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Evaluating the Coordination of Motor Abilities in Greco-Roman Wrestlers by Computer Testing

100%
Gierczuk D., Ljach W.
Human Movement
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2012
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vol. 13
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issue 4
323-329
EN
Purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate, by using a number of selected criteria, the accuracy of Vienna Test System (VST) computer tests used in wrestling to evaluate motor skill development. Methods. Fifteen 16-17-year-old students from the SMS Sports School in Radom, Poland, who had been practising Greco-Roman wrestling for a period of 3 to 6 years took part in a VTS-based examination that measured coordination of motor abilities (CMA). Test reliability and validity were evaluated on the basis of thirty test scores characterising six abilities that define motor coordination. Reliability was defined by performing the tests twice (test/retest) over a period of three-to-five days. The validity of the selected scores was established with the help of three different criteria. Results. Thirteen out of the thirty CMA scores under investigation demonstrated sufficient coefficients of reliability. The CMA tests assessing quick reaction time, frequency of movements, partial spatial orientation, movement adaptability and movement coupling fulfilled the assumed criterion. In most cases, the coefficients of validity were not lower than 0.3. The highest validity level was demonstrated by scores measuring movement coupling, complex reaction time, spatial orientation and movement adaptability, while the lowest one was found in simple reactions and frequency of movements. Conclusions. The obtained reliability and validity coefficients of the scores based on complex reaction, partial spatial orientation, movement adaptability and movement coupling confirm the usefulness of these specific tests in diagnosing CMA in wrestlers, as they meet the demands of sports metrology.
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Reliability and Accuracy of Batak Lite Tests Used for Assessing Coordination Motor Abilities in Wrestlers

100%
Gierczuk D., Bujak Z.
Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
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2015
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vol. 21
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issue 2
72-76
EN
Introduction. The aim of this work was to assess selected validity criteria of motor tasks included in Batak Lite. The tasks are used to control coordination motor abilities in athletes of different sports. Material and methods. Twenty male Greco-Roman wrestlers from the sports school SMS in Radom were included in the study. They were 17-18 years of age and their training experience was 4-7.5 years long. The validity of motor tasks was determined on the basis of two criteria, i.e. reliability and diagnostic accuracy. To define the reliability of the tests, the research was carried out twice with an interval of 5-7-days (test-retest). Diagnostic accuracy of selected indices was determined with the help of three main criteria. The analysis included 6 motor tasks performed with the use of Batak Lite. Results. Tests I, II, IV and V are characterised by reliability coefficients higher than 0.50 and, regardless of the assumed accuracy criterion, by coefficients higher than 0.30. Thus, they meet the validity requirements within the assessed criteria. The highest accuracy coefficients were observed in motor tests assessing quick reaction (r = 0.46-0.63), simple reaction including sensory (r = 0.61-0.78), motor (r = 0.33-0.46) and complex (r = 0.34-0.49) reactions as well as spatio-temporal orientation (r = 0.33-0.49) and movement coupling (r = 0.34-0.49). Conclusions. Four Batak Lite tests displayed sufficient reliability and diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, they can be implemented in the training process of wrestlers. The strongest correlation was noted between Batak Lite tests and motor tests that assessed quick reaction, spatio-temporal orientation and movement coupling.
3
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Professional activities of an Olympic martial sports trainer

100%
Bujak Z., Gierczuk D.
Physical Activity Review
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2013
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vol. 1
50-58
EN
The aim of the study was to determine the importance of basic professional activities of a trainer in Olympic martial sports, defining the differences between trainers’ opinions and discovering the main groups of activities characteristic for a given martial sport. Methods and Resources. Opinions of 37 trainers with many years of experience in boxing (n=11), Olympic taekwondo (n=13) and wrestling (n=13) were collected via a questionnaire composed of 20 activities, to which respondents allocated a rank from 1 to 4. Results. The most important activities of an Olympic martial sports were managing the technical, tactical and physical preparation of a trainee. Boxing and taekwondo trainers’ opinions were very alike (rsp=0.78; p<0.001). On the other hand, the greatest discrepancies between views were found in taekwondo and wrestling trainers (rsp=0.01; p>0.05). The most important professional activities created various clusters depending on the specifics of a martial sport. Conclusions. Hierarchization of the basic professional activities of a trainer showed consistency in the most important ones, and discrepancies between those defined as less important. Opinions of the trainers in sports similar in terms of the combat techniques were similar. Three martial sports trainers differed in the way they perceived the importance of directing their trainees during sports competitions. The groups of professional activities of a trainer differ between boxing, taekwondo and wrestling.
4
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Selected Cognitive And Emotional Resources Of Untrained Youth And Young Wrestlers

