Full-text resources of PSJD and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Refine search results

Journals help
Years help
Authors help
Preferences help
enabled [disable] Abstract
Number of results

Results found: 23

Number of results on page
first rewind previous Page / 2 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  toxicity
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 2 next fast forward last
EN
Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the pattern and outcome of acute cholinesterase inhibitors substances (CIS) poisoning cases, in a cohort from a regional tertiary care hospital. Methods: cases admitted in the Toxicology Clinic of “Sf. Spiridon” Emergency Clinic Hospital Iasi, Romania between 1983 and 2013 were studied. Results: a total number of 606 patients were included. The reason for exposures was intentional in 70% of cases and the commonest route of poisoning was oral in 92.2%. The highest percent of cases was females (56.4), the age group 20-29 (25.4%) and the majority (66.7%) coming from rural areas, 28.2% being agricultural workers. 36.6% of cases were severe clinical forms. Overall mortality rates were 3.8%, more than half of the death patients (65.2%) had concomitant alcohol intake. It was a significant statistical association between decrease level of serum cholinesterase on admittance and severe forms (p 0.000) and between survival and deaths groups (p 0.000). The pattern of poisoning described by our retrospective study suggests that CIS poisoning are mainly preventable. The main effective goals for prevention are restriction in free accessibility to toxic pesticides, together with sustained efforts in education concerning the life-threatening danger of pesticide poisoning.
2
100%
EN
Aim: Technologies involved in roasting coffee beans, as well as the methods used to prepare infusions, vary according to culture, and contribute to differences in the concentration of elements in the drink. Materials and Methods: Concentrations of six elements: manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), chrome (Cr), silver (Ag) and lead (Pb) were investigated in coffee infusions from eleven samples of coffee, roasted and purchased in four countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Lebanon and Poland. Metal concentrations were determined using an induction coupled plasma technique in combination with mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, Perkin Elmer) which measures total metal (ionic and non-ionic) content. Results: Metal intake estimated for individual countries (in the respective order; mean consumption per person per year) was as follows: Mn: 26.8-33.1, 28.3-29.5, 29.7, 12.6-18.9 mg; Co: 0.33-0.48, 0.42-0.35, 0.32, 0.12-0.17 mg; Ni: 3.83-5.68, 4.85-5.51, 4.04, 2.06-2.24 mg; Cr: 0.17-0.41, 0.21-0.47, 0.17, 0.09-0.28 mg; Ag: 0.16-1.13, 0.26-0.70, 0.61, 0.33-1.54 mg, Pb: 4.76-7.56, 3.59-5.13, 3.33, 1.48-2.43 mg. Conclusions: This finding gives new data for Mn, Co, Ni, Cr, and Ag intake from coffee , and suggests that the amounts are negligible. However, the data for Pb consumption in heavy drinkers, for example in Bosnia and Herzegovina, indicate that Pb intake from coffee may contribute to the disease burden. The high lead level in some coffees suggests the need for a more precise control of coffee contamination.
OncoReview
|
2016
|
vol. 6
|
issue 3
A143-148
EN
Introduction: Everolimus is a selective mTOR inhibitor which received approval for treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) after progression on or after treatment with VEGF-targeted therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency and toxicity profile of everolimus in second line therapy of mRCC. The authors also assessed the impact of clinicopathological factors on the effectiveness of everolimus. Methods: The retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of 33 mRCC patients who were treated with everolimus in second line therapy after progression on interferon or tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sunitinib or pazopanib) during the years 2010–2016. Results: Median time of treatment with everolimus was 4 months (range from 1 to 58 months). Median progression free survival was 4 months and overall survival (OS) was 11 months. The best response (PR + CR + SD) was reported in 57% of patients. Toxicity in grade 3–4 was reported in 9 (27%) of patients. Clinicopathological factors associated with progression during everolimus therapy were: smoking and alcohol abuse (p = 0.029), higher Furman grade (p = 0.166), tumor necrosis (p = 0.383), fat tissue infiltration (p = 0.040), lymph node (p = 0.193) and adrenal metastases (p = 0.067). Factors which increase the risk of everolimus toxicity were worse performance status (p = 0.333) and more advanced disease at the beginning (lymph nodes metastases, p = 0.05) and higher Furman grade (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Cigarettes use and/or alcohol abuse, adrenal metastases, fat tissue had significantly negative influence on survival. Grade 3–4 toxicity were reported more frequently in patients with worse performance status and more advanced disease at the time of diagnosis.
