Search results

1

The Effects of a Six-week Plyometric Training Program on the Stiffness of Anterior and Posterior Muscles of the Lower Leg in Male Volleyball Players

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Mroczek D., Superlak E., Seweryniak T., Maćkała K., Konefał M., Chmura P., Borzucka D., Rektor Z., Chmura J.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2017

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vol. 20

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issue 4

107-115

EN

The study assesses the effects of a six-week plyometric training program (PT) on muscle stiffness in the dominant and non-dominant leg in male collegiate volleyball players. The study group comprised 16 volleyball players who had played collegiate volleyball for at least four years. For six consecutive weeks, twice a week, the players undertook a plyometric program of 60-min training sessions, each preceded with a specialist warm-up. The analysis of the anterior muscles of the right and the left lower leg revealed a significant increase in stiffness in the muscles of the right leg and the left leg. No significant differences were found between the anterior muscles of the left lower leg and the right lower leg in particular weeks of the training program. The analysis of the posterior lower leg muscles revealed no significant differences, either in the consecutive weekly training microcycles or between the left leg and the right leg. The measurement of muscle tone and biomechanical properties of muscles can be used as a fast and direct assessment of plyometric training-related muscle fatigue. A similar level of muscle stiffness in both lower legs (symmetry) is a reflection of the appropriate selection of plyometric training loads.

2

Changes of Reaction Time and Blood Lactate Concentration of Elite Volleyball Players During a Game

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Mroczek D., Kawczyński A., Chmura J.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

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vol. 28

73-78

EN

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in reaction time of elite volleyball players during a game. Fourteen volleyball players participated in the study. Reaction time was measured using the Optojump system. In addition, blood lactate concentration was assessed to monitor physiological load during the game. All measurements were performed during a pre-game test and during sets 1, 2, 3 and 4. Reaction time during set 1 decreased significantly by 13,3 % compared with pre-game values, from 600 ms during the pre-game test to 520 ms during set 1 (p<0,05). Blood lactate concentration increased significantly during set 1, 2, 3 and 4 compared with pre-game conditions (p<0,05). Reaction time stays in the first phase of its changes pattern and elite volleyball players do not reach psychomotor fatigue threshold throughout the game.

3

Anthropometric Characteristics of Volleyball Players with respect to Playing Positions: In Ethiopian Female Premier League

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Bekele B. A., Adane A. K., Kabiso T. A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2022

|

vol. 39

65-73

EN

The aim of this study was to investigate the anthropometric characteristics of Ethiopian female premier league volleyball players in relation to playing positions. The study encompassed 42 female premier league volleyball players (age: 25.60+6.4 years). The players were categorized on the bases of playing position: including: -setters (n=5), middle blockers (n=7), outside-hitters (n=11), opposite hitters (n=11), and liberos (n=8). Anthropometric measurements such as: five basic, six body lengths, six body circumferences, and five skinfolds were assessed. Descriptive statistics and One-Way ANOVA were used to identify the differences among the anthropometric characteristics of the players’ at different playing positions. Significant mean differences were separated using the Tukey B a,b mean difference test at P < 0.05.The result revealed that there were significant differences in standing height, sitting height, standing reach height, arm and leg lengths among female volleyball players in different playing positions. However, the differences in weight, BMI, body circumferences, and skinfolds were not significant. Up on the results, it was possible to conclude that players’ anthropometry is among the factors that affect success in a game. Considering players’ anthropometry seems to be crucial at the time of selection and assigning of players to playing positions.

4

The influence of static stretching of specific lower limb muscle groups on the jump height parameter of volleyball players aged 16-17: a pilot study

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Ćwirlej-Sozańska A. B., Wójcik O., Wójcik J., Mól M., Kolasa T.

