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EMG PARAMETERS AND KINESTHETIC DIFFERENTIATION DURING THE FREE-THROW OF BASKETBALL PLAYERS WITH VARIOUS LEVELS OF ATHLETIC EXPERIENCE

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Pakosz P.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2013
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vol. 2
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issue 2
31-38
EN
Rationale and objective of the study: In the study of coordination of motor abilities, motor performance tests without examining the internal structure of the movement were used. The objective of this study was to examine the kinesthetic differentiation capacity level and to stimulate muscles during a test among basketball players in intermediate and specialist stages of training. Material and methods: Among ten basketball players from two equal groups at different level of advancement in sport, who play at diffe rent positions on the field, kinesthetic differentiation capacity was assessed by the „Basketball shooting with different balls” test. In order to assess the muscle involvement during the test, they were connected to the EMG amplifier. Results: More advanced basketball players obtained better results in the test, by an average of 7.4 point out of 60. Tested muscle bioelectric tension was lower by 21.8% in advanced players and the difference in the non-dominant hand was as high as 34.6%. Conclusions: The research indicates that advanced players obtