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EN
On 1st June 1975 a new two-tier administrative division of the country was introduced creating 49 new provinces. One of the newly created provinces was sieradzkie. On the territory of the sieradzkie province the development of tourism was coordinated and supervised by the department for physical education and tourism (the name of the department during the period changed repeatedly). The main factors for the development of tourism in the sieradzkie province included: the amount of funding spent on tasks related to tourism, tourism infrastructure (accommodation and catering), qualified tourist staff, as well as activities in the field of information and promotion of tourism.
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Introduction. The objective of this paper is to investigate the position of tourism in the committee structure of the local councils of Hungarian local governments. Material and methods. The data were sourced from websites of the settlements concerned and all the results obtained statistically evaluated using the method of descriptive statistics. Results. From the data available, we can clearly determine the role of tourism in the committees of local governments, as well as the direction of changes after the 2010 election. The results also clearly identified the factors that determine the role of tourism in local council committees and the sectors that constitute the same committees with tourism. Conclusions. The role of tourism in committees of local councils is fundamentally unfavourable and the situation deteriorated after the 2010 election. The role of tourism in committees of local councils is closely related to the size of the population and the role of tourism in the given settlements.
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vol. 57
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44-57
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In recent years sport has become a phenomenon of large dimensions and it is an important resource for the development of a local context (Hautbois, Desbordes, 2008; Maier, Weber, 1993; Weed, Bull, 2004). The combination of physical and sports practices within a natural environment (outdoor) broadens the range of activities that people can choose in their free time (nordic walking, hiking, rediscovering rural districts, walking and cycling in urban spaces, etc.). The demand of this kind of activities is continuously evolving. Sports tourism is a new opportunity for the development of tourism offer. Cities, regions, rural areas, etc. through the exploitation of local resources, vocations and specializations can promote a destination in terms of reputation and tourism flows. This research aims to stimulate a reflection on the role that the synergies between tourism and sport, combined with the use of resources, services and local products (cultural and artistic paths, local artefacts, wine tastings, etc.) may have for the development of a specific territory and its socio-economic environment.
EN
Tourism, especially adventure tourism, is the best form of physical activity, regardless of age, gender and wealth. It is one of the most important and most accessible forms of active recreation. Although socio-economic transformation in the early 1990s had a profound influence on the development of tourism in Poland, for some social groups tourism is still a luxury. The situation of rural women in this regard is particularly difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tourist activity of rural women and find out its main determinants. To achieve these objectives, a survey was conducted among women living in the villages of Koszewo, Pęzino and Kunowo (district of Stargard Szczeciński, West Pomerania). The study showed the increased level of education of rural women and their improved standards of living, clearly reflected in the increased awareness of healthy leisure activities. Analysis of ways of spending vacations by women living in rural areas showed that it depended on their economic activity but not on education. Going abroad for vacations and frequency of trips outside the place of residence depended on both education and economic activity of the surveyed women.
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When touring a region, one of the things previous generations certainly overlooked were the industrial areas. With the exception of the old saltmine "Wieliczka" in the south of Poland, industrial heritage was mainly unknown. Industrial landscape (mills, factories with chimneys emitting all-blackening smoke, poverty-stricken workers' houses) have been regarded with dislike and considered grim.Using the example of Warsaw's industrial heritage revitalization projects, we examined already modernized historic buildings, which sought to respond to tourist and leisure needs (museums, art galleries, cultural centres). We were interested in their new functions and meanings for urban space quality. We wanted to consider how much revitalized architecture help to change (socially, culturally, economically) declining areas and their painful "inner-city" image (Thorns 2001). Our research (carried out in 2005-2006) covered nine historic industrial compounds, already converted and having new functions. Results of our inquiry polls (taken in 2005-2006) confirmed the thesis, that revitalized historic industrial architecture might enrich urban space with values visible in many dimensions: social, historical, aesthetical and economic (Evans 2005). Although selected and studied cases in Warsaw were not completed equally successfully, due to the objective barriers or carelessness in the planning process, all show good results in space quality and cultural services improvement, appreciated by the local community members and visitors relevantly.Once neglected run-down Warsaw districts (Wola, Praga) now draw benefits from new identities, attracting tourists and enhancing the local community's sense of belonging and well-being. Similar cases were described by scholars after studies in other European cities (Jones 2006).
