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1

Analysis of uropathogenic Escherichia coli biofilm formation under different growth conditions

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Adamus-Białek W., Kubiak A., Czerwonka G.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2015

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vol. 62

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issue 4

765-771

EN

The ability to form different types of biofilm enables bacteria to survive in a harsh or toxic environment. Different structures of biofilms are related to different surfaces and environment of bacterial growth. The aim of this study was analysis of the biofilm formation of 115 clinical uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains under different growth conditions: surface for biofilm formation, medium composition and time of incubation. The biofilm formation after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h was determined spectrophotometrically (A531) after crystal violet staining and it was correlated with bacterial growth (A600). The live and dead cells in biofilm structures was also observed on the glass surface by an epi-fluorescence microscope. Additionally, the presence of rpoS, sdiA and rscA genes was analyzed. The statistical significance was estimated by paired T-test. The observed biofilms were different for each particular strain. The biofilm formation was the highest in the rich medium (LB) after 24 h and its level hasn't changed in time. When biofilm level was compared to bacterial growth (relative biofilm) - it was higher in a minimal medium in comparison to enriched medium. These results suggest that most of the bacterial cells prefer to live in a biofilm community under the difficult environmental conditions. Moreover, biofilm formation on polyurethane surface did not correlate with biofilm formation on glass. It suggests that mechanisms of biofilm formation can be correlated with other bacterial properties. This phenomenon may explain different types of biofilm formation among one species and even one pathotype - uropathogenic Escherichia coli.

2

Overview on fosfomycin and its current and future clinical significance

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Chudzik-Rzad B., Andrzejczuk S., Rzad M., Tomasiewicz K., Malm A.

Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences

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2015

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vol. 28

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issue 1

33-36

EN

Fosfomycin is an old antibiotic with a unique chemical structure and with broadspectrum activity against numerous bacterial pathogens, both Gram-positive and Gramnegative, including resistant and multi-resistant strains. This antibiotic was accepted into clinical practice in the early 1970s. Its use, however, has been limited for several years for treating mainly lower uncomplicated urinary tract infections (in the form of fosfomycin trometamol taken orally). Nowadays, many clinicians and scientists are looking at this antibacterial drug for its employment in the treatment of severe infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria. Fosfomycin as an intravenous formulation (fosfomycin disodium) achieves clinically relevant concentrations in the serum and the cerebrospinal fluid, in kidney, bladder wall, prostate, lungs, bone and heart valves tissues, as well as in inflamed tissues and abscess fluid. The available clinical studies confirmed the efficacy of intravenous fosfomycin for the management of severe infections caused by multiresistant pathogens.

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Evaluation of clinical usefulness of serum neopterin determination in children with bacterial infections

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Plata-Nazar K., Luczak G., Liberek A., Dudzinska-Gehrmann J., Sznurkowska K., Landowski P., Kaminska B.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2015

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vol. 62

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issue 1

133-137

EN

Neopterin (NPT) (6-D-erythro-trihydroxypropyl pteridin) is one of the indicators of the immune system activity. Elevated neopterin concentration occurs in diseases mostly involving stimulation of cellular immunity. The determination of neopterin concentration, usually in blood serum and urine but also in many other bodily fluids, has already been applied in many areas of medicine, such as transfusiology, transplantology, oncology, infectious diseases and autoimmunological diseases. Objective. The aim of this work is to evaluate clinical usefulness of serum neopterin determination in children with urinary tract infections of confirmed bacterial etiology. Material. The study involved 56 children with bacterial urinary tract infections - patients of the Clinic of Paediatrics, Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Paediatric Nutrition of Medical University of Gdańsk in the years 2012-2013. The control group included 105 healthy children. Results. The values of NPT concentration in blood serum obtained in the group of children with urinary tract infections did not significantly differ from the values obtained in the control group. Conclusions. The determination of neopterin concentration in children with bacterial urinary tract infections is not a clinically useful parameter.

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COMPARATIVE IN VITRO STUDIES OF FURAZIDIN AND NITROFURANTOIN ACTIVITIES AGAINST COMMON UROPATHOGENS INCLUDING MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT STRAINS OF E. COLI AND S. AUREUS

88%

Klesiewicz K., Karczewska E., Nowak P., Mrowiec P. M., Skiba-Kurek I., Białecka J., Majka Z., Berdzik-Kalarus S., Budak A., Zajdel P.

Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research

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2018

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vol. 75

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issue 3

EN

Abstract: Urinary tract infections caused by wide range of pathogens including gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria as well as fungi are a severe public health problem. The predominant causative agent of both uncomplicated and complicated urinary tract infections is Escherichia coli. In an era of increasing bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents and a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains in community and hospital acquired infections, the re-evaluation of older generations of antimicrobial agents, such as nitrofuran derivatives, seems to be a reasonable approach. The aim of the study was to evaluate furazidin activity against common uropathogens in comparison to nitrofurantoin and other selected antimicrobial agents, routinely used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Furazidin exhibited lower MICs than nitrofurantoin when tested against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria including clinical MDR E. coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The MICs for furazidin ranged from 4 to 64 mg/L for Enterobacteriaceae strains, from 2 to 4 mg/L for gram-positive cocci, and 0.5 mg/L for anaerobic bacteria. The MICs for nitrofurantoin ranged from 16 to 64 mg/L for Enterobacteriaceae strains, from 8 to 64 mg/L for gram-positive cocci, and 4 mg/L for anaerobic bacteria. In addition, both nitrofurans displayed better activity against the tested bacterial strains than ciprofloxacin, fosfomycin, trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole. Nitrofuran derivatives displayed higher antimicrobial activity than other antimicrobial agents regardless of bacteria species or resistance mechanism.

