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Thoracic duct injuries are a rare complication of thyroid surgery. This report documents two cases of thoracic duct injury complicated by formation of chyloma following thyroid surgery. The injury was identified post-operatively and treated successfully. We review the diagnostic and therapeutic options and discuss their applicability to our patients.
EN
The idea of surgical treatment of type 2 diabetes was established in the U.S. and was based on observation of patients after bariatric operations. Performed in cases of morbid obesity exclusion of the duodenum and anastomose the stomach with the central part of the intestines cause shortened absorbtion of nutrients, what showed a beneficial effect on weight loss, resolution of comorbidities and reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Analysis of the results of surgical treatment of obese patients with type 2 diabetes confirmed the usefulness of surgical methods.The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of Roux-en-Y gastric by-pass (RYGB) on diabetes in patients with BMI below and above 35 kg/m2.Material and methods. The study comprised 66 patients with DM2, who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass due to morbid obesity (BMI above 35 kg/m2) and three patients with DM2 and BMI below 35 kg/m2. In patients with DM2 and BMI < 35 kg/m2 criteria for inclusion in the operational treatment were: DM2 difficult to be regulated pharmacologically lasting less than 10 years and BMI at the qualification about 35 kg/m2. Indications have been determined on the basis of three consecutive measurements of HbA1c values above 7%, and measurements of blood glucose (frequent fluctuations in blood glucose levels on the value of hypoglycemia to hyperglycemia).Results. The criteria for diagnosing resolution of DM2 included the level of HbA1c < 6% and glucose fasting level below 100 mg/ dl. In a group of 66 patients with DM2 and obesity, regression of DM2 was observed in 48 patients (73%) as early as during the hospitalization. In 11 patients (16.7%) glycaemia and HBA1c were stabilized within 8 weeks after surgery. In 7 (10.6%) cases of patients with difficult to control DM2, there was still need for antidiabetic medication, but glycemic control was much more effective. After one year remission was observed in 89% of patients. In all three patients with DM2 and BMI < 35 kg/m2 total glycemic resolution of DM2 was observed during hospitalization. In this group there has been no postoperative complications. In the group of 66 obese patients with DM2 postoperative complications were found in 7 cases, they were related to infection and prolonged healing of surgical wound. One patient had an intraabdominal abscess located in the left subphrenic region, it was punctured under ultrasound guidance.Conclusions. The ultimate evaluation of this method demands several years of meticulous clinical studies. Despite of that, considering high cost of life-long conservative therapy of DM2 and its complications, severe impact on quality of life and serious consequences of the disease, the surgical metabolic intervention may become the most resonable solution in many cases.
EN
Serum cystatin C concentration, generally accepted as renal function marker, is associated with cardiovascular risk and metabolic syndrome. Recent studies indicate that cystatin C increases in human obesity and that adipose tissue contributes to enhanced serum cystatin C concentration in obese subjects.The aim of the study was to assess whether a reduction in body and fat mass after bariatric surgery has any impact on serum cystatin C concentrations.Material and methods. Serum from 27 obese patients were tested before and 6 months after bariatric surgery. Twenty healthy subjects with normal body weight served as controls. Serum cystatin C concentrations were assayed by ELISA.Results. Serum cystatin C concentrations were significantly higher in obese patients compared with non-obese subjects. Decrease of body and fat mass after bariatric surgery resulted in improvement of several parameters associated with cardiovascular risk and metabolic syndrome, like serum lipids, blood pressure and insulin sensitivity. Surprisingly the mean postoperative serum cystatin C concentration was not significantly different from that before surgery. Serum creatinine and GFR also remained unchanged.Conclusion. The results presented here suggest that serum cystatin C concentration is not tightly associated with body and fat mass loss in obese patients after bariatric surgery.
EN
Hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy is the most common postoperative complication with reported incidence from 0.5% to even half of the operated patients. Hypoparathyroidism could be a result of careless or inadequate preparation during the surgical procedure. There is a variety of proposed options for prediction of the incidence of hypocalcemia. The most effective of them are the perioperative and intraoperative measurements of PTH level.The aim of the study was to assess the potential correlation between the iPTH levels after the operation and development of hypocalcaemia. The possible prediction value of postoperative iPTH levels was to be evaluated assessed.Material and methods. A prospective study was performed on 100 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy from January 2007 to June 2009. The total calcium level and intact human PTH (iPTH) levels were measured 24 hours before, 1 and 24 hours after the surgery.Results. We have presented a significant correlation between early iPTH measurement and risk of hypocalcaemia. Moreover a significant correlation between the iPTH level 1 hour after operation with the calcium level 24 hours after the operation was demonstrated.Conclusions. Early postoperative assessment of iPTH levels can be used to identify the group of patients at risk of hypocalcaemia after thyroidectomy. Pre-emptive calcium supplementation can lead to avoidance of complications causing prolonged hospital stay and most importantly to prevent severe hypocalcemia.
EN
Chronic pain syndrome (CPS), accompanying pancreatic diseases, especially chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer requires the strongest analgesic agents and is considered difficult to manage. Conservative methods are unsatisfactory and their side effects lead to serious somatic and mental comorbidities.The aim of the study was to perform an initial evaluation of videothoracoscopic bilateral splanchnicectomy using the posterior approach, as the method of treatment in cases of advanced pancreatic cancer.Material and methods. During the period between May and July 2005 there were 10 simultaneous bilateral videothoracoscopic splanchnicectomies (BVSPL) performed in patients with chronic pain syndrome, due to advanced pancreatic cancer, at the Department of General, Endocrinological and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk.Results. All patients were discharged from the hospital on the second postoperative day. Subjective pain measured by the VAS scale changed from 84.3±7.6% before the operation to 25.3±5.3% during the first and second postoperative days. The median follow-up of patients was approximately 4 months (ranging between 2 and 6 months). The intensity of pain 2, 6, and 12 weeks after the procedure was 28.7±4.7%, 30.3±5.4% and 36.2±4.7%, respectively.Conclusions. This is the first description of this safe and feasible method in the Polish surgical literature. The surgical procedure can be safely performed in most surgical departments equipped with videoscopic instruments. Moreover, the short learning curve enables surgeons to perform this procedure well after a short training period. In combination with good results concerning subjective pain reduction, it can be concluded that BVSPL should be incorporated into the spectrum of surgical procedures in most surgical departments in Poland.
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