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1
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The Contest Effectiveness of the Men's National Judo Team of Japan, and Character of Their Technical-Tactical Preparation during the World Judo Championships 2010

100%
Adam M., Tyszkowski S., Smaruj M.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2011
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vol. 3
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issue 1
65-74
EN
Background: The aim of our research was to determine the contest effectiveness of Japanese judo competitors and to state the quantitative an qualitative indices of the tactical-technical preparation (PTT). The values of these indices may be used for controlling the process of special preparation.Material/Methods: Medal classification of the national teams from all Olympic Games and World Championships, and contest effectiveness of the national teams during 2007-2010 were determined. The analysis of PTT indices of 16 Japanese competitors was carried out. They fought 78 contests during the World Championships 2010. Predominant techniques were described. The selected indices have been assessed.Results: Japanese competitors prevailed over their opponents in the men's group during the Olympic Games and the World Championships. After changing sport rules in judo, they overcame their poor performance within 2007-2009, and they have become leaders in world's judo. Japanese competitors are highly effective in leg throws, especially in such throws as: uchimata, osoto gari, and kouchi gari as well as seoi nage (although this throw is a hand technique). They executed throws forwards and mainly by means of pivot. Japanese competitors had a positive value of activity indices and high indices of defense.Conclusions: Sport results achieved by Japanese judo competitors prove their high contest performance and the dominating position in judo competitions. Among their dominating techniques, we can see leg techniques performed by pivoting and breaking balance forwards on toes. They are also effective in executing grappling techniques such as holdings (immobilizations) for example. During the World Championships in 2010 Japanese competitors were characterized by a positive value of activity indices and high indices of defence.
2
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Effectiveness of the Call in Beach Volleyball Attacking Play

100%
Künzell S., Schweikart F., Köhn D., Schläppi-Lienhard O.
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2014
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vol. 44
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issue 1
183-191
EN
In beach volleyball the setter has the opportunity to give her or his hitter a “call”. The call intends that the setter suggests to her or his partner where to place the attack in the opponent’s court. The effectiveness of a call is still unknown. We investigated the women’s and men’s Swiss National Beach Volleyball Championships in 2011 and analyzed 2185 attacks. We found large differences between female and male players. While men called in only 38.4% of attacks, women used calls in 85.5% of attacks. If the male players followed a given call, 63% of the attacks were successful. The success rate of attacks without any call was 55.8% and 47.6% when the call was ignored. These differences were not significant (χ2(2) = 4.55, p = 0.103). In women’s beach volleyball, the rate of successful attacks was 61.5% when a call was followed, 35% for attacks without a call, and 42.6% when a call was ignored. The differences were highly significant (χ2(2) = 23.42, p < 0.0005). Taking into account the findings of the present study, we suggested that the call was effective in women’s beach volleyball, while its effect in men’s game was unclear. Considering the quality of calls we indicate that there is a significant potential to increase the effectiveness of a call.
3
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Kinematics Tactics in Swimming Races on the Example of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games and the Rome 2009 World Championships

100%
Lipińska P.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2011
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vol. 3
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issue 4
225-236
EN
Background: Tactics in endurance disciplines is often considered by a analysis of distribution of velocity at a distance. Long-distance swimming (800m, 1500m) is a discipline perfectly located in the above definition. Thus the purpose of the paper is to deepen knowledge on sport tactics based on the distribution of velocity by athletes training swimming at the highest level.Material/Methods: The research material comprised finalists of the swimming race on the 800 meters at the Olympic Games in Beijing (2008) and the World Championships in Rome (2009). Data on the average speed for the entire distance and average speed for the 50-meter segments were analyzed. The average speed for the "halves" (350m and 400m) and "quarters" (150m, 200m, 200m, 200m) was calculated, and the specific "velocity differences index" was also identified (VDI). To illustrate the results better, a linear and non-linear regression equation was used.Results: The results show that the top athletes both of the Beijing Olympics and the World Championships in Rome maintain consistency of the pace; deviations from the average velocity are low, and increasing speed happens at the finish. The analysis of non-linear regression equation confirms this observation. The second "half" of the distance is covered by the best swimmer at higher speeds compared to the first part of the distance; the analysis of "quarters" indicates that the middle one is the slowest. The values of VDI for "halves" have the lowest values in both races for the best swimmers.Conclusions: The analysis of results justifies the conclusion that primarily it is the constant pace of the race that gives a chance to obtain a high result. The ultimate way in which the race is to be executed depends on athlete's individual predispositions; however, maintaining a constant high speed without speeding up at the finish proved to be an effective tactic in the case of one of the top athletes in both races.
4
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Quantification and Analysis of Offensive Situations in Different Formats of Sided Games In Soccer