EN
This study was carried out to monitor the presence of organochlorine in drainage water in Kafr-El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. Furthermore, to evaluate the efficiencies of different remediation techniques (advanced oxidation processes [AOPs] and bioremediation) for removing the most frequently detected compound (lindane) in drainage water. The results showed the presence of several organochlorine pesticides in all sampling sites. Lindane was detected with high frequency relative to other detected organochlorine in drainage water. Nano photo-Fenton like reagent was the most effective treatment for lindane removal in drainage water. Bioremediation of lindane by effective microorganisms (EMs) removed 100% of the lindane initial concentration. There is no remaining toxicity in lindane contaminated-water after remediation on treated rats relative to control with respect to histopathological changes in liver and kidney. Advanced oxidation processes especially with nanomaterials and bioremediation using effective microorganisms can be regarded as safe and effective remediation technologies of lindane in water.
EN
Studies on the currently used organophosphorus insecticides with respect to their environmental levels and effective remediation technologies for their residues in water have been considered as a source of major concern. This study was carried out to monitor the presence of organophosphorus in drinking water plants (Kafr-El-Shiekh, Ebshan, Elhamoul, Mehalt Aboali, Fowa, Balteem and Metobess) in Kafr-El-Shiekh Governorate, Egypt. Furthermore, it was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of different remediation technologies (advanced oxidation processes and bioremediation) for removing chlorpyrifos in drinking water. The results showed the presence of several organophosphorus pesticides in water sampling sites. Chlorpyrifos was detected with high frequency relative to other compounds in drinking water. Nano photo-Fenton like reagent (Fe2O3(nano)/H2O2/UV) was the most effective treatment for chlorpyrifos removal in drinking water followed by ZnO(nano)/H2O2/UV, Fe3+/H2O2/UV and ZnO/H2O2/ UV, respectively. Bioremediation of chlorpyrifos by effective microorganisms (EMs) removed 100% of the chlorpyrifos initial concentration after 23 days of treatment. There is no remaining toxicity in chlorpyrifos contaminated-water after remediation on treated rats with respect to cholinesterase activity and histological changes in kidney and liver relative to control. Advanced oxidation processes especially with nanomaterials and bioremediation with effective microorganisms can be regarded as safe and effective remediation technologies for chlorpyrifos in drinking water.
EN
Ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials has provided a new technical tool to improve lignocellulosic ethanol production. To evaluate the influence of the residual IL in the fermentable sugars from enzymatic hydrolysis of IL pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials on the subsequent ethanol fermentation, the toxicity of the IL 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) to Saccharomyces cerevisiae AY93161 was investigated. Firstly, the morphological structure, budding and metabolic activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae AY93161 at different [BMIM]Cl concentrations were observed under an optical microscope. The results show that its single cell morphology remained unchanged at all [BMIM]Cl concentrations, but its reproduction rate by budding and its metabolic activity decreased with the [BMIM]Cl concentration increasing. The half effective concentration (EC50) and the half inhibition concentration (IC50) of [BMIM]Cl to Saccharomyces cerevisiae AY93161 were then measured using solid and liquid suspension culture and their value were 0.53 and 0.39 g.L-1 respectively. Finally, the influence of [BMIM]Cl on ethanol production was investigated. The results indicate that the [BMIM]Cl inhibited the growth and ethanol production of Saccharomyces cerevisiae AY93161. This toxicity study provides useful basic data for further development in lignocellulosic ethanol production by using IL technology and it also enriches the IL toxicity data.
EN
Abstract: The main problem of modern cancer therapy is their resistance to the drugs used and the toxicity of drugs to healthy cells of the human body. Hope is natural substances that are protective of cells and often support the action of standard anticancer chemotherapy. Among them are selenium compounds. In the present study, we examined the cytotoxic and genotoxic potency of doxorubicin (DOX) metal complexes as new anticancer drug candidates. We also measured the effect of simultaneous administration of seleno –L-methionine as biologically active agent with DOX and its complexes with Mn, Mg, Fe, Co and Ni in prokaryotic model - Escherichia coli RFM443 with plasmid transcriptional fusion of recA promoter and luxCDABE as a reporter gene. The results obtained by us, indicate high biological activity of metal complexes with doxorubicin. The strongest modulatory effect was observed using the DOX complexes with Co and Ni compared to the DOX. The DOX complexes with Mg, Mn and Fe also showed relatively high biological activity. Simultaneous bacteria culture treatment with SeMet decreased the values of the DOX and its metal complexes cyto- and genotoxic parameters. These results encourage further research to assess the value of the doxorubicin metal complexes as new cytostatic drug candidates. While SeMet may be considered as therapeutic option in cancer treatment as modulation agent in anti-cancer therapy.
