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Asymmetry of Step Length in Relationship to Leg Strength in 200 meters Sprint of different Performance Levels

100%
Maćkała K., Michalski R., Ćoh M.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2010
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vol. 25
101-108
EN
The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare asymmetry of stride length during 200 m sprint in different levels of performance. Six sprinters from national and regional levels participated in the study. They were assigned to 3 groups: school-boys (novice sprinters) junior (intermediate) and senior (advance - national and regional level) category. This study investigated selected kinematic parameters with special focus on stride length. The resulting values were measurements of each stride length (rounded-off to nearest full centimeter) during a 200 m sprint, using a manual stride measurement method. The findings indicate that the asymmetry of stride length exists in all categories, and the impact on decreasing velocities of the youngest sprinters (school-boys) are significantly associated with shorter strides, whereas cadence has little change. However, when a statistical adjustment was made for each group of runners it was found that more advanced runners did not have a significantly higher level of asymmetry with stride length at any given velocity.
2
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The Effects of Resisted Sprint Training on Speed Performance in Women

88%
Makaruk B., Sozański H., Makaruk H., Sacewicz T.
Human Movement
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2013
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vol. 14
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issue 2
116-122
EN
Purpose. The main aim of the study was to examine the effects of resisted and standard sprint training on the kinematics of sprintrunning acceleration in women. Methods. Thirty-six untrained but physically active female college students were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a running resisted training group (RTG, n = 12), a standard training group (STG, n = 12), and a control group (CON, n = 12). All participants in the experimental groups trained three times a week for four weeks, followed by a 1-week training break, after which they trained again for four weeks. Pre-training, post-training and detraining (three weeks after completing the training programs) measures of mean running velocity, stride length, stride frequency, knee angle at toe off and footstrike, ground contact time, and flight time were analyzed by a 20 m sprint test. Results. The RTG improved mean running velocity and increased stride length and knee angle at toe off. Simultaneously, the RTG featured decreased stride frequency and increased ground contact time. The STG demonstrated an increase in mean running velocity due to higher stride frequency and a decrease in ground contact time. All of the measured parameters did not significantly decrease after the three-week detraining period. The control group featured no changes. Conclusions. Both resisted and standard sprint training improves speed in sprint-running acceleration in women by improving different sprint kinematic parameters.
3
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Biomechanical, Neuro-muscular and Methodical Aspects of Running Speed Development

75%
Coh M., Babic V., Maćkała K.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2010
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vol. 26
73-81
EN
The purpose of present review article is to gather the most important findings in the field of speed development including biomechanical, motor and neuro-muscular factors. Maximum speed is a complex motor ability, which manifests itself in real sports situations and is an important factor in various sports disciplines. Efficiency of maximum running is defined with frequency and the length of stride. Both variables are mutually dependant; they also depend on the processes of central regulation of motor stereotype. From the biomechanical point of view, a running stride as a basic structural unit depends on eccentric-concentric muscular cycle of take-off action. Utilisation of elastic strength in muscular-tendon complex and pre-activation of the gastrocnemius muscle is highly important in this element. Maximum running is very limited hereditary motor ability with characteristic of reduced possibility for controlling movement. Cerebellum, co-activation of muscles in kinetic chain and the frequency of activation of motor units play important roles in controlling the activation of agonists and antagonists. The prime goal of training is to create an optimal model of motor stereotype in the zone of maximum speed. Such process has to be long term and methodical.
4
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Mechanical Analysis of the Acute Effects of a Heavy Resistance Exercise Warm-Up on Agility Performance in Court-Sport Athletes

75%
Sole C. J., Moir G. L., Davis S. E., Witmer C. A.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2013
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vol. 39
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issue 1
147-156
EN
The purpose of this study was to determine the acute effects of heavy resistance exercise on agility performance in court-sport athletes. Five men (age: 20.6 ± 1.9 years; body mass: 79.36 ± 11.74 kg; body height: 1.93 ± 0.09 m) and five women (age 21.2 ± 2.7 years; body mass: 65.8 ± 10.18 kg; body height 1.77 ± 0.08 m) volunteered to participate in the present study. All subjects were NCAA Division II athletes who currently participated in tennis or basketball and all had previous resistance training experience of at least one year. In a counterbalanced design, agility performance during a 10 m shuttle test was assessed following either a dynamic warm-up (DW) or heavy resistance warm-up (HRW) protocol. The HRW protocol consisted of three sets of squats at 50, 60, and 90% of 1-RM. Agility performance was captured using an eight camera motion analysis system and the mechanical variables of stride length, stride frequency, stance time, flight time, average ground reaction force, as well as agility time were recorded. No significant differences were reported for the HRW and DW protocols for any of the mechanical variables (p>0.05), although there was a trend towards the HRW protocol producing faster agility times compared to the control protocol (p = 0.074). Based on the trend towards a significant effect, as well as individual results it is possible that HRW protocols could be used as an acute method to improve agility performance in some court-sport athletes.
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