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Zawartość kadmu i ołowiu w mleku spożywczym z wybranych regionów Polski

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Pietrzak-Fiećko R., Bakuła S., Jakubowska D., Smoczyński S. S.
Medycyna Środowiskowa - Environmental Medicine
|
2013
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vol. 16
|
issue 3
15-19
EN
Background. Cadmium and lead are classified as toxic metals. Toxicity is attributed to the adverse effect on the human body, and therefore the content of these elements is analyzed in the environment and in food products. Studies conducted by many researchers indicate that more of cadmium and lead accumulate in products of plant origin, however, food products of animal origin are also not free from these compounds. The aim of this study was to determine the content of cadmium and lead in drinking milk originating from four selected milk producers from two different regions. Methods. A total of 28 milk samples were tested. The tested material was mineralized dry. To determine the content of the analyzed elements the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry method was used. There were no significant differences in the content of heavy metals in the analyzed samples of milk. Results. None of the samples revealed the exceedance of the highest permissible level of these elements. Conclusions. Cadmium and lead content in tested drinking milk does not pose a threat to human health.
PL
Wstęp. Kadm i ołów zaliczane są do matali toksycznych. Przypisuje się im niekorzystny wpływ na organizm człowieka, dlatego zawartość tych pierwiastków monitorowana jest zarówno w środowisku jak i w żywności. Prowadzone przez wielu naukowców badania wskazują, że więcej kadmu i ołowiu kumuluje się w produktach pochodzenia roślinnego, ale żywność pochodzenia zwierzęcego również nie jest wolna od obecności tych związków. Celem pracy było oznaczenie zawartości kadmu i ołowiu w mleku konsumpcyjnym pochodzącym od czterech wybranych producentów z dwóch różnych województw. Metody. Łącznie przebadano 28 próbek mleka. Materiał badany poddano mineralizacji na sucho. Do oznaczenia zawartości badanych pierwiastków zastosowano metodę płomieniowej spektrometrii absorpcji atomowej. Nie wykazano istotnych różnic w zawartości oznaczanych metali ciężkich między analizowanymi próbkami mleka. Wyniki. W żadnej próbce nie stwierdzono przekroczenia najwyższych dopuszczalnych zawartości oznaczanych pierwiastków. Wnioski. Pobranie kadmu i ołowiu wraz z badanym mlekiem konsumpcyjnym nie stwarza zagrożenia dla zdrowia człowieka.
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Variation of the cholesterol content in breast milk during 10 days collection at early stages of lactation

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Kamelska A. M., Pietrzak-Fiećko R., Bryl K.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
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2012
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vol. 59
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issue 2
243-248
EN
More and more research is done concerning nutritional programming. Human milk nutrients which are consumed by infants can influence their health in later life. High level of cholesterol in human milk paradoxically lowers the cholesterol concentration in blood in adults. During the course of human lactation the cholesterol concentration decreases from 31 mg/100cm3 (colostrum) to 16 mg/100 cm3 (mature milk). According to Scopesi et al., 2002, Clin Nutr 21: 379-384, cholesterol concentration in mature milk ranged from 6.5 to 18.4 mg/100 cm3. The aim of the study was to assess the variations in breast milk cholesterol content during 10 day collection at early lactation. 48 samples of human milk were analyzed. Mean age of women was 31 years. Women were collecting samples during 10 days of an early lactation stage (1-3 months after delivery). An Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR-ATR) method for easy and rapid determination of cholesterol in human milk was elaborated. Cholesterol content assessed by the FTIR method ranged from 3.36 to 12.98 mg/100 cm3. Results indicate that milk cholesterol concentration during 10 consecutive days of early lactation is highly variable. Cholesterol content depends on an individual. Therefore it is suggested that not only the period of lactation but also mother's diet, age, season and place of residence are important factors determining cholesterol content.
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