whereas second isomer - trans-10,cis-12 CLA - did not. Nevertheless, only trans-10,cis-12 CLA triggered delipidation of macrophages, that is decreased triacylglycerols concentration. Also in human adipocytes, trans-10,cis-12 CLA causes cell delipidation by reduction of PPAR receptor expression. We propose a similar mechanism for human macrophages/foam cells.

Rekomendacje w zakresie stosowania prehabilitacji, czyli kompleksowego przygotowania pacjenta do zabiegu operacyjnego

37%

Banasiewicz T., Kobiela J., Cwaliński J., Spychalski P., Przybylska P., Kornacka K., Bogdanowska-Charkiewicz D., Leyk-Kolańczak M., Borejsza-Wysocki M., Batycka-Stachnik D., Drwiła R., Barańska B., Bartkowiak T., Brzegowy M., Czyżewski P., Dynarska J., Dziki A., Dziki Ł., Jankowski M., Kaczmarczyk P., Kapała A., Karaś K., Kielan W., Kłęk S., Kotoro B. B., Kotwicki T., Krokowicz Ł., Kuczyńska B., Kunecki M., Kusza K., Łasińska-Kowara M., Machała W., Major P., Mańkowska-Wierzbicka D., Matras P., Matysiak K., Mogiłko N., Nowak W., Opaliński S., Pędziwiatr M., Richter P., Sieńko J., Sobocki J., Stojcev Z., Stachowska E., Stepanow B., Szczepkowski M., Tarnowski W., Zarzeczny P., Zawadzki M., Zembala M., Zegarski W., Zieniewicz K., Zmarzły A., Żaczek Z., Wallner G.

Polish Journal of Surgery

2023

vol. 95

issue 4

61-91

Prehabilitacja to kompleksowe przygotowanie pacjenta do leczenia, przede wszystkim zabiegowego. Jej celem jest poprawa stanu ogólnego pacjenta, tak aby zmniejszyć ryzyko powikłań i umożliwić jak najszybszy powrót do najlepszego, osiągalnego stanu zdrowia. Do podstawowych elementów prehabilitacji należą: poprawa stanu odżywienia, odpowiednie ćwiczenia mające na celu poprawę wydolności, wsparcie psychologiczne i pomoc w eliminacji nałogów. Kolejne ważne punkty prehabilitacji to: podniesienie poziomu hemoglobiny u chorych z anemią, uzyskanie wyrównania poziomu glikemii u chorych z cukrzycą, leczenie lub stabilizacja chorób współwystępujących czy postępowanie specjalistyczne, związane z konkretnym zabiegiem (endprotezy, zabiegi z wyłonieniem stomii). Niniejsza publikacja stanowi uporządkowanie wskazań do prehabilitacji, jej zakresu, ram czasowych i szczegółów prowadzenia. Eksperci różnych specjalności związanych z prehabilitacją są zgodni, że powinna ona stanowić element przygotowania do zabiegu zawsze wtedy, gdy jest to możliwe, zwłaszcza u chorych obciążonych i kwalifikowanych do dużych zabiegów. Prehabilitacja powinna być prowadzona w zespołach interdyscyplinarnych, z udziałem lekarzy POZ i odpowiednich specjalistów w zakresie leczenia chorób współwystępujących. Prehabilitacja wymaga pilnych rozwiązań systemowych oraz refundacyjnych.

Recommendations on the use of prehabilitation, i.e. comprehensive preparation of the patient for surgery

37%

Polish Journal of Surgery

2023

vol. 95

issue 4

61-91

Prehabilitation is a comprehensive preparation of a patient for primarily surgical treatments. Its aim is to improve the patient's general condition so as to reduce the risk of complications and ensure the fastest possible recovery to full health. The basic components of prehabilitation include: improvement of nutritional status, appropriate exercises to improve functioning, psychological support, and help in eliminating addictions. Other important aspects of prehabilitation are: increasing hemoglobin levels in patients with anemia, achieving good glycemic control in patients with diabetes, treatment or stabilization of any concurrent disorders, or specialist treatment associated with a specific procedure (endoprostheses, ostomy procedure). This article organizes and outlines the indications for prehabilitation, its scope, duration, and the method to conduct it. Experts of various specialties related to prehabilitation agree that it should be an element of surgery preparation whenever possible, especially in patients with co-existing medical conditions who have been qualified for major procedures. Prehabilitation should be carried out by interdisciplinary teams, including family physicians and various specialists in the treatment of comorbidities. Prehabilitation requires urgent systemic and reimbursement solutions.

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Caloric Restriction Diet (CR diet) or Mediterranean Diet (MD) - Which is the Best Choice for Former Athletes?

Conjugated linoleic acids regulate triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations in macrophages/foam cells by the modulation of CD36 expression

Rekomendacje w zakresie stosowania prehabilitacji, czyli kompleksowego przygotowania pacjenta do zabiegu operacyjnego

Recommendations on the use of prehabilitation, i.e. comprehensive preparation of the patient for surgery