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3D/4D contrast-enhanced urosonography (ceVUS) in children – is it superior to the 2D technique?

88%

Woźniak M. M., Osemlak P., Ntoulia A., Borzęcka H., Bieniaś B., Brodzisz A., Jędrzejewski G., Drelich-Zbroja A., Powerski M., Pech M., Wieczorek A. P.

Journal of Ultrasonography

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2018

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vol. 18

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issue 73

120-125

EN

Background: By now, two-dimensional contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (ceVUS) has become a well-established method for the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of vesicoureteral reflux in children, particularly after the recent approval for this application in children in the USA and in Europe. The introduction of three-dimensional static (3D) and real-time (4D) techniques with ultrasound contrast agents opens up new diagnostic opportunities for this imaging modality. Objective: To analyze whether 3D and 4D ceVUS is a superior technique compared to standard 2D ceVUS in diagnosing vesicoureteral reflux in children. Material and methods: The study included 150 patients (mean age 3.7 years) who underwent 2D and 3D/4D ceVUS for the diagnosis and grading of vesicoureteral reflux. Results: 2D ceVUS and 3D/4D ceVUS diagnosed the same number of vesicoureteral refluxes, however, there was a statistically significant difference in grading between the two methods. Performing 3D/4D ceVUS resulted in changing the initial grade compared to 2D ceVUS in 19 out of 107 refluxing units (17.76%) diagnosed. The 4D technique enabled a more conspicuous visualization of vesicoureteral reflux than the 3D technique. Conclusions: 2D ceVUS and 3D/4D ceVUS diagnosed the same number of vesicoureteral refluxes, however, there was a statistically significant difference in grading between the two methods. Thus 3D/4D ceVUS appears at least a valid, if not even a more conspicuous technique compared to 2D ceVUS.

PL

Wprowadzenie: Sonocystografia mikcyjna wykonywana techniką dwuwymiarową (2D) posiada ugruntowaną pozycję jako metoda diagnostyki i monitorowania leczenia odpływu pęcherzowo-moczowodowego u dzieci, szczególnie w kontekście uzyskanej niedawno rejestracji środka do stosowania w tym wskazaniu w USA i Europie. Wprowadzenie trójwymiarowych technik statycznych (3D) i dynamicznych (4D) z zastosowaniem ultrasonograficznych środków kontrastujących otwiera nowe możliwości diagnostyczne przed tą metodą obrazowania. Cel pracy: Celem pracy było określenie, czy sonocystografia mikcyjna 3D i 4D wnosi więcej informacji w porównaniu do standardowej sonocystografii mikcyjnej 2D w diagnostyce odpływu pęcherzowo-moczowodowego u dzieci. Materiał i metoda: Grupa badana obejmowała 150 pacjentów (średnia wieku 3,7 roku), którzy zostali poddani badaniu sonocystografii mikcyjnej 2D i 3D/4D w celu zdiagnozowania i oceny stopnia odpływu pęcherzowo-moczowodowego. Wyniki: Przy użyciu techniki 2D zdiagnozowano taką samą liczbę odpływów pęcherzowo-moczowodowych jak w badaniu 3D/4D. Istniała jednak statystycznie istotna różnica pomiędzy obiema metodami w aspekcie oceny stopnia odpływu. W 19 spośród 107 (17,76%) jednostek miedniczkowo-moczowodowych (JMM) ze zdiagnozowanym odpływem rozszerzenie badania o sonocystografię techniką 3D/4D skutkowało zmianą pierwotnego stopnia odpływu określonego na podstawie sonocystografii mikcyjnej 2D. Technika 4D umożliwiała uzyskanie obrazowania odpływu pęcherzowo-moczowodowego w sposób dokładniejszy niż technika 3D. Wnioski: Przy użyciu sonocystografii mikcyjnej 2D zdiagnozowano taką samą liczbę odpływów pęcherzowo-moczowodowych jak w przypadku techniki 3D/4D. Istniała jednak statystycznie istotna różnica pomiędzy obiema metodami w aspekcie oceny stopnia odpływu. Można zatem stwierdzić, iż sonocystografia mikcyjna 3D/4D to skuteczna technika diagnostyczna, która dodatkowo umożliwia bardziej dokładne w porównaniu z techniką 2D zobrazowanie odpływu, ułatwiając ocenę jego stopnia.

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Analysis of uropathogenic Escherichia coli biofilm formation under different growth conditions

Overview on fosfomycin and its current and future clinical significance

Evaluation of clinical usefulness of serum neopterin determination in children with bacterial infections

COMPARATIVE IN VITRO STUDIES OF FURAZIDIN AND NITROFURANTOIN ACTIVITIES AGAINST COMMON UROPATHOGENS INCLUDING MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT STRAINS OF E. COLI AND S. AUREUS

3D/4D contrast-enhanced urosonography (ceVUS) in children – is it superior to the 2D technique?