Ethanol production, by a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process (SSF) of native starch from corn flour, has been performed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Ethanol Red) and granular starch hydrolyzing enzyme (STARGEN 001). The quantitative effects of mash concentration, enzyme dose and pH were investigated by the use a Box?Wilson central composite design protocol. It was found that for native corn starch, maximum ethanol concentration of 110,36 g/l was obtained using a mash concentration of 25%, which resulted in ethanol yield of 85,71%. The optimum conditions for the above yield were found for the enzyme dose of 2,05 ml/kg and pH of 5.0. These results indicated that by using the central composite design, it is possible to determine accurate values of the fermentation parameters for maximum ethanol production.
Identification of responsive genotypes and development of an efficient and cost-effective doubled haploid production system in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is required for application in practical breeding program. Although the technique has been improved in recent years, there is limited data on the inheritance of callogenesis and plant regeneration in linseed anther culture. The objective of this research was to estimate the influence of the ?Linola' cultivar genome and other cultivars used for crossing with 'Linola' plants in a process declining during the anther cultures in F1 generation. 3144 anthers altogether were placed on the medium, on average 393 from each population. Hybrid lines obtained as a result of crossing 'Linola' x 'A.C. Emmerson' were not capable to form callus. The anthers from crossing of 'Linola' x 'Szafir', 'Linola' x 'Opal' and 'Linola' x 'Bionda' were characterized with higher than average capacity to form callus, while the anthers from crossing of 'Linola' x 'Norlin', 'Linola' x 'Vinny' and 'Linola' x 'Oliwin' had lower potential of forming callus.
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