Advances in Rehabilitation

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2021

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vol. 35

|

issue 1

32-38

EN

Introduction The jump is one of the most important parameters in volleyball. Often, warmup exercise strategies are based on static stretching. The aim of the study is to show whether the static stretching of muscles of the lower limbs influences the jump parameter of volleyball players. Material and methods The study included 25 players (16-17 years) from the club AKS Resovia Rzeszów. The study consisted of two measurements (M1 and M2) with intervention conducted between them. The vertical jump and heel to buttock tests were performed. Quadriceps femoris, iliopsoas and gastrocnemius were subjected to static stretching. Results Statistically significant differences in the heel-buttock test between the M1 and M2 for both right and left lower limbs were found. The average distance between the anthropometric points in M1 for the left lower limb was 14.54±6.16 cm. This tendency was similar to the right lower limb. After the intervention in M2, the average distance was 11±6.06 cm. A significant reduction of the value of the vertical jump after the intervention has been noted. The average value of the jump before the intervention was 325.64±10.15 cm. In M2 the mean value was 324.24±9.81 cm. The difference between M1 and M2 was statistically significant. Conclusions It has been found that in the study group static stretching had negative influence on the jump parameters directly after performing it. A positive effect of static stretching on increasing the range of mobility of the knee joint was noted.

5

The Effect of a 6-Week Plyometric Training on Explosive Power in Volleyball Players

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Jastrzebski Z., Wnorowski K., Mikolajewski R., Jaskulska E., Radziminski L.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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2014

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vol. 6

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issue 2

79-89

EN

Background: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of a six-week plyometric high and low-intensity training on the explosive power of lower limbs in volleyball players. Material/Methods: The research was conducted on a sample of 30 volunteers of the Sports Club at Gdansk University of Technology in Gdansk. Before the experiment, the players were divided into two homogeneous groups. After two weeks of an introductory common stage, each group followed a plyometric regime of different intensity. The results showed that the high-intensity program was more efficient than the low-intensity program in developing the explosive power in the volleyball players. Results: The largest significant improvement was observed for the vertical jump with arm swing (11% in HIJG and 3.8% in LISG). The strongest correlations were registered for the maximal power and the total mechanical work obtained in the Wingate test (r=0.83), and the power of jumps during attacks and blocks (r=0.78). Conclusions: The experiment confirmed high effectiveness of the training loads applied in the experiment, in particular in the high-intensity program.

6

Postural Control in Quiet Stance in the Second League Male Volleyball Players

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Kuczyński M., Rektor Z., Borzucka D.

Human Movement

|

2009

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vol. 10

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issue 1

12-15

EN

Purpose. The aim of the present work was to identify factors and neurophysiological mechanisms that may determine a robust and very stable postural control in athletes. Basic procedures. Postural performance in quiet stance was compared in 23 volleyball players from the Polish second league with 24 age-matched healthy physically active male subjects (controls). All participants stood quietly for 20 s on a force plate with their eyes open, while the center of pressure (COP) was recorded with the sampling rate of 20 Hz in both: the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) planes. From the recorded signals the COP dispersion measures, postural frequency and stiffness were computed. Main findings. The players displayed lower COP variability in the ML plane (p < 0.05) and lower COP range than controls in both planes (p < 0.01). Their COP mean velocity was higher in the AP plane (p < 0.0001) and the ML plane (p < 0.01) than in controls. Together, these findings indicated the presence of an additional low-amplitude and high-frequency signal superimposed on the COP in athletes but not in controls. Superior body stability and different mode of automatic postural control observed in the players challenge recent views on the relationships between attention resources allocation and its consequences to the selection and implementation of postural strategies. Conclusions. The volleyball players have superior body stability and different mode of automatic postural control as compared with the control group. Postural strategies of athletes may result from slight muscular adjustments that adopt mechanisms similar to stochastic resonance to monitor an instantaneous body vertical with greater efficiently.

7

Changes of Power-Velocity Relationship in Volleyball Players During an Annual Training Cycle

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Buśko K.

