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Immunotoxins, an Advance tool for Cancer Treatment: Review and update

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Munir I., Naseer R. D., Saleem M., Mahmood A., Sultana A.

Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research

2018

vol. 75

issue 6

1267-1277

Conventional therapeutic approaches like chemotherapy, surgery and radiation for cancer and other malignancies have limited success rate. Several factors such as drug resistance, non-penetrability into solid tumors and unwanted toxicity due to non-specific action contribute to treatment failure. To overcome these issues, immunotoxins were developed having a target specific action. Immunotoxins are chimeric cytotoxic proteins which are formed by linking a toxin moiety to intact antibody or its fragment. Bacterial and plant based toxins are used in immunotoxins construction but they have many drawbacks in terms of immunogenicity and non-specific toxicity. Recently, a novel class of immunotoxins of human origin has been introduced. Immunotoxins fight back cancers by targeting the neoplastic cells and cause cells death by inhibiting protein synthesis. They have been categorized into two main classes, chemically conjugated immunotoxins and recombinant immunotoxins. This review summarizes recent advances in immunotoxins development and present a comprehensive illustration of sources and generations of immunotoxins. Moreover, it also highlights future directions to be explored. This review also focuses the limitations in immunotoxins development and its use.

VALIDATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE USE OF POLYGONUM PERFOLIATUM EXTRACT AGAINST PARACETAMOL INDUCED TOXICITY IN WISTAR RATS

73%

Saleem M., Mushtaq M. F., Akhtar M. F., Saleem A., Zahid S., Sharif A., Akhtar B., Dar E., Ullah M., Badshah M.

Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research

2019

vol. 76

issue 2

283-289

The liver as a vital body organ is adversely affected by hazardous chemicals and drugs. Paracetamol widely used as analgesic and antipyretic drug produces severe hepatotoxicity at high doses. Present study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of Polygonum perfoliatum L. used on folklore basis. Aqueous methanolic extract of the plant was prepared. Preliminary phytochemical and HPLC analyses were carried out to identify and quantify chemical constituents respectively. For hepatoprotective activity, Wistar rats were divided into six groups as normal control, standard (silymarin) control, negative control and extract treated groups i.e., 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day per oral. Paracetamol was administered orally, following seven days of previously stated therapy. Biochemical parameters of hepatotoxicity such as serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin were measured in all groups. Histopathological evaluation of liver was also carried out. Benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, m-coumaric acid, quercetin and vitamin E were detected in the plant extract through HPLC. The hepatoprotective effect of 500 mg/kg/day therapy was more pronounced than 125 and 250 mg/kg dose. However, the effect of plant extract was less pronounced than standard silymarin therapy. It can be concluded that the plant extract possessed significant hepatoprotective activity that may be attributed to quercetin, benzoic acid, gallic acid and vitamin E present in it.

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2 Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research

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2 Saleem M.

1 Akhtar B.

1 Akhtar M. F.

1 Badshah M.

1 Dar E.

1 Mahmood A.

1 Munir I.

1 Mushtaq M. F.

1 Naseer R. D.

1 Saleem A.

1 Sharif A.

1 Sultana A.

1 Ullah M.

1 Zahid S.

Search results

Immunotoxins, an Advance tool for Cancer Treatment: Review and update

VALIDATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE USE OF POLYGONUM PERFOLIATUM EXTRACT AGAINST PARACETAMOL INDUCED TOXICITY IN WISTAR RATS