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Unlocking the Secrets: Predictive Risk Factors for Long-term Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients

100%
Yaseen E. T.
Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny
|
2024
|
vol. 13
|
issue 3
7-13
EN
Introduction: COVID-19 is a multisystem disease that can severely impact overall health. It causes non-lethal complications that may significantly affect the quality of life, such as smell dysfunction, which has been identified as an essential and early indicator of infection. A substantial proportion suffer from prolonged or even permanent loss of smell. Aim: The study aims to identify key clinical and demographic risk factors that significantly predict the prognosis of such an olfactory loss in patients with COVID-19. Materials and method: A prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study. Qualified patients were aged ≥ 18 years with a past COVID-19 infection confirmed by PCR. They all underwent thorough clinical assessments and nasoendoscopy to exclude other nasal pathologies. The Alcohol Threshold Test (ATT) was used to assess olfactory function and only patients with severe hyposmia and anosmia were included in the study. The Arabic version of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) was used to assess the emotional impact on the patient. Results: The study included 100 patients suffering from severe smell loss. Sixty-two patients (62%) were ≥39 years and 38 (38%) were ≤ 40 years old. The mean age of the patients was 37.5 ±10.8 years. There were 62 females (62%). The mean duration of olfactory loss was 4.4 ±2.8 months. Sudden onset was reported in 98 patients. Only 2 patients (2%) had rhinorrhea. Eighty-one patients (81%) suffered from mild symptoms of COVID infection. There were 21 smokers (21%). Eighteen patients (18%) had comorbidities. Twenty-seven patients (27%) belonged to the low socioeconomic status. Severe hyposmia (TS of ATT = 4–5) was reported in 96 patients (96%) and anosmia (TS of ATT = 6) in 4 patients (4%). Kessler’s test indicated that 63 patients (63%) experienced moderate to severe distress. Conclusions: The following risk factors showed significant differences in the prognosis of olfactory loss: older age, long duration of loss, smoking, presence of comorbidities, low socioeconomic status, and increased severity of COVID-19. These factors may be important predictors of the persistence of olfactory loss. Factors like sex, onset type, nasal symptoms, severity of olfactory loss, and Kessler’s test score did not show significant differences.
2
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Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Nasal Septum: A Rare Tumor in an Uncommon Site – A Case Report

63%
Yaseen E. T., Ahmed B. S.
Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny
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2024
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vol. 13
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issue 4
43-46
EN
Introduction: Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a malignant tumor, representing not more than 1% of all head and neck cancers. This is an epithelial neoplasm usually arising from salivary glands. On rare occasions, it may be reported to arise from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. Case report: This is a case report of a 79-year-old female presenting with progressive bilateral nasal obstruction, complete obstruction of the Rt nasal airway, and partial obstruction of the left nasal airway over the past six months, with no pain or epistaxis. A biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma. Endoscopic resection assisted by Coblator II was performed. Conclusions: Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the nasal septum is rare but requires careful diagnosis and a tailored treatment approach. Long-term follow-up is essential due to the risk of recurrence and metastasis. Early detection and comprehensive management are key to improving outcomes for patients with this unusual presentation.
3
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Wernicke's Encephalopathy as Unexpected Cause of Vertigo for Otolaryngologist- A Case Report

51%
Yaseen E. T., Mohammed N. T., Jasim S. H.
Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny
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2024
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vol. 14
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issue 1
1-5
PL
Background: The causes of vertigo are diverse, and the possible differential diagnosis is extensive. Thiamine deficiency after sleeve gastrectomy is one of the rare causes for vertigo, a condition called Wernicke’s encephalopathy. Case report: This is a case report of a 20-year-old female complaining of continuous vertigo for 2 months duration. She complained about ocular, lower limbs and Gastero-intestinal clinical features after undergoing sleeve gastrectomy. She was conscious but confused. Eye movement examination revealed horizontal and vertical nystagmus. She displayed signs of ataxia. VNG revealed Up-beating nystagmus in primary gaze, leftward gaze, and upward gaze when vision is accessible, and in upward gaze when vision is denied suggesting a central etiology. Lab. tests confirmed a low serum thiamine and Vit D levels. Low thiamine raises the suspicion of Wernicke’s encephalopathy. Within 72 hours of treatment, here vertigo and ataxia began to improve, and the nystagmus reduced significantly. Over the next few days, here balance and coordination greatly improved, and here mental state improved. Conclusion: This case underscores the significancy of considering Wernicke's encephalopathy in the differential diagnosis of vertigo, especially in patients with a history of bariatric surgery, regardless of age. It also emphasizes the need for prompt thiamine supplementation in such cases, as timely intervention along with supportive treatments can significantly improve patient outcomes. Otolaryngologists should maintain a broad perspective when diagnosing vertigo to ensure accurate and effective treatment.
4
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The role of human papillomavirus in laryngeal carcinoma using PCR

51%
Nasseef M., Yaseen E. T., Hamad W., Yaseen M.
Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny
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2024
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vol. 13
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issue 3
1-6
EN
Introduction: The etiology of laryngeal carcinoma is multifactorial. Smoking and alcoholism are well-known risk factors; however, recently oncogenic human papillomavirus has been suggested to promote carcinogenesis. PCR has had the most dramatic impact on molecular biology, enabling the amplification of specific regions of interest and detection of gene sequences. Aim: The aims are to evaluate the possible relationship between laryngeal carcinoma and human papillomavirus and its impact on the socio-demographic findings and the clinicopathological presentation. Material and method: Twenty-five patients with laryngeal carcinoma were included. Two biopsies were taken from every patient, the first from the main bulk of the tumor, the second from the normal surrounding mucosal tissues and considered as a control group. Virus detection was done by PCR test. The HPV screen test is an in vitro nucleic acid amplification test for qualitative detection of HPV type (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 70) and β-globin gene used as internal control. Samples were transferred into the thermal cycler, in which denaturation, annealing, and chain elongation occurred. Specific bands of HPV were detected using a high-resolution Cannon camera. Results: The average age of the patients was 60.8 years. Twenty-three patients (92%) were males. Viral DNA was detected in 8% of patients, representing genotypes (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 70). There is no statistically significant relationship between the presence of the virus and epidemiological and clinic-pathological features except for female gender distribution (P-value = 0.022). Conclusions: There is no significant relationship between laryngeal carcinoma and human papillomavirus, nor a significant impact on socio-demographic findings and clinicopathological presentation.
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