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Fertility and breast cancer

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OncoReview
|
2016
|
vol. 6
|
issue 4
A157-161
EN
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females worldwide. The mean age of breast cancer patients is > 60 yrs old, and it is seldom found in women < 40 yrs old (6.5%) and in very young women < 35 yrs old (0.6%). In young females, fertility and all its aspects are an additional therapeutic challenge. Before initiating treatment, the oncologist should offer effective contraception to be applied throughout the therapy, bearing in mind that fertility preservation is of utmost importance. When it comes to breast cancer in pregnancy, the attending physician should use a therapy which is safe for both the mother and the foetus. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy and immunotherapy can, to a lesser or greater degree, damage the ovarian function resulting in amenorrhea in women < 50 yrs (33–76%). However, owing to fertility preservation strategies, more and more pregnancies are successful, even in breast cancer survivors.
OncoReview
|
2015
|
vol. 5
|
issue 3
A103-108
EN
Breast cancer is the most common female cancer in the world and in Poland. The improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic methods has led to patients’ longer life expectancy. It has also made breast cancer a chronic disease, increasing the risk of late side effects of oncological therapy. More cardiovascular diseases are diagnose in patients over 65 with an oncological history than in those without it and therefore much effort must be made to maximise effectiveness of the therapy with as few side effects as possible. The article presents two breast cancer patients treated with big doses of liposomal doxorubicin with a good response and almost no side effects.
OncoReview
|
2018
|
vol. 8
|
issue 1
15-18
EN
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women in Poland and the entire world, but thanks to early diagnostics and efficacious therapeutic methods, its prognosis is good. In some patients with advanced breast cancer, long-term survival is observed, which is why it is essential to select the most appropriate therapy, and to follow up on the course of disease and possible adverse events related to the treatment applied. The slow development of hormone-receptor-positive cancer, and a multitude of therapeutic options constitute a real challenge in palliative treatment. The use of fulvestrant resulted in a good response in both of the presented cases, and did not in any way comprise the daily lives of the patients over a long period of time.
OncoReview
|
2017
|
vol. 7
|
issue 2
78-82
EN
Immunotherapy supports other therapeutic methods and is an important element in the fight against cancer. Its main tasks include stimulation and guidance of the immune system to fight cancer, inhibition of the mechanisms that block the immune system, and direct destruction of neoplastic cells. Different from chemotherapy or hormonal therapy, its mechanism of action is associated with a different profile of adverse events. HER2 receptor inhibitors may cause symptoms of heart failure, which usually recede, once the treatment has been discontinued. Bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF antibody, induces numerous cardiovascular complications, including arterial hypertension, arterial embolism, haemorrhage and haemoptysis as well as venous thromboembolism.
EN
The paper describes the case of a 31-year-old female patient with breast cancer with the abdominal metastases. This disease in young people usually has a more aggressive biological subtype, which significantly worsens the prognosis. In this patient aggressive treatment was used. It was effective and did not cause severe or long-term complications.
EN
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed female cancer in Poland (over 17,500 women). Anthracyclines have become one of the most important drugs in breast cancer systemic treatment. In the treatment of metastatic disease combination chemotherapy with doxorubicin provides the objective response rate of 60–85%, and the median time of progression-free survival is about 12 months. Non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (NPLD) in combination with cyclophosphamide is associated with a lower risk of cardiotoxicity, higher efficacy and more favourable toxicity profile as compared with conventional anthracycline regimes. Two cases of females patients treated with NPLD described in this article demonstrate the importance of the choice of chemotherapy, professional monitoring, early detection and treatment of adverse effects. Non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin ordained in systemic treatment of stage IV breast cancer prolongs survival and enhances the quality of life. It is a reasonable option for palliative therapy.
EN
The presented case report is an example of a spectacular effect of induction systemic treatment in a patient with locally advanced cervical cancer of IB2 grade according to FIGO 2009 (International Federation of Gynecologist and Obstetrician). The effect of induction chemotherapy (three series in paclitaxel/24 h + cisplatin regimen at an interval of three weeks) was the total metabolic response of the primary tumor and nodal lesions found in FDG-PET/CT (18F-fluorodeoxyglucose – positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography) as well as an image of total regression of the tumor in the obtained postoperative histopathological examination.
PL
Przedstawiony opis przypadku jest przykładem spektakularnego efektu zastosowania chemioterapii neoadiuwantowej (NACT, neoadjuvant chemotherapy) u pacjentki z miejscowo zaawansowanym rakiem szyjki macicy w stopniu IB2 według FIGO 2009 r. (International Federation of Gynecologist and Obstetrician). Efektem zastosowanej chemioterapii indukcyjnej (trzech serii w schemacie paklitaksel/24 h + cisplatyna w odstępie 3-tygodniowym) była całkowita odpowiedź metaboliczna guza pierwotnego i zmian węzłowych stwierdzona w badaniu FDG-PET/CT (18F-fluorodeoksyglukoza – pozytonowa tomografia emisyjna połączona z tomografią komputerową), a także obraz całkowitej odpowiedzi patologicznej w otrzymanym pooperacyjnym badaniu histopatologicznym.
EN
After uterine cancer, ovarian cancer is the second most common female reproductive tract malignancy. In Poland, in 2015, there were 3735 new cases and 2738 deaths from ovarian cancer. Over 80% of all cases are diagnosed in women aged over 50, whereas only 6% – before 35 years of age. Most cases are diagnosed, when clinical symptoms have already appeared, and the disease is at least locally advanced. The case presented below describes a very young 28-year-old woman with a tumour in the pelvis, ascites and very high Ca 125 and HE 4 levels. The clinical symptoms as well as laboratory and imaging tests were suggestive of epithelial ovarian cancer that required urgent surgery due to progression of the disease. The surgery posed a significant risk of complications, but owing to the deterioration of the patient’s condition it was considered necessary. The patient was born with a severe, complex heart defect, had undergone two cardiac surgeries, and had a pacemaker (first VVIR, then DDD). She was also intensively treated for iatrogenic HCV infection and hypothyroidism. A multidisciplinary team (a gynecologist, cardiologist and anesthetist) were behind the decision to carry out a major gynecological operation which ended with success. For the past 6 years, the patient has been under constant oncological follow-up and enjoys a good health.
EN
Taxanes, whose mechanism of action is based on blocking the cells’ division of cells, have been commonly used in the chemotherapy process for over two decades. The indications for the use of taxanes include ovarian cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, some of gastrointestinal malignant tumors or Kaposi sarcoma. Currently, chemotherapy based on taxanes, as well as every cytostatic medicine, allows to improve survival outcomes in many patients with diagnosed malignancies, although it also involves the occurrence of adverse effects. These adverse events may be life-threatening or at least they can decline the patient’s quality of life. The main aim of this paper is to feature possible ocular side effects during taxane based chemotherapy. Physicians taking care of patients during chemotherapy based on taxanes, as well as on every other cytostatic medicine, should be aware of these probable ocular complications. An early diagnosis of ophthalmic complications caused by chemotherapy makes it possible to avoid long-lasting adverse effects.
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