Search results

1

Simultaneous determination of 223 pesticides in tobacco by GC with simultaneous electron capture and nitrogen-phosphorous detection and mass spectrometric confirmation

100%

Lozowicka B., Rutkowska E., Hrynko I.

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issue 1

EN

LSE (liquid-solid extraction), MSPD (matrix solid phase dispersion) and QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) extractions followed by GC-μECD/NPD to determine 223 pesticide residues in tobacco simultaneously were developed and compared. The identities of ten model pesticides were confirmed by GC-MS/MS. The type and amount of dispersant (Florisil, silica gel and alumina), sample mass, cleanup adsorbent, and the eluent (hexane, acetone and acetonitrile) were optimized. Linearity, recovery, LOQ, LOD, and matrix effect were compared. Most recoveries were 71−120% (RSD < 18%). LOD and LOQ were much lower than the CORESTA GRLs. The best method was QuEChERS: acetonitrile extraction and dispersive solid-phase extraction using primary-secondary amine and graphitized carbon.

2

Tobacco smoking – popularity and main trends on research

100%

Bartoń A., Knysak J., Bębenek P., Kośmider L.

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vol. 17

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issue 4

7-18

EN

Each year smoking leads to the premature death of over 5 million people around the world. However, the tobacco industry took actions like introducing cigarettes which contain less nicotine and tar aimed at not only maintaining the old clientele, but also attracting a new one. The knowledge of the adverse health effects of smoking became widespread in the second half of the 20th century and changed attitudes towards smoking. In recent years, in many markets in the world a new device representing an alternative to tobacco products was introduced. Electronic cigarettes are designed to deliver nicotine into the respiratory system in the form of an aerosol. They have been gaining more and more popularity, as evidenced by the increase in the percentage of users as well as in the numbers of publications about them. Currently, opinions are divided and the e-cigarette has almost as many supporters as opponents. All this resembles the situation concerning conventional cigarettes in the 20th century. The aim of the study is to gather the most significant information concerning, on the one hand, the spreading popularity of tobacco smoking and, on the other, the research topics undertaken by contemporary scientists, as well as the government actions meant to protect from dangers of nicotine addiction in the 20th and 21st century. New developments of products containing this highly addictive substance call for systematic research in the interest of public health.

PL

Palenie tytoniu jest przyczyną śmierci około 5 milionów ludzi rocznie na całym świecie. Wiedza na temat szkodliwego wpływu palenia na zdrowie stała się powszechna w drugiej połowie XX wieku. Jednak na przestrzeni lat przemysł tytoniowy podejmował działania mające na celu utrzymanie starych i pozyskanie nowych konsumentów. Jednym z nich było wprowadzenie na rynek papierosów o obniżonej zawartości nikotyny i substancji smolistych. W ostatnich latach na wielu światowych rynkach pojawiły się urządzenia zwane elektronicznymi papierosami. Zostały one zaprojektowane, jako produkt alternatywny do konwencjonalnych papierosów dostarczając nikotynę w formie aerozolu do organizmu użytkownika. Cieszą się one coraz większą popularnością, na co wskazuje wysoki odsetek ich użytkowników oraz ilość ukazujących się na ich temat publikacji. Obecnie zdania są podzielone i elektroniczne papierosy mają wielu zwolenników jak i przeciwników. Przypomina to sytuację dotyczącą konwencjonalnych papierosów z XX wieku. W pracy zebrano najistotniejsze informacje na temat rozpowszechnienia palenia, jak i informacje na temat działań podejmowanych przez rządy oraz naukowców w celu ochrony zdrowia publicznego. Wiedza ta może być przydatna w nadchodzących latach ze względu na pojawiającą się szeroką gamę produktów takich jak elektroniczne papierosy, zawierających substancję uzależniającą, jaką stanowi nikotyna.

3

Isolation of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia cDNAs encoding isoforms of serine acetyltransferase and O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase in a yeast two-hybrid system with Escherichia coli cysE and cysK genes as baits.