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Tourism through the Eyes of the Holy See

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The Vatican's vision of tourism is based on Christian humanism, integral humanism and personalism. At the very core of the vision are human beings, who are not only the creators of tourism but also its ultimate goal, and for this reason all values of the natural world should be unconditionally subordinated to the good that are people. Consequently, the fundamental goal of tourism is to satisfy the needs of exploration, relaxation, entertainment and, first and foremost, the spiritual and intellectual needs of every person. Tourism has to help build a sense of community. It should also contribute to the elimination of poverty and foster the sense of responsibility for the environment. Tourism must not be exclusive to the rich and it should never be a time of depravity, promiscuity and, consequently, the degradation of people. Tourism should become an opportunity for all people to discover their contemplative dimension, giving them a chance to see God in nature and first of all, in other people.
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The article shows the fact that the concept of scientific discourse is interpreted as a complex phenomenon that consists of participants in communication, communication situations and the text itself. The conclusion is that discourse is an abstract invariant description of structural and semantic features that are realized in specific texts. Linguists interpret the concept of discourse as a complex communicative phenomenon that includes the speaker and the addressee of the message, the process of proper formation of speech, extralingual factors of communication, social and cultural background. This article presents a critical reading of the text “10 Best places to visit in Ukraine” and its overlook, research study in the field of online tourism promotion, published online in 2021 by one of the world’s largest tourism publishing houses, Touropia. The study aims at revising some of the characteristics of the ongoing tourism discourse through an analysis of the network of people and practices involved in these publications, their textual features and images. The article analyses the way in which various modes to create a virtual brochure with a promotional message from both institutional and commercial positions were combined. In doing this, it studies the organization of the website and its webpage, as well as the lexico-grammatical and visual features of its promotional messages. The analytical framework used includes critical discourse analysis and a corpus-based tool used to interpret different aspects of this tourism discourse. The places advertised as “Top 10” are presented to an all-aged audience that must be interested in discovering new places, appreciated to nature, fond of history and ready to consume national products. Polyparadigmatic nature has led to the active use of these terms in the field of literature, as a result of which scientific studies address issues of artistic concept, artistic discourse, which will always be open to researchers, while not exhausting its relevance.
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This paper is a photographic summary of a scientific and touristic expedition carried out in August 2011 in Wyoming State, U.S. to know the natural beauties of the different ecosystems and the structure of the Yellowstone National Park. The photos show some of the Park and wilderness areas structures, important geological formations, and some of the species of flora and fauna registered.
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This paper presents the super beauty of the Colorado River Canyon and the social aspect in Arizona, USA. The illiteracy known in the world and existing in the USA on the example of Arizona is also presented in this paper. It is hard to agree that Americans are a smart nation. It can only be said that the society is now genetically different from Europe, etc. Widespread and pervasive illiteracy in the USA is a classic that is caused only by social policy in the USA. The expedition took place in May 2008.
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Introduction: Bariatric procedures are becoming more popular worldwide. We present a current situation of foreign patients treated by high-volume bariatric surgeons in Poland in 2016. Material and Methods: We sent an online survey to twenty high-volume bariatric surgeons. The questionnaire regarded the year 2016. We asked for number and types of bariatric procedures performed or supervised, number of foreign bariatric patients, their qualification process, country of origin, types of procedure, and post-op recommendations. Results: We received 9 surveys (45%). Five surgeons performed or supervised from 100 to 300 bariatric procedures, 2 performed or supervised over 300 procedures, 2 performed or supervised from 50 to 100 procedures. All of the respondents performed laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic gastric bypass (LRYGB), four carried out mini gastric bypass, two – gastric banding (LAGB), one – SADI-S and duodenal switch (DS). Six surgeons operated on the total of 64 foreign patients, mainly performing LSG, LRYGB and mini gastric bypass. Most of the patients were qualified based on international criteria [body mass index (BMI) over 40 kg/m2 or BMI over 35 kg/m2 with comorbidities]. United Kingdom was the most popular country of origin, followed by Germany, USA, Ireland and Sweden. Qualification for surgery was based on a personal visit. After surgery, 83.3% (n = 5) of the respondents gave out discharge documents in English, recommending long-term bariatric follow-up in the country of origin. Every respondent carried out 3-month personal follow-up of every foreign patient. Conclusions: Foreign bariatric patients travelling to Poland are qualified for surgery according to known international standards. Most of the patients receive post-op discharge documents in English, with a 3-month follow-up performed by their surgeon. Further bariatric supervision in the country of origin is routinely recommended.
