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EN
A field experiment was conducted during winter season of 2014-2015 at a farm field located in Swabi Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan with the main aim to evaluate the influence of different organic manures on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with four replications. The treatments were: T1 (control, no manure), T2 (Cattle manure), T3 (Poultry manure) and T4 (Sheep manure). All the organic manures were applied at the rate of 10 t ha-1. At maturity, plant height (cm), number of grains per spike, grain yield and biological yield were recorded. Results led to the conclusion that T3 (poultry manure) gave the best results, as compared to other treatments. The values of plant height, biological yield and grain yield were 87 cm, 13.66 t ha-1 and 5.750 t ha-1, respectively, for poultry manure treatment. Results for number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight were found non-significant in the prevailing soil condition.
EN
This the study was conducted for two successive seasons 2014/15 and 2015/16 on a desert soil with the aim to investigate the effect of green manure on infiltration rate and soil moisture retention of desert soil and wheat yield in the Northern State of Sudan as well. Four types of green manure Vigna radiate (Green gram), Vigna sinensis (Cowpea), Dolichos lablab (Lablab bean) and Sesbania canabina (Sesbania pea) were selected as green manure corps with three levels. The first level was a seed rate of 12 kg ha-1, 18 kg ha-1, 24 kg ha-1, 12 kg ha-1 respectively. The second level was two times of the first level and third level was three times of the first level. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that the effect of green manure was effective in improving the soil physical properties under investigation. The green manure application decreased soil infiltration rate on the average across the two seasons varied from 3.5 cm hr-1 for the control to 1.7 cm hr-1 (105 %) in the green manure treatments except lablab been treatments, and improved the soil moisture retention as well and also, increased available water on the average across both seasons varied form 17 mm in the control to 27.6mm ( 58 %) in the green manure treatments except lablab bean treatments. The result also showed that the effect of green manure obtained very highly significantly (P≤0.001) increase in the grain yield of wheat on the average across the two seasons varied from 0.71 ton ha-1 in the control treatment to 3.21 ton ha-1 (352 %) in the green manure treatments except lablab bean treatments. It is recommended that Green gram (12 kg ha-1), Cowpea (18 kg ha-1) and Sesbania pea (12 kg ha-1) which are available and cheaper are suitable types of green manure crops for soil reclamation of the desert plain soils of Sudan.
EN
The structural properties of photorespiratory serine:glyoxylate aminotransferases (SGAT, EC 2.6.1.45) from maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves were examined. By means of molecular sieving on Zorbax SE-250 column and filtration through centrifugal filters it was shown that dimers of wheat enzyme (molecular mass of about 90 kDa) dissociate into component monomers (molecular mass of about 45 kDa) upon decrease in pH value (from 9.1 or 7.0 to 6.5). At pH 9.1 a 50-fold decrease of ionic strength elicited a similar effect. Under the same conditions homodimers of the maize enzyme (molecular mass similar to that of the wheat enzyme) remained stable. Immunoblot analysis with polyclonal antiserum against wheat seedling SGAT on leaf homogenates or highly purified preparations of both enzymes showed that the immunogenic portions of the wheat enzyme are divergent from those of the maize enzyme. The sequence of 136 amino acids of the maize enzyme and 78 amino acids of the wheat enzyme was established by tandem mass spectrometry with time of flight analyzer. The two enzymes likely share similarity in tertiary and quaternary structures as well as high level of hydrophobicity on their molecular surfaces. They likely differ in the mechanism of transport from the site of biosynthesis to peroxisomes as well as in some aspects of secondary structure.
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