88%

Liszewska F., Gaganidze D., Sirko A.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2005

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vol. 52

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issue 1

117-128

EN

We applied the yeast two-hybrid system for screening of a cDNA library of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia for clones encoding plant proteins interacting with two proteins of Escherichia coli: serine acetyltransferase (SAT, the product of cysE gene) and O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase A, also termed cysteine synthase (OASTL-A, the product of cysK gene). Two plant cDNA clones were identified when using the cysE gene as a bait. These clones encode a probable cytosolic isoform of OASTL and an organellar isoform of SAT, respectively, as indicated by evolutionary trees. The second clone, encoding SAT, was identified independently also as a "prey" when using cysK as a bait. Our results reveal the possibility of applying the two-hybrid system for cloning of plant cDNAs encoding enzymes of the cysteine synthase complex in the two-hybrid system. Additionally, using genome walking sequences located upstream of the sat1 cDNA were identified. Subsequently, in silico analyses were performed aiming towards identification of the potential signal peptide and possible location of the deduced mature protein encoded by sat1.

4

The comparative analysis of amount of exhaled carbon monoxide as an indicator of smoking among students of selected universities in Wroclaw

88%

Pirogowicz I., Grychowska N., Pirogowicz A., Patyk M., Gojny Ł., Łukasik T., Woźnica E., Popecki P., Stawiany M.

Medycyna Środowiskowa - Environmental Medicine

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2013

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vol. 16

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issue 4

52-56

EN

Background: The aim of this study is to compare the amount of exhaled carbon monoxide which can be an indicator of the phenomenon of tobacco smoking among youngsters in a group of students of Wroclaw’s universities. Materials and methods: The study was performed on 347 students living in dormitories of four Wroclaw universities: Wroclaw Medical University, University of Wroclaw, University of Physical Education and Technical University. Every tested student underwent a measurement of quantities of exhaled carbon monoxide by a Micro Medical Smoke Check device. Every participant took part in an anonymous survey, which was divided into three parts (for smokers/non-smokers/ex-smokers) and included exposure to tobacco smoke, length of time smoking etc. Results: No difference in the amount of exhaled CO between students of particular universities was observed. The Smoke Check measurements are higher in actively smoking students compared to nonsmokers. The results are higher in students declaring passive smoking compared with those not exposed to tobacco smoke at all. No difference in level of CO between genders and particular age groups was observed. Conclusions: Despite higher health awareness, students of the Medical University and University of Physical Education reach for cigarettes as often as the other tested students. Male students smoke as often as female students and CO result was not dependent on age.

PL

Wstęp: Celem pracy jest porównanie ilości wydychanego tlenku węgla przez studentów wybranych uniwersytetów we Wrocławiu, jako wskaźnika pomocnego przy ocenie zjawiska palenia tytoniu u młodzieży studiującej. Materiały i metody: Badanie przeprowadzono wśród 347 studentów zamieszkujących domy studenckie czterech wrocławskich uczelni: Uniwersytetu Medycznego, Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego i Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Zbadano ilość wydalanego tlenku węgla z użyciem urządzenia Micro Medical Smoke Check. Każdy uczestnik wziął udział z ankiecie dotyczącej jego kontaktu z dymem tytoniowym. Wyniki: Nie zaobserwowano różnić w ilości wydychanego CO między studentami różnych uczelni. Wyniki były najwyższe w grupie osób aktywnie palących. Grupa osób biernie palących wydalała więcej CO niż osoby nie deklarujące narażenia na dym tytoniowy. Nie zauważono różnic między grupą mężczyzn i kobiet, jak i między różnymi grupami wiekowymi. Wnioski: Pomimo większej świadomości zdrowotnej, studenci Uniwersytetu Medycznego i Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego sięgają po papierosa częściej, niż pozostali. Kobiety okazały się palić równie często, jak mężczyźni. Nie zaobserwowano różnic w ilości wydalanego CO między płciami.

5

Morphological Changes in Two Tobacco and Petunia Cultivars under Exposure to Tropospheric Ozone

88%

Borowiak K.

