The synthesis of the aromatic amino acid L-phenylalanine has received considerable attention in recent years due to its increasing importance as precursor to the dipeptide sweetener aspartame. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), which occurs in yeast, catalyzes the nonoxidative deamination of L-Phe to trans-cinnamic acid (tCA), has industrial application in the synthesis of L-Phe. Superior producers of PAL are Rhodotorula sp. PAL is induced in yeast cell by the presence of L-Phe, while glucose represses PAL synthesis. Different additives and conditions during inducing PAL: permeabilizing, reducing and stabilization agents, as well as pH and temperature during bioconversion targeting to higher productivity of L-Phe were discussed.
The killer phenotype of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains is based upon the presence of viruses in the cytoplasm of the yeast cells. Resent analysis of the molecular basis in these phenomenon let researchers to reveal its molecular mechanism and ecological function. Mammalian transmissible spongiform encephalopathiesare is likely due to the propagation of an abnormal form of some protein. Such infectious agents, which are termed prions, exist in yeasts. This review highlights the variety of infectious elements present in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as their influence on the yeasts properties.
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