EN
Regimen-related mucosal toxicity is extremely common following cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Mucositis is as an important determinant of the inflammatory response and infectious complications in cancer treated patients. Most assessment scales for mucosal damage are focussed on oral mucositis, since it is easy to evaluate. Measuring gastrointestinal musocal damage objectively remains difficult because it cannot be seen directly or readily detected. One of potential non-invasive biomarkers of gastrointestinal mucosal damage is plasma citrulline level. Citrulline is an amino acid produced by small bowel enterocytes. Low concentration of free circulating citrulline signifies severe intestinal mucosal damage in humans with nonmalignant disorders, such as villous atrophy-associated diseases, short bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease, and is used in follow-up after small bowel transplantation. The plasma citrulline level is a reliable and objective biochemical marker of enterocyte mass and function in humans, and therefore can be used to monitor enterocyte toxicity resulting from chemotherapy and radiotherapy during anticancer therapy in patients with severely disturbed gut integrity.
EN
Naphthalene poisoning is an uncommon poisoning due to its pungent smell, taste, insolubility in water, and poor absorption from the gut following exposure to naphthalene-containing compounds such as mothballs. Paradichlorobenzene has been reported to dissolve more quickly in alcohol. Within a period of 48-96 hours following naphthalene mothball exposure patient presents with acute onset of non-bloody bilious vomiting, dark brown urine and watery diarrhoea. We present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge while treating a 27 years old male admitted to the intensive care unit with features of acute naphthalene-toxicity, methemoglobinemia and acute kidney injury following accidental ingestion of mothballs and ethyl alcohol. His vital signs at the time of intensive care unit admission included fever, tachycardia, and hypotension, and his laboratory workup demonstrates hyperbilirubinemia with indirect predominance, hemolytic anaemia, methemoglobinemia, and renal dysfunction. Treatment options include supportive care, red cell transfusion, ascorbic acid, methylene blue, and N-acetylcysteine. The importance of obtaining a careful history and clinical findings is of paramount importance, especially in making the right diagnosis and a successful outcome largely depends on it.
EN
Background. Dietary supplements (DS) are available over the counter, but patients with impaired renal function are specifically at risk for toxicity when consuming certain DS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of DS use in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Material and methods. A cross-sectional, controlled DS use survey (22 questions) was conducted among 180 CKD patients (stage 1-5, dialysis, kidney transplant), with 60 patients without CKD serving as controls. Results. DS use did not differ significantly between subjects with and without CKD, unless the CKD patients were on dialysis. In the CKD group, 20% admitted to use DS regularly and 22% did not take the mat all. In the controls, DS consumption was 17% and 13%, respectively (NS). The DS use was higher among women ascompared to men (89% vs. 70%; p < 0.005), and people living in cities versus those living in the country side (81% vs. 63%; p < 0.05). DS most commonly used were: vitamins, minerals, and herbs. Major indications for DS use included: musculoskeletal issues, general health improvement and prevention of urinary tract infections. Subgroup analyses revealed that dialysis patients were characterized by a significantly higher DS use in comparison to CKD stage 1-5 subjects and renal transplant recipients. The decision to introduce DS was made by the physician in 54% of cases; by a pharmacist in 9% of cases, and by the patients themselves in 37%. Only 21% of patients with CKD, and 27% of subjects without CKD, declared knowledge of any possible side-effects associated with DS (NS). Conclusions. The use of DS among patients with CKD is similar to patients without CKD, with the exception of those on dialysis. Vitamins and minerals were the most commonly reported DS consumed. The knowledge on potential side-effectof DS was limited to approximately one-fourth of those surveyed.
