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Vital values as perceived by Max Scheler and José Ortega y Gasset

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Salamon-Krakowska K.

Human Movement

2011

vol. 12

issue 3

277-283

Contemporary mass culture is such that it now demands that one takes care of their body. The cult of the body has dominated our actions to such an extent that, oftentimes, the value of a person is perceived in terms of his or her physical perfection. However, the modern cult of the body cannot be seen as a revival of the ancient Greek concept of kalos kagathos. Today's culture, while coaxing people into tending to their body's needs, mystifies that very care. The question therefore arises whether the cult of the body upholds the value of body or whether it, in fact, denies it.Facing such a paradox, one may first question what significance the body itself has. Here, Max Scheler's concept of nobleness seems to be an alternative to the extremes represented in the philosophy of the body by both the traditional schools, more in line with Plato, and between those with more contemporary, somatocentric tendencies. As such, this antagonism between the noble and the ordinary constitutes one of the core issues in the demonstration of a human's vital values, values connected with maintaining life and health, in both the physical and mental aspects.This paper aims at presenting the range and specificity of such vital values and their influence on human activities. Scheler draws a clear demarcation line between those values which are vital and those which are hedonistic and utilitarian. His concept of vital values assumes that they encompass the widely understood ideas of physical culture, health promotion and ecology. He does not reduce the vital values when compared to those hedonistic, but underlines their autonomy and grants them a high standing in the hierarchy of values. While considering Scheler's philosophy of vital values, this paper will also set them in the context of Ortega y Gasset's speculation on values.

Disabled Body as Perceived in M. Merleau-Ponty'sPhenomenology of Perception

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Salamon-Krakowska K.

Physiotherapy

2010

vol. 18

issue 3

52-59

Niezależnie od historycznych uwarunkowań, niezależnie od zmieniających się naukowych paradygmatów, zawsze, gdy na horyzoncie myślenia pojawia się kwestia cielesności, wraz z nią niechybnie uobecnia się kwestia duszy. Wydaje się, że wzajemna relacja tego, co cielesne i tego, co duchowe, została przesądzona, nierzadko bowiem można odnieść wrażenie, że wciąż pozostajemy pod wpływem platońskiego wyobrażenia ciała, którym włada dusza. Jednym z przykładów dominacji platońskiego paradygmatu jest współczesny dyskurs paraolimpijski. Stawiając problem ciała niepełnosprawnego w kontekście rehabilitacji oraz sportu autorka chciała pokazać, jak możliwe jest myślenie, a tym samym mówienie o ciele w kategoriach innych niż te tylko, które odwołują się do opozycji fizyczne - duchowe. Próbą przezwyciężenia tej opozycji jest filozofia cielesności Merleau-Ponty'ego. Sięgamy zatem po Fenomenologię percepcji w nadziei, że zawarte w niej rozważania utorują drogę naszemu spojrzeniu i pomogą nam ujrzeć ciało w nieznanej dotąd perspektywie.

Regardless of any historic predispositions, regardless of any scientific paradigms whenever the question of corporeality emerges, along comes the question of the soul. It seems that the mutual relation between the bodily and spiritual aspects has been predestined and oftentimes one may have the impression that we are still under the influence of Platonic idea of the body, possessed by the soul. A contemporary discourse on Paralympics can serve as an example of domination of the Platonic paradigm. Considering the issue of a disabled body in the light of rehabilitation and sport, the author would like to present how it is possible to think, and therefore write about the body in terms that refer not only to the opposition between that which is physical - spiritual. Merleau-Ponty's philosophy of the body is an attempt to overcome this opposition. Let us use Phenomenology of Perception hoping that its deep thoughts will pave the way to our new concept of the body and will help us to see it from a new perspective.

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Vital values as perceived by Max Scheler and José Ortega y Gasset

Disabled Body as Perceived in M. Merleau-Ponty'sPhenomenology of Perception