Human Movement

|

2009

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vol. 10

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issue 2

149-152

EN

Purpose. The aim of the study was to follow the changes of maximal power output and power-velocity relationship in male volleyball players during an annual training cycle. Basic procedures. The study was conducted on six first-league volleyball players: age 25.0 ± 5.3 years, body height 195.2 ± 7.2 cm and body mass 91.2 ± 14.7 kg. Force-velocity and power-velocity relations were determined from five maximal cycle ergometer exercise tests, 10 s each, with increasing external loads amounting to 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5% of body weight, respectively. There were 2-min breaks between the tests. Maximal power output was computed from power-velocity curves. Maximal power output and power-velocity relationships were determined before the preparatory period (I), after the first competitive season (II) and after the second competitive season (III). Main findings. Significant increases occurred in the maximal power output from 12.80 ± 0.79 (preparatory period) to 13.11 ± 0.94 (after the first competitive season) and 13.44 ± 0.62 W·kg-1 (after the second competitive season). The mean optimal velocity (vo) increased non-significantly from 122.2 ± 16.1 rpm (I) to 129.2 ± 14.9 rpm (II), and decreased non-significantly during the second competitive season (119.5 ± 18.5 rpm). Conclusions. In the annual training cycle under study a statistically significant increase of the power output with the external load of 7.5% of body weight was noted. The relative maximal power output increased significantly after the second competitive season as compared with the measurement before the preparatory period. The optimal velocity changed insignificantly in the entire annual training cycle.

8

Functional movement screen proficiency of adolescent female volleyball players

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Kovac D., Krkeljas Z., Spasovski D., Grbic V., Miceta L.

Physical Activity Review

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2021

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vol. 2

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issue 9

76-81

EN

Assessments and testing of young athletes often exclude the fundamental and functional movement capacity, which are critical for healthy motor development of adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate functional capacity of young female volleyball players and determine if participation in volleyball leads to development of movement dysfunctions. Two-hundred fifty-eight (258) adolescent female volleyball players (14.3 ± 1.7 yrs) underwent the functional movement screen. Person correlation showed no significant relationship between functional tests and playing experience, while age showed significant, but weak relationship with total functional score (r = 0.189; p < 0.005). Overall, 44% of participants scored less than 14. Paired sample t-tests show significant bilateral asymmetries in hurdle step, in-line lunge, and shoulder mobility tests. Functional movement screen was useful in identifying functional limitations and asymmetries in young female athletes. However, as neither age nor playing experience were strongly associated with functional score, more attention should be given to the qualitative movement assessment of individual tests, rather than the composite score.

9

The Structure of Ontogenetic Dispositions in Young Volleyball Players - European Cadet Volleyball Champions

100%

Superlak E.

Human Movement

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2008

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vol. 9

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issue 2

128-133

EN

Purpose. Proper multi-level selection of talented youth is one of the fundamental aspects of qualified sport. The common autotelic approach to selection in sport, based on the measurement of individual traits and abilities and excluding any pragmatic aspects of different sports seems highly insufficient today. Each specific sport features its own factors affecting athletes' development and constituting important selection criteria. Thus, a heterotelic approach accounting for the specificity of different sports allows ontogenetic profiling of young talented athletes in view of their dispositions to act under varying circumstances. Basic procedures. The presented theoretical model of holistic perception of playing dispositions was verified by way of interdispositional identification of candidates for the Polish national team, who after a two-year training won the European championship in cadet volleyball. Main findings. The data obtained showed that each player featured a specific structure of traits and abilities understood as volleyball playing dispositions. It is assumed that individual dispositions can be - under different circumstances and to a different extent - combined into more complex structures called interdispositions. Conclusions. The exemplification of the theoretical model showed that playing dispositions could and should be studied in an interdisciplinary manner. The holistic approach to the player's individual traits makes his or her profiling more comprehensive, which affects the development of skills and performance assessment methods.

