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From Needle to Diagnosis: Correlation Between Fine Needle Aspiration and Parotid Tumour Histopathology

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Markusiewicz K., Wiśniewski B., Bieńkowska-Pluta K.
Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny
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2025
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vol. 14
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issue 1
1-5
PL
Introduction: This study assesses the efficacy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in diagnosing parotid gland tumours by comparing fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) results with postoperative histopathology, which is the gold standard procedure. Materials and Methods: The study included 179 patients who underwent parotidectomy between January 2019 and December 2022, with both pre-operative FNAB and post-operative pathology results available. The most common benign tumour identified in histopathology was Warthin’s tumour (57 patients, 46%), while squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent malignant lesion (11 patients, 9%). Malignant tumours comprised 21% of the cases. Results: FNAB demonstrated a diagnostic accuracy of 85.48%, with a sensitivity of 76.92% and a specificity of 87.7% for detecting malignancy. The positive likelihood ratio was 6.28, meaning a positive FNAB result significantly increases the likelihood of malignancy, while the negative likelihood ratio was 0.26, indicating a negative result substantially reduces the likelihood of cancer. Discussion: The findings suggest that FNAB is a valuable diagnostic tool, particularly effective at identifying benign lesions, making it useful in pre-operative planning. However, the study also emphasises the importance of integrating FNAB with clinical and radiological evaluations to improve diagnostic accuracy and minimise false-positive and false-negative outcomes. FNAB’s high specificity and accuracy support its continued use in the diagnostic workup of parotid gland tumours, aiding in the differentiation between benign and malignant lesions and informing surgical decisions.
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