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vol. 55

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issue 1

6

Effects of Nicotiana Tobaccum Extract Additive on the Quality of Electroplating of Zinc on Mild Steel

88%

Loto C. A., Loto R. T.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2013

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vol. 15

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issue 1

38-45

EN

Experimental investigations have been performed to determine the effects of nicotiana tobaccum (tobacco) extract additive on the electrodeposition of zinc on mild steel in acid chloride solution. The experiments were performed under different plating time, different additive concentrations and fixed pH conditions. Zinc electrodeposition on mild steel was performed using a DC - supply at defined operating parameters. The surface of the plated steel was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM); and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) for the surface elemental composition analysis. Different surface characteristics were obtained depending upon the concentration of the additive and the plating time. The corrosion resistance of the plated surface was also determined by a gravimetric method. The quality of the electro-deposition of zinc was good as indicated by the microstructural morphology of the plated surface except for the few porosities observed. The electrodeposition process was sensitive to the changes in the additive concentration and plating time. Any variation in the plating parameter produced an entirely new and different surface morphology.

7

Polyadenylation and decay of 26S rRNA as part of Nicotiana tabacum response to cadmium

88%

Lewandowska M., Borcz B., Kamińska J., Wawrzyński A., Sirko A.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2007

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vol. 54

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issue 4

747-755

EN

In contrast to mRNAs, ribosomal RNAs are generally not considered to be polyadenylated. Only a few recent reports describe non-abundant polyadenylated rRNA-related transcripts that have been detected and characterized in yeast and in human cells. Here we depict the phenomenon of 26S rRNA polyadenylation and degradation that was observed in shoots of Nicotiana tabaccum plants grown in the presence of cadmium. Fragments corresponding to 26S rRNA were identified using suppression subtractive hybridization during screening for genes induced in tobacco plants upon a three-week exposure to 15 µM cadmium chloride. Extracts prepared from the above-ground tissues of cadmium-treated tobacco plants were supposed to contain exclusively polyadenylated mRNAs. Surprisingly, numerous polyadenylated fragments matching parts of 26S rRNA were identified and their presence was confirmed by Northern blot and cDNA amplification techniques. To our knowledge this is the first report on rRNA polyadenylation in plants.

8

Green tobacco sickness – A brief review

75%

Reddy M. N. T., Ashok N.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2019

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vol. 24

209-214

EN

Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS) has been one of the unexplored areas of occupational health safety. Green Tobacco Sickness is caused by the absorption of nicotine through the skin from wet tobacco plants who have direct contact with tobacco plants during cultivation and harvesting. The present review was carried out to discuss the etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of GTS. It is caused by the absorption of nicotine through the skin while the workers are engaged in handling the uncured tobacco leaves. The symptoms include nausea, vomiting, pallor, dizziness, headaches, increased perspiration, chills, abdominal pain, diarrhea, increased salivation, prostration, weakness, breathlessness, and occasional lowering of blood pressure. The use of personal protective equipment like water‑resistant clothing, chemical‑resistant gloves, plastic aprons, and rain‑suits with boots should be used by the tobacco farmers to prevent its occurrence. An international‑level awareness campaign has to be taken up and more stringent workers safety regulations have to be formulated.

Refine search results

Simultaneous determination of 223 pesticides in tobacco by GC with simultaneous electron capture and nitrogen-phosphorous detection and mass spectrometric confirmation

Tobacco smoking – popularity and main trends on research

Isolation of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia cDNAs encoding isoforms of serine acetyltransferase and O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase in a yeast two-hybrid system with Escherichia coli cysE and cysK genes as baits.

The comparative analysis of amount of exhaled carbon monoxide as an indicator of smoking among students of selected universities in Wroclaw

Morphological Changes in Two Tobacco and Petunia Cultivars under Exposure to Tropospheric Ozone

Effects of Nicotiana Tobaccum Extract Additive on the Quality of Electroplating of Zinc on Mild Steel

Polyadenylation and decay of 26S rRNA as part of Nicotiana tabacum response to cadmium

Green tobacco sickness – A brief review