10

Speed of Visual Sensorimotor Processes and Conductivity of Visual Pathway in Volleyball Players

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Zwierko T., Osinski W., Lubinski W., Czepita D., Florkiewicz B.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2010

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vol. 23

21-27

EN

Volleyball is a dynamic game which requires a high level of visual skills. The first aim of this study was to investigate the several aspects of reaction times (RT) to visual stimuli in volleyball players (12) compared to non-athletic subjects (12). By using the tests included in the Vienna Test System (Schuhfried, Austria), simple reaction time (SRT), choice reaction time (CRT) and peripheral reaction time (PRT) were examined. The second aim of this study was to assess the neurophysiological basis of early visual sensory processing in both examined groups. We measured two sets of pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (VEPs) during monocular central field stimulation (Reti Scan, Roland Consult, Germany). The latencies of waves N75, P100 and N135 were determined. We observed significantly shorter (p<0.05) total reaction time to stimuli appearing in the central and peripheral field of vision in the volleyball players compared to non-athletes. With regard to SRT and CRT the main differences between the groups appeared in pre-motor reaction times. Volleyball players had shorter VEPs P100 wave latencies (p<0.05) than the non-athlete group. The results indicate faster signal transmission in visual pathways in athletes than in non-athletes. This fact can be attributed to the effect of rapid visual-activity-demanding sports on the central nervous system.

11

The Effects of Acoustic Disturbance on Anaerobic Endurance in Female Volleyball Players

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Sienkiewicz-Dianzenza E., Baranowska M. B., Stupnicki R.

Human Movement

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2015

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vol. 16

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issue 1

33-35

EN

Purpose.The purpose of the study was to assess anaerobic endurance in volleyball players through repeated vertical jump performance under quiet and noisy conditions. Methods. A group of 12 female players aged 19-28 year completed six sets of eight standing vertical jump jumps; jump height and heart rate before and after the protocol were measured in quiet and noisy (fan cheering) conditions. Results. Maximum and minimum vertical jump heights were higher and intragroup differences were smaller in noisy than quiet conditions. Conclusions. Vertical jump testing, a measure of physical activity typical of volleyball, is suitable for monitoring training effects. The influence of noise typical during volleyball matches had a positive effect on player performance and anaerobic endurance.

12

Defence Efficacy in Practice and Competition. A Case Study in Women’s Volleyball

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Palao J. M., Giménez-Ibarra M. I.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2015

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vol. 12

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issue 4

25-34

EN

The aim of this study was to compare the player positions, situations, techniques, and efficacy in defence between practice and competition for a women’s professional volleyball team. The sample was a Spanish professional women’s volleyball team. The defence actions carried out in three sessions of the competitive season and two in-season matches were studied (794 rallies in practice and 166 rallies in competition). The variables studied were: actions done, defence zone, player role, type of attack, court defence technique, game phase, situations, level of execution of the defence team system, block efficacy, defence efficacy, and result of the rally for the analysed team. Descriptive and inferential analyses of the data were done (Mann-Whitney U, and Chi-Square Test and likelihood ratio). Differences in defence systems and efficacies were found between practice and competition. A higher collective efficacy was found in competition, and higher levels of individual block and defence efficacies were found in practice. The results show the need to reconsider the way match analysis is done. Consideration should not only be given to the actions done with the ball when analysing players’ performance.

13

FITNESS AND SOMATIC CONDITIONING OF A SPORTS LEVEL IN A WOMEN’S VOLLEYBALL TEAM AT THE CHAMPIONSHIP LEVEL

88%

Rabka A., Rabka P., Klocek T., Spieszny M.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2015

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vol. 10

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issue 2

101-108

EN

There is a significant complexity of movements and an ability to adapt to changing situations during a match, hence, a factor which decides about sports rank of a player is their motor fitness. The assessment of muscle power output and abilities of coordination in high-rank players can be one of the most essential model indicators either in the process of athlete selection or in the process of sports training. The research question is: How the measured indicators of a somatic body construction and motor fitness condition the sports level of volleyball players who specialize in different tactical functions? The paper demonstrates the test results of 12 volleyball players from MKS Muszynianka – a vice-champion of Poland in 2009. Basic features of a somatic body construction were measured; the indicators of muscle dynamic strength, visual perception and visual-motor coordination were tested. The comparative analysis of the applied somatic and fitness indicators in the study explains both the model of choice of tactical specializations in the game and sports hierarchy of volleyball players at championship level. Lengthwise predispositions of a body construction are prominent in the model; however, fitness skills (muscle dynamic strength and visual-motor coordination) may well compensate for insufficient somatic indicators.

