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EN
Ultrasound elastography is a revolutionary medical imaging technique, enabling a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of tissue stiffness. This paper presents, based on published evidence, a wide range of possibilities for this method in clinical trials and scientific research. The use of dynamic elastography avoids the undesired influence of force applied to the tissue by the elastograph probe on the information content of the obtained image. In clinical practice, elastography is used to identify and examine the pathological condition of soft tissues (including cancer lesions and tendonitis) and to diagnose neuromuscular diseases. It is also used in scientific investigations as a non-invasive method to study the structure of skeletal muscle, including muscle thickness, fiber length and pennation angle using standard ultrasonography mode; it is also possible to obtain information about physical properties such as stiffness. Ultrasound elastography could also be a useful tool for physiotherapists monitoring the rehabilitation process. Based on the results of these studies, advances in elastographic imaging technology, and progress in biomedical diagnostic methods, elastography is expected to become a common method used in clinical diagnostics and scientific research.
EN
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease present among close to 0.3 – 1.5% of the population, mainly women. The disease usually starts in the hand joints, which are gradually deformed, quickly impairing the normal functioning of the patients. The pain, loss of the smooth movements and the deformation of hands influence the impairment of everyday activities and decrease the quality of the patients’ lives. The goal of this work is the assessment of the effectiveness of manual therapy in alleviating the symptoms of the developing RA in the area of the hand joints, especially verifying whether the manual therapy decreases the experienced pain, improves the manual dexterity, as well as verifying how the therapy influences the everyday activities and the quality of life of the examined patients in the emotional as well as in the social and professional aspects. There were 25 women with diagnosed RA taking part in the study, which underwent a 2-week manual therapy. The effectiveness of the therapy was assessed with help of hand movement tests and questionnaires, including the modified Laitinen’s scale and the FRI test. The results showed, that the use of the manual therapy significantly improved the quality of the examined women’s lives. Manual therapy may be an effective therapeutic method for RA patients.
PL
Sztywność mięśnia jest najczęściej określana jako stosunek zmiany jego długości do wielkości siły, w wyniku której owa zmiana zachodzi. Wzrost sztywności tkanki mięśniowej to problem, z którym fizjoterapia styka się coraz częściej. Z jednej strony stanowi ona czynnik decydujący o efektywnej stabilizacji stawu, z drugiej natomiast zwiększa komponentę sił dociskających powierzchnie stawowe do siebie, co po dłuższym czasie może prowadzić do zmian przeciążeniowych i szybszego "zużywania" się chrząstki stawowej. Niniejsza praca przedstawia aktualne poglądy dotyczące zjawiska sztywności, a także podejmuje próbę poszukiwania jej uwarunkowań.
EN
Muscle stiffness is usually described as the ratio of change in muscle length to value of force causing this change. Nowadays, increase in muscle stiffness constitutes a problem that physiotherapy meets more and more often. On one hand it creates a crucial factor enabling effective stabilization of the joint, on the other hand - may accelerate overloading changes due to inevitable increase of compressive forces acting on articular surfaces. The objective of the paper is to present modern views on stiffness phenomenon and undertake a pursuit of factors conditioning it.
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