EN
Occupational exposures to environmental toxicants have been associated with the onset of skin lesions-including cancers. Identification and reduction of exposure to such compounds is an important public health goal. We examined the effect of cashew shell oil (CSO), used in skin tattooing for its potential to induce skin transformation in rats. Corn oil and CSO (25, 50, and 100%) were topically applied to depilated sections of Wistar' rat skin (groups: I-IV) for six weeks. Effect of treatments on serum transaminases activity, histological changes in hepatocytes and induction of micronuclei in the bone marrow were examined. In addition, CSO-induced hepatocyte proliferation was also quantified. All animals survived the course of the study. Reduced percentage change in body weight and physical trauma were observed in CSO-treated rat. The effects were more prominent in Group IV (100% CSO). Relative liver weights and number of hepatocytes (cells/mm2) increased significantly in groups II-IV relative to control (p < 0.05). Serum transaminases activities were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected in treated groups. Hepatic histopathology revealed moderate sinusoidal congestion (group II), in addition to portal congestion in (group III), with mononuclear cellular infiltration (group IV) animals. In addition, CSO induced significant micronuclei formation of polychromatic erythrocyte (mPCEs) in the rat bone marrow (p < 0.05) when compared with control. Topical application of CSO disrupted skin cells integrity resulting in physical trauma. In addition, CSO appears to be clastogenic and induces hepatocyte proliferation. Occupational exposure to CSO especially for engraving tattoos in humans should be discouraged and further studies need to be conducted.
EN
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analgesic, phytochemical screening, acute toxicity, and moisture content activity of the crude ethanolic seed extract of Cuminum cyminum and its n-hexane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and aqueous fraction. The ethanolic extract was used to the moisture content was found 43% evaluate analgesic, phytochemical screening, and moisture content activities. The analgesic activity was measured by acetic acid induced writhing test. The extract showed highly significant (p <0.001) analgesic activity with % inhibitions of writhing response at doses 250 mg/kg was 24.67% and 500 mg/kg was 36.95%. The moisture content was found to be 43%. The results of the study clearly indicate the present of analgesic, phytochemical screening and moisture content properties of the extract and its fractions. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, phenols, terpenoids and glycosides. Screening of analgesic property on mice by acetic acid induced method for crude extracts and its different fractions of Cuminum cyminum. At zero-hour test samples, control (1% Tween-80 solution in saline) and Diclofenac sodium were administered orally by means of a long needle with a ball shaped end. After 40 minutes acetic acid (1%) was administered intra- peritoneally to each of the animals of all the groups. The forty minutes interval between the oral administration of test materials and intra-peritoneal administration of acetic acid was given to assure proper absorption of the administered samples. Five minutes after the administration of acetic acid, number of squirms or writhing were counted for each mouse for ten minutes. Each mouse of all groups was observed individually for counting the number of writhing they made in 15 minutes commencing just 5 minutes after the Intra-peritoneal administration of acetic acid solution. Full writhing was not always accomplished by the animal, because sometimes the animals started to give writhing but they did not complete it. This incomplete writhing was considered as half-writhing. Accordingly, two half writhing were taken as one full writhing. In conclusion the ethanolic extract of C. cyminum seeds showed predominately showed significant analgesic activity.
EN
In this study a possibility of obtaining sorbents from basketry wastes has been investigated. Therefore, adsorption of cadmium ions on wicker bark of Salix americana has been studied. The obtained experimental results were described by the Freundlich equation and adsorption kinetics by the pseudo-second order equation. The effect of pH on cadmium ions adsorption by S. americana was also investigated. It has been found that for the pH values ranging from 2 to 7 cadmium removal from the solution was held at almost constant level.
20
63%
EN
Porous anodic alumina (PAA) is a biomaterial based on a cost-effective electrochemical anodization of pure aluminum with unique geometrical properties, i.e., self-ordering hexagonal pore distribution, tunable pore diameters and interpore distances, and uniformity of the pores in the vertical direction (nanochannels). These remarkable properties have found important applications in several fields such as energy storage, optics, photonics, magnetism, catalysis and, in particular, in the biomedicine field. In this work, we review the current state of research and key issues on cell culture and implants, drug delivery systems with complex release profiles and specific action, and high efficiency and sensitivity biosensors with different biosensing mechanisms, all of them based on PAA. The biocompatibility, morphology of the surface, nanoestructural engineering in-depth, surface functionalization and coatings are discussed and analyzed in detail.
first rewind previous Page / 2 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.