14

Is it Possible to Estimate Match Result in Volleyball: A new Prediction Model

88%

Akarçeşme C.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2017

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vol. 19

|

issue 3

5-17

EN

This study investigates the power of variables in a logistic regression model (the efficacy model or (EM)) to explain the match results in the Turkish Men’s Volleyball League (TMVL) and the Turkish Women’s Volleyball League (TWVL) in terms of the players’ positions. The dependent variable was the match result, and the power of the variables libero player efficiency (LPE), setter efficiency (SE), middle blocker efficiency (MBE), outside hitter efficiency (OHE) and universal player efficiency (UPE) were separately investigated for both genders. The EM accurately classified 83.45% of the games won and lost in the TWVL. The sensitivity (proportion of won games classified as won) and specificity (proportion of lost games classified as lost) was 85.03 and 81.88%, respectively. In the TMVL analysis, the classification accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were 78.23, 78.77 and 77.70%, respectively. Moreover, for both genders, the match results were chiefly explained by the SE, MBE, OHE and UPE. The LPE variable could not predict the results in the TWVL.

15

An assessment of a volleyball player’s loads in a match on the basis of the number and height of jumps measured in real-time conditions

88%

Wnorowski K., Aschenbrenner P., Skrobecki J., Stech M.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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2013

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vol. 5

|

issue 3

199-206

EN

Background: The value of volleyball players’ reach is often critical to their efficient functioning in the game. It depends on the jumping ability factor and the player’s body build. An analysis of this parameter is particularly difficult to carry out in real conditions of the game. The objective of the research was to determine the height of reach in basic technical and tactical actions of leading Polish volleyball players during a match in regard to their maximum values measured in laboratory conditions. Material/Methods: The study involved five volleyball players, Polish representatives of different specialization in the game: the attacker, the setter, the middle blocker and two receivers. The study made use of a camcorder and an innovative computer program AS-4, which enables measuring the value of reach at which tactical and technical actions are carried out in the game. Results: A total of 378 tactical and technical actions of the tested players were registered. It turned out that they were performed at the level of (reach) 87.4% in comparison to the maximum reach measured in laboratory conditions. Conclusions: Values of reach achieved by the tested volleyball players have a significant, positive correlation with results obtained in individual sets. The values closest to the value of the maximum reach were reported in attack, the lowest ones in setting.

16

CUE USAGE IN VOLLEYBALL: A TIME COURSE COMPARISON OF ELITE, INTERMEDIATE AND NOVICE FEMALE PLAYERS

88%

Vansteenkiste P., Vaeyens R., Zeuwts L., Philippaerts R., Lenoir M.

Biology of Sport

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2014

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vol. 31

|

issue 4

295-302

EN

This study compared visual search strategies in adult female volleyball players of three levels. Video clips of the attack of the opponent team were presented on a large screen and participants reacted to the final pass before the spike. Reaction time, response accuracy and eye movement patterns were measured. Elite players had the highest response accuracy (97.50 ± 3.5%) compared to the intermediate (91.50 ± 4.7%) and novice players (83.50 ± 17.6%; p<0.05). Novices had a remarkably high range of reaction time but no significant differences were found in comparison to the reaction time of elite and intermediate players. In general, the three groups showed similar gaze behaviour with the apparent use of visual pivots at moments of reception and final pass. This confirms the holistic model of image perception for volleyball and suggests that expert players extract more information from parafoveal regions.