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Sports Tourism

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Introduction. This article is devoted to sports tourism. The purpose of this article is to examine theoretical material on sports tourism, to analyze sports tourism in Russia and to search for promising areas for the study of sports tourism in our country. Material and methods. In this part the authors develop the idea of the role of doing sports and keeping fit. For anyone who really wants to be healthy, fitness has become an integral part of their lives. Results. The purpose of this research is to study theoretical material on sports tourism, to analyze sports tourism in Russia and to search for promising areas for the study of sports tourism in our country. On the basis of their research the authors come to the conclusion that sports and tourism are interconnected. There are important factors affecting the situation of sports tourism in Russia. The paper examines sports tourism attractions in Russia. Conclusion. The authors conclude that there exists a high correlation dependence of foreign and domestic development of sports tourism on resources allocated for sports infrastructure. All in all, sports tourism tours draw visitors to their favorite sporting event, facility, or destination throughout the world.
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The study was conducted in northern France at the sport management department at the University of Lille. It attempts to highlight the type of summer vacation of its students. Previous studies have shown the modalities of mobility (Urry, 2000; Seewer, 2004). Although models exist to explain destination choice, many of these have limitations, including the assumption of a rational consumer and a focus on the functional attributes of travel and tourism (Lewis, Kerr, & Pomering, 2010). However, few studies handle the behavior of consumption of students during their holidays, especially the sports students. In making their travel decisions, consumers assess the attractiveness of a destination (Sirakaya et al., 2001). Positive associations with a destination increase the likelihood of selection (Woodside & Lyson-ski, 1989). The main hypothesis concerned the type of sports that students were engaged while on vacation. That is, we postulated that students also practiced sport during their vacation time. The second hypothesis concerned the mobility that these students should be accustomed to in order to travel in competitions abroad or at least away from home. The study was conducted in a quantitative manner, with questionnaires (N=451). The main results are based on 451 Physical Education (PE) students from the area of Lille, France, who participated in this study. In this population, 55.2% were single, 44.8% were married or in a relationship (10.2% had children). Initial results show that the average household income per month is about EUR 2,500; over 74% of them go on holiday for two weeks, on average. These students are coming from wealthy families. When they say that they are “going on vacation”, a majority of them (68.7%) indicate that the main reason is to relax. Contrary to the announced hypothesis, few PE students (4.9%) wish to practice physical activities during the holiday. Independently, we noticed that a majority of student (79.5%) preferred a single destination when the purpose was to make cultural trips (51.5%). However, the question of the budget remains an issue and they favor (78%) being hosted in the cheapest accommodations. For instance, the accommodations concerned are mostly camping or holiday villages. These findings can be interesting to satisfy this kind of demand and help providers build better strategies.
EN
The 21st century, especially its second decade, is a period of very dynamically developing science and technology, which is particularly manifested in many discoveries and inventions. The development of medical sciences, biotechnology, cybernetics, and computer science are making important progress. Industrial robots and other machines carry out programmed work by specialists faster, more precisely and economically than workers. Currently, there is no problem with smartphones to book a plane ticket, accommodation in a hotel, order a taxi or set the shortest route to the holiday destination. Unfortunately, adverse effects of technological progress are also observed, e.g. loss of workplaces caused by the introduction of new production technologies, loosening of social bonds, loneliness and depression of the individual, etc. The aim of the conducted research was to get to know the respondents’ opinions on selected problems related to modern technology in meeting the needs in the field of tourism and recreation and the impact of modern technology on the tourist labor market. The research group was narrowed down to students studying at the Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion of the University. Its participants were first- and second-cycle students − a total of 211 people aged 18 to 25 (58 women and 153 men). According to our research, the 92.16% of the respondents use the services available via the Internet, for example for shopping. The 85.29% of the respondents are not afraid of the risk of losing their job to modern technologies. Our research presented in this article shows that the vast majority of the respondents perceive the negative impact of the development of modern technologies on the labor market related to tourism and recreation. In order to stay on such a labor market, employees should constantly acquire new qualifications and be ready for a change of their job at multiple times during their careers.
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This paper is a photographic summary of a cultural expedition in September 2008 in Romania to learn a little about this incredible country's natural and historical-cultural beauties. The photos show some medieval cities, fortifications, castles, monasteries, museums, and churches with iconographic paintings registered.