100%
Rutkowska K., Gierczuk D.
Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
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2012
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vol. 19
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issue 3
190-195
EN
Introduction. Wrestling is a sport that requires proper physical and mental preparation. The authors present selected psychological resources, emotional intelligence and creative attitude, as factors influencing the broadly defined mastery, both in the area of sport and out of it. These variables guarantee better adaptation to changing conditions and they are also connected with the effectiveness of handling different situations and optimal problem solving. The aim of the study was to diagnose emotional intelligence and creative attitude among young female and male wrestlers. Material and methods. The study included 20 females from the regional team of cadets and juniors and 19 male wrestlers from the sports school. The control group consisted of two deliberately selected groups of untrained students - 20 girls and 19 boys. KANH and INTE questionnaires were used in the study. Results. In the three groups under investigation medium levels of emotional intelligence and creative vs. reproductive attitude were observed. It was only female wrestlers who manifested low levels of emotional intelligence which, similar to the levels of nonconformity, heuristic thinking and creative attitude, were lower than in female students from the control group. The female wrestlers demonstrated higher levels of conformity and reproductive attitude. Female students demonstrated higher levels of emotional intelligence and conformity than male students. No differences between male and female wrestlers were observed. Conclusions. The findings show that it is necessary to conduct longitudinal research on athletes and untrained individuals. Bearing in mind that learning a motoric task depends, inter alia, on intellectual and emotional factors, the authors also recommend another course of research, i.e. the verification of how these variables are related to the effectiveness of learning motoric tasks. The authors' own research results as well as further (planned) investigations will make it possible to profile various educational effects and deliberately strengthen the potential of young wrestlers.
5
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Emotional Intelligence and the Sense of Efficiency of Coaching and Instructing in Wrestling

100%
Rutkowska K., Gierczuk D.
Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
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2012
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vol. 19
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issue 1
46-51
EN
Introduction. The aim of this study was to diagnose the level of emotional intelligence and sense of efficiency among the occupational group of coaches and instructors in wrestling. Material and methods. The study involved 27 participants of a training course for coaches and instructors in training (25 men and 2 women). The basic methods of research involved the Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire INTE and the GSES scale for measurement of the sense of efficacy. Their use allowed us to diagnose the average level of emotional intelligence and the sense of self-efficacy. Results. Coaches and instructors are characterised by average level of emotional intelligence and the sense of self-efficacy. First class coaches are characterized by significantly higher levels of emotional intelligence, and the belonging to the group of trainers has no influence on the sense of efficacy. Conclusions. The results of the study can provide guidance to create/modify training programs for sports coaches. Developing mental toughness and improving emotional intelligence should occupy a special place in the training process wrestlers.
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Somatotype, Body Composition and Proportionality in Polish Top Greco-Roman Wrestlers

88%
Sterkowicz-Przybycień K., Sterkowicz S., Żarów R.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2011
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vol. 28
141-154
EN
The objective of the paper was to determine body composition and somatotype of male Greco-Roman wrestlers grouped by different weight categories and level of competition. Twenty three contestants (aged 24.9±5.5 years, training experience 13.7±5.8 years) were examined during their competitive period. They were divided into heavier (n=12) and lighter weight categories (n=11). Twelve of them took part in Olympic Qualification Tournaments, whereas six others participated in the Olympic Games in Athens. An experienced evaluator performed 10 measurements necessary to designate Heath-Carter somatotypes and additional skinfolds to estimate the percentage of body fat and body composition. Heavier wrestlers (weight=92.4 kg) exhibited more endomorphy and mesomorphy than lighter wrestlers (weight=70.1 kg). Heavier wrestlers were characterized by higher BMI, fat mass, fat percentage and fat free mass index than wrestlers in lighter weight categories. Sports level was evaluated with discriminant analysis which revealed significant results (p<0.01) with canonical correlation coefficient of 0.754, and Wilks' λ=0.431. Discriminant function=0.593774*Training Experience-0.300177*EN+0.627894*ME-0.242241*EC - 0.636081*Pelvis/Shoulder Ratio. Among the 23 observations used to fit the model, 19 (82.6%) were correctly classified. When compared with untrained subjects, wrestlers exhibited higher body mass (81.8 vs. 72.1 kg, t=3.15, p<0.01) and lower height-weight ratio (40.50 vs. 43.21, t=13.5, p<0.001). Wrestlers' somatotypes differed from those of untrained subjects (2.0-6.6-1.2 vs. 3.7-4.3-3.1). They were also characterized by lower adiposity (12.1 vs. 15.7%, t=7.84, p<0.001).In conclusion, body build and composition in wrestlers depend on their weight category. In heavier categories, characteristic type is endomorph-mesomorph, whereas lighter weight categories are dominated by balanced mesomorph. A considerable difference in endomorphy and indices of body composition can also be observed. Higher sport experience with lower endomorphy (tendencies for lower fat content) and Pelvis/Shoulder Ratio are interrelated with higher competition level presented by wrestlers.
7
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Effect of compression modalities for recovery on wrestlers’ biomarkers in one day tournament

75%
Ghoraba*a M. S., Ghazy M. F.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2019
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vol. 28
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issue 4
39-52
EN
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of different compression modalities as to recovery enhancement on some biomarkers in wrestlers. Serum creatinine, lactic acid and glucose level were tested in elite wrestlers before a match-up, 3 minutes post-match up and 19 minutes after applying recovery compression model. The results showed insignificant differences between pre-post 3-minutes tests among research groups due to sample equality, 3-minutes and 19-minutes post match up tests showed efficacy of compression technique in enhancing recovery in sake of 160/20 mmHg compression modality with enhancement percentage of 16.614% for serum creatinine, 43.214% for lactic acid and 22.505% for glucose level. The compression band with 160/20 mmHg exceeds recovery after match-up.
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