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EN
The extended latissimus dorsi flap (LD) is used in breast reconstruction since the 70's. LD flap is often used in corrective surgery in cases of unsatisfactory cosmetic results after breast-conserving therapy. In our department LD flap has several uses. In addition to free microvascular flaps - which applies in breast reconstructive surgery is routine, there are clinical situations where the use of pedicled LD flap is justified. The main indications for its use are: the inability to apply microvascular flap, the general condition (diabetes, advanced atherosclerosis), smoking, previous surgery of abdominal wall, abdominal obesity, patient preferences. Approximately 30% of patients after breast reconstruction require corrective procedures. Group which uses extended LD flap account for 24 patients. In 16 cases it was used for elective breast reconstruction. In the remaining eight cases it was used in the corrective procedures symmetry and shape of the previously reconstructed breast. Based on our own experience it can be concluded that the LD flap with an alternative to microvascular techniques. Complication rate when using the LD flap is relatively low and includes: seroma and slight motor disability of the shoulder girdle.
EN
Introduction: The aim of the study was to prove that a combination of visual surgical planning (VSP) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an optimal technique in fibular free flap reconstructions after complex tumor resections in the head and neck region and that it leads to better functional and aesthetic outcomes. Material and method: Six patients (3 females, 3 males) with head and neck tumors were included in the study. The region concerned midface in 2 cases and mandible in 4 patients. On the basis of computed tomography of the head, fibular free flap (FFF) reconstruction was planned with the VSP technique. The 3D-printed models were prepared. At the beginning of the operation and a few minutes after the reconstruction, an xCAT CBCT by XORAN was performed. Minor corrections of the angles of the reconstructed bony parts were made where needed. The time of the operation was assessed for each case. Functional and cosmetic results were evaluated in a 1-year follow-up. Results: The mean time of operation was 6 hours and 48 minutes, which was approximately 1hour and 40 minutes less than standard reconstructive surgery. Functional recovery was achieved in all patients. Aesthetic result was unsatisfactory for 2 patients due to insufficient soft tissue masses of FFF. Conclusions: The authors claim that intraoperative CBCT imaging, regardless of the cost, improves the accuracy of aesthetic outcome of reconstructive surgeries based on VSP, especially in the region of the midface and the mandible. Further studies on a higher number of subjects are required.
PL
Wprowadzenie: Celem badania było wykazanie, że połączenie wirtualnego planowania zabiegu chirurgicznego (VSP) i tomografii komputerowej wiązki stożkowej (CBCT) stanowi optymalną, umożliwiającą uzyskiwanie lepszych wyników czynnościowych i estetycznych, technikę rekonstrukcji wykonywanych z wykorzystaniem wolnego płata strzałkowego po złożonych resekcjach guzów w rejonie głowy i szyi. Materiał i metody: Do badania włączono 6 pacjentów (3 kobiety i 3 mężczyzn) z nowotworami głowy i szyi. Zmienionymi chorobowo obszarami były: środkowa część twarzy (2 przypadki) i żuchwa (4 przypadki). W oparciu o obrazy uzyskane w tomografii komputerowej głowy, techniką VSP opracowano plany rekonstrukcji z wykorzystaniem wolnego płata strzałkowego (FFF). Przy użyciu drukarki 3D sporządzono odpowiednie modele. Przy rozpoczęciu operacji i kilka minut po zakończeniu rekonstrukcji wykonywano skan CBCT, używając tomografu xCAT XORAN. W sytuacjach, gdy było to wymagane, wprowadzano drobne poprawki w zakresie kątów rekonstruowanych części kostnych. W każdym przypadku mierzono czas trwania operacji. Wyniki czynnościowe i kosmetyczne oceniano w badaniu kontrolnym po upływie 1 roku. Wyniki: Średni czas operacji wynosił 6 godzin 48 minut, tj. około 1 godzinę 40 minut krócej niż w przypadku standardowej operacji rekonstrukcyjnej. U wszystkich pacjentów uzyskano powrót do pełnej sprawności czynnościowej. U dwóch stwierdzono niezadowalający wynik estetyczny, będący wynikiem niewystarczającej ilości tkanki miękkiej w FFF. Wnioski: Według autorów, śródoperacyjne obrazowanie CBCT, niezależnie od kosztów, poprawia dokładność estetycznych rezultatów zabiegów rekonstrukcyjnych prowadzonych w oparciu o VSP, szczególnie w obszarach środkowej części twarzy i żuchwy. Wymagane jest przeprowadzenie dalszych badań na większej liczbie pacjentów.
EN
Malignant tumors of head and neck regions usually need wide radical resections and may cause significant functional and aesthetic deficits. When a surgeon has to deal with extensive 3-D defect in lower or middle face region, double or multiple free flaps can be used.The aim of the study was to present own methods modifications and results of double free flaps techniques in patients with extensive defects of head and neck region. The authors present quality of life evaluation related to different flaps reconstructions.Material and methods. Clinical material consists of 33 patients with locally advanced cancer of lower or middle face region, who underwent surgical treatment in Departmant of Surgical and Reconstructive Surgery, Cancer Center Maria Skłodowska-Curie Instytute, Gliwice, Poland. In all patients double free flaps were chosen.Results. Whole group good functional and aesthetic results have been achieved. The QOL analysis show that the use of double flap in middle of lower face reconstruction gives generally very good results.Conclusions. The use of double free flaps after extensive resections of head and neck tumors is an efficient solution. The above-mentioned technique enables to reconstruct several different anatomical structures, restore optimal functioning, and assure a satisfactory psychosocial effect.
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