88%
Garcia J. D.-C., Refoyo Román I., Calleja-González J., Dellal A.
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2014
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vol. 44
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issue 1
193-201
EN
There has been a lot of research that enabled soccer to improve: its technique, tactics and strategy through analysis and training. Nevertheless, players’ need to interact with each other turns any defending or attacking situation into complex solutions with a wide range of variables to be considered, in which the player is never isolated and must make the move that has the most positive impact on play. Fifty-four sided games played in three different formats (5v5, 7v7 and 9v9) and with two age groups (U9 and U14) were filmed at three soccer clubs in Spain in order to identify the most relevant attacking moves, from a technical and tactical perspective. This study used the observational method; it is descriptive and is applied through well-prepared systematic quantitative observation in a natural environment. A key part of the method involved viewing the match recordings and logging moves that had been categorised beforehand. Cohen’s Kappa analysis showed that the results for the most representative variables presented a substantial degree of concordance (0.61-0.80). The results show that there were significant variations depending on the game format, and the following study will present a description and analysis of the aspects that had considerable influence on attacking moves in different formats of sided games (5v5, 7v7 and 9v9). The study also presents various practical applications for the area of training and analysing both youth and professional soccer.
5
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A Half Century of Scientific Research in Field Hockey

75%
Podgórski T., Pawlak M.
Human Movement
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2011
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vol. 12
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issue 2
108-123
EN
Purpose. Using databases available on the Internet, the number of scientific papers on the subject of field hockey were examined. Basic procedures. As a result, 208 scientific studies covering the fields of biochemistry, physiology, sport injuries, psychology and tactics were found, which were published within the last 50 years (from 1960 to 2010). Despite the popularity of field hockey and its status as an Olympic sport, the number of scientific studies which focused on field hockey was much smaller when compared to the amount of publications on other team sports, such as soccer, basketball, or baseball. Main findings. It was found that the greatest number of publications (61.06%) originated from five English-speaking countries (UK, USA, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand), with the majority focusing on sport psychology, injuries and biochemistry. What was discovered was that the vast majority of scientific studies used field hockey merely as a reference point in comparison to other team sports. Conclusions. The varying topic diversity of the scientific studies found among the databases significantly hinders an effective comparison of findings, especially considering that most of the studies focused on only a few selected aspects of the problem matter and were chiefly small sample studies, nor were they repeated.
6
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On the issue of the political discourse translation methodology

75%
Yukhymets S., Pshoniak V.
Pomiędzy. Polonistyczno-Ukrainoznawcze Studia Naukowe
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2022
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issue 6(3)
87-92
EN
The article is focused upon the challenges of the political discourse translation methodology. The overview of the key works in the field of theory and practice of translation has allowed to distinguish the correlation between the stylistic peculiarities and translation strategy, tactics and operations. It has been outlined that challenges for adequate political discourse translation are evoked by genre discrepancy, the issue of the rendering such peculiar vocabulary items as realia, nationally colored phraseological unities and fusions, as well as proverbs and sayings. The objective of the research is seen as the search of efficient methods and techniques aimed at optimizing the quality of political discourse translation in the paradigm of the communicative and functional approach. The urgency of the study is proved by the growing demand for the qualified political discourse translation both on the external international and internal domestic policy levels. The criterion of the trustworthiness and political tolerance is especially upto-date in the view of the recent political situation in the world in general and in Ukraine in particular. The role of the qualified political discourse translation for the political future of Ukraine can’t be overestimated. The mission of translators and their duty is to perform adequate, faithful and qualified translation of all sort of political speeches, disputes, negotiations and agendas from Ukrainian into English and other foreign languages to give the world the idea of the essence of both social and political life in the country. The power of speech and language means is sometimes stronger than the power of weapon. The findings of the research may be of great value for future translators training and self-education. The perspective is seen in working out the methodology of publicist and scientific discourses translation in the aspect of the globalization of Ukrainian culture and science international distribution.
7
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Biomechanics of Tactics of Running a Course in Four Alpine Skiing disciplines: First Course Geometry Results

63%
Erdmann W., Aschenbrenner P.
Human Movement
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2008
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vol. 9
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issue 2
124-127
EN
Purpose. The aim of the overall research on alpine skiing was examination of the biomechanical approach to tactics of running a course. The aim of this particular paper was presentation of first results on the geometry of courses of four disciplines. Basic procedures. The research covered competitions of alpine skiers during the 2006/2007 FIS World Cup. All four alpine skiing disciplines, i.e. downhill, super giant, giant slalom, and slalom, were taken into account. Each discipline was studied three times: in Italy, Austria, Germany, Slovenia, and Norway. 54 to 82 alpine skiers took part in each of the competitions. Differential GPS for geometry of gates setting and video camera for time data were used. Then the distribution of velocity for each runner along the entire course was calculated. Main findings. The first data on geometry of the ski courses revealed a large difference in vertical drop and length between the disciplines, with the angles of inclination, however, being similar. Conclusions. The knowledge of detailed geometry of ski courses is important since up to one-third of competitors do not finish particular runs. It happened that as many as ten skiers ran off the course at the same gate.
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