EN
Introduction. Promotion in managing local government units constitutes a significant element of communication with various groups of stakeholders, mainly with inhabitants and tourists. This instrument is playing a more and more significant role in the competition for limited resources. Therefore, its significance for territorial marketing is growing. The aim of the study was to identify the directions and range of promotional activity undertaken by communes taking into account their type and financial resources devoted to fulfilling tasks within this area and to define their competitive position. Material and methods. The research was conducted in compliance with the principles of indirect measurement method and data were collected with the use of a questionnaire. Additionally, statistical methods and the author's own method of “assessing promotional position” of local government units were used. The analysis included results obtained from 50 communes from eastern Poland (27 rural, 10 urban and 13 urban-rural communes). Results and conclusions. The research made it possible to identify the competitive position of a commune concerning its promotional activity aimed at inhabitants and tourists, taking into account its territorial range. Additionally, differences in using particular promotional tools were revealed and differences concerning the territorial range and segments which the activities undertaken by the communes are aimed at were noted. The calculations showed the correlation between money spent on promotion by the examined units and their general revenue.
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Tracing the Life and Work of August Rozental

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Introduction. The objective of this paper was to provide an overview of the life and work of a Polish artist and painter, August Rozental, who lived and worked in Bulgaria in the late 19th and early 20th century and is completely unknown in Poland. Documentation of his work may be of interest to both art historians and Polish travel agencies, the latter for marketing purposes. Material and methods. In searching for reliable information, the focus remained on historical, icono-graphic and epigraphic sources. Archival and museum collections were consulted, as were academic libraries, periodicals and internet sites (Polish, Bulgarian, Serbian and Russian). The information thus obtained was verified on the basis of three interviews with museology specialists. Results. The information was presented in terms of a description of the location and marketing product, to address the needs of cultural tourism. Consequently, the descriptions focus primarily on the artist's surviving works and their locations in monasteries in and around Sofia. Along the way, interesting information was discovered regarding the accomplishments of his brother Juliusz, a poet, and their father August, a doctor who years earlier was exiled to Siberia along with his family. Original, newly discovered documents containing personal information about August Rozental (the painter) are also presented. Conclusion. The research confirms his Polish origins and documents the current locations of his most interesting works of art. This makes them easily accessible to both specialists and tourists interested in the subject.
EN
Marine debris has emerged as a global issue that poses risk to environment systems. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of marine debris in Savu Sea Marine National Park, particularly in Kupang City, Rote Island, and Ndana Island (which are transboundary islands in the Australian and the Indian Ocean). Six beaches were assessed on this study, which comprised of total 12 transects. Debris collected from sampling sites weighed 52.14 kg, with abundance 4.447 ± 1.131 kg/m2 and 215.417 ± 35.609 item/m2. Most debris pieces were accumulated on high tide line and the area that many residents passed through. In terms of type, food wrapper and plastic bag dominated the debris composition due to their occurrence in every transect. It is strongly suggested that beached debris in Kupang and Rote was sourced from the population activities, whereas in Ndana was transported from other places via ocean currents.
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Introduction. Competitive advantage determines the success of modern enterprises, such as hospitality companies, on the market. In turn, competitive advantage is gained as the result of skillful management, taking into account the factors that characterize the company environment. In the management process, methods and concepts that, when properly applied, facilitate the company's innovative activities play the key role, thus contributing to building competitive advantage. The purpose of this paper is to specify and characterize the methods and management concepts most commonly used by hospitality companies in the process of building competitive advantage. The core benefit of these considerations is that they serve to identify those activities of hospitality companies in which the analyzed methods and concepts found practical application. The final part of the article is devoted to an attempt to identify barriers and problems that significantly limit the use of these methods and concepts. Material and methods. In order to achieve this objective, a survey and interviews were carried out in all three- and four-star hotels in the Rzeszów area in the first quarter of 2012. Results. The results revealed that the concept most commonly used by hoteliers was knowledge-based organization (knowledge management), followed by outsourcing, benchmarking and internal competition, respectively. Conclusions. The study also demonstrated that the managers of these hospitality companies significantly lacked substantive knowledge of emerging “market” management methods and concepts.
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This work is to present the documentation of scientific and tourist expedition to Haikou city and surroundings on Hainan Island, south China, which took place in July 2007. The main aim of this expedition was to take part in the Fifteenth Annual International Conference on Composites/Nano Engineering (ICCE-15). The second aim of this expedition was to document the beuty of Haikou city and landscapes of the surrounding area. Haikou city is modern, clean with large skyscrapers, which is constantly developing. Red and yellow are dominating colors in the city. South of the Haikou city is densely overgrown with tropical vegetation, with humid climate. About 15 kilometers south of the Haikou city there is Haikou Volcanic Cluster Global Geopark, as a tourist attraction visited by domestic and foreign tourists.
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