17

Game-Related Volleyball Skills that Influence Victory

88%

Silva M., Lacerda D., João P. V.

|

2014

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vol. 41

|

issue 1

173-179

EN

The aim of the present study was to identify the volleyball skills that discriminate in favour of victory. Twenty-four games (n=24) from the Senior Men's Volleyball World Championship played in Italy in 2010 were chosen and analyzed with Data Volley software. The discriminating function was used to identify the discriminating variables, using a canonical structuring coefficient of |SC| >.30. The results suggest that service points, reception errors, and blocking errors were the discriminating variables that identify the final outcome of the match (victory/defeat). Moreover, successful service points were the major variable most likely associated with match success (victory). In this sense, increasing the effectiveness of service should be a top priority in coaching elite volleyball teams.

18

Porównanie ustawienia łopatek, ruchomości stawu ramiennego i odcinka szyjnego kręgosłupa u siatkarzy i osób nietrenujących

75%

Zawadka M., Kloc J., Fijewski A., Jabłoński M.

Polish Journal of Sports Medicine

|

2019

|

vol. 35(1)

45-50

EN

Background. The aim of the study was to compare the distance between the shoulder blades and the spine, flexion and abduction of the shoulder joint and t mobility of the cervical spine in volleyball players and non-athletes. Material and methods. Forty-four male and female volleyball players and 25 non-athletes took a part in the investigation. All participants declared a lack of musculoskeletal pain and dysfunctions. The shoulder blade position and the cervical spine movement were measured with centimeter tape. The range of motion was measured using a standard goniometer was used . Results The values corresponding to the distance between the medial border of the scapula and the spine as well the flexion and abduction ranges of motion in the shoulder joint are comparable in both groups. Volleyball players were found to have a significantly greater range of flexion, extension and lateral flexion of cervical spine. No statistically significant differences were found in spinal rotation. Conclusions The greater range of flexion, extension and lateral flexion of the cervical spine may indicate the influence of volleyball training on the increase of cervical spine mobility. The functional relationship between the cervical spine and the shoulder girdle requires further investigation.

PL

Wstęp. Celem pracy było porównanie oddalenia łopatek od kręgosłupa, zakresu zgięcia i odwiedzenia stawu ramiennego i ruchomości odcinka szyjnego u osób trenujących i nietrenujących piłki siatkowej. Materiał i metody. Czterdziestu czterech siatkarzy i siatkarek oraz 25 osób nietrenujących zostało przebadanych. Wszyscy uczestnicy deklarowali brak dolegliwości bólowych i dysfunkcji ze strony narządu ruchu. Oddalenie łopatek od kręgosłupa i ruchomość odcinka szyjnego zostały zmierzone taśmą centymetrową. Do pomiaru zakresu ruchu stawu ramiennego posłużył goniometr. Wyniki. Oddalenie brzegu przyśrodkowego łopatek oraz zakres zgięcia i odwiedzenia w stawie ramiennym są porównywalne w obu grupach. Siatkarze mają istotnie większy zakres zgięcia, wyprostu i skłonów bocznych odcinka szyjnego. Nie zaobserwowano statystycznie istotnej różnicy w zakresie rotacji odcinka szyjnego. Wnioski. Większy zakres zgięcia, wyprostu i skłonów bocznych odcinka szyjnego może świadczyć o wpływie treningu siatkarskiego na zwiększenie ruchomości odcinka szyjnego kręgosłupa. Związek funkcjonalny odcinka szyjnego kręgosłupa i obręczy barkowej wymaga dalszych badań.

19

H:Q Ratios and Bilateral Leg Strength in College Field and Court Sports Players

75%

Cheung R., Smith A., Wong D.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2012

|

vol. 33

63-71

EN

One of the key components in sports injury prevention is the identification of imbalances in leg muscle strength. However, different leg muscle characteristics may occur in large playing area (field) sports and small playing area (court) sports, which should be considered in regular injury prevention assessment. This study examined the isokinetic hamstrings-to-quadriceps (H:Q) ratio and bilateral leg strength balance in 40 male college (age: 23.4 ± 2.5 yrs) team sport players (field sport = 23, soccer players; court sport = 17, volleyball and basketball players). Five repetitions of maximal knee concentric flexion and concentric extension were performed on an isokinetic dynamometer at two speeds (slow: 60 °·s-1 and fast: 300°·s-1) with 3 minutes rest between tests. Both legs were measured in counterbalanced order with the dominant leg being determined as the leg used to kick a ball. The highest concentric peak torque values (Nm) of the hamstrings and quadriceps of each leg were analyzed after body mass normalization (Nm·kg-1). Court sport players showed significantly weaker dominant leg hamstrings muscles at both contraction speeds (P < 0.05). The H:Q ratio was significantly larger in field players in their dominant leg at 60°·s-1 (P < 0.001), and their non-dominant leg at 300°·s-1 (P < 0.001) respectively. Sport-specific leg muscle strength was evident in college players from field and court sports. These results suggest the need for different muscle strength training and rehabilitation protocols for college players according to the musculature requirements in their respective sports.

20

Identification of the Mapping Models of the Players Cooperation in Serve Reception in Volleyball

75%

Mazur L.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

|

2021

|

vol. 35

|

issue 3

71-85

EN

Introduction: Identifying cooperation in team games is a difficult process to implement. Thanks to the development of methods and techniques of game observation, it is possible to reliably and accurately identify and evaluate the actions of players. The collections of various analyzes are used to create pragmatic game models. There are several types of such models. The paper presents models representing effective cooperation in the game on the example of volleyball. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to identify mapping models of effective cooperation in the game, in the game positioning phase - in the element of receiving-passing the ball (serves). The second goal was to present the differences and similarities between observed teams. Material and methods: The work uses a method called qualitative study of unique cases, the research material consists of the four highest-ranked teams from Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympic Games. Results: Four different models of cooperation in receiving-passing the ball (serve) were identified. Each of them contains characteristic features visible in the figures. Conclusions: Various models of cooperation have been identified. Each team has a specific model of receiving-passing the ball (serve) due to the spatial flexibility. The models presented in the paper are effective because they show the cooperation of the best teams in the world.

Refine search results

The Effects of a Six-week Plyometric Training Program on the Stiffness of Anterior and Posterior Muscles of the Lower Leg in Male Volleyball Players

Changes of Reaction Time and Blood Lactate Concentration of Elite Volleyball Players During a Game

Anthropometric Characteristics of Volleyball Players with respect to Playing Positions: In Ethiopian Female Premier League

The influence of static stretching of specific lower limb muscle groups on the jump height parameter of volleyball players aged 16-17: a pilot study

The Effect of a 6-Week Plyometric Training on Explosive Power in Volleyball Players

Postural Control in Quiet Stance in the Second League Male Volleyball Players

Changes of Power-Velocity Relationship in Volleyball Players During an Annual Training Cycle

Functional movement screen proficiency of adolescent female volleyball players

The Structure of Ontogenetic Dispositions in Young Volleyball Players - European Cadet Volleyball Champions

Speed of Visual Sensorimotor Processes and Conductivity of Visual Pathway in Volleyball Players

The Effects of Acoustic Disturbance on Anaerobic Endurance in Female Volleyball Players

Defence Efficacy in Practice and Competition. A Case Study in Women’s Volleyball

FITNESS AND SOMATIC CONDITIONING OF A SPORTS LEVEL IN A WOMEN’S VOLLEYBALL TEAM AT THE CHAMPIONSHIP LEVEL

Is it Possible to Estimate Match Result in Volleyball: A new Prediction Model

An assessment of a volleyball player’s loads in a match on the basis of the number and height of jumps measured in real-time conditions

CUE USAGE IN VOLLEYBALL: A TIME COURSE COMPARISON OF ELITE, INTERMEDIATE AND NOVICE FEMALE PLAYERS

Game-Related Volleyball Skills that Influence Victory

Porównanie ustawienia łopatek, ruchomości stawu ramiennego i odcinka szyjnego kręgosłupa u siatkarzy i osób nietrenujących

H:Q Ratios and Bilateral Leg Strength in College Field and Court Sports Players

Identification of the Mapping Models of the Players Cooperation in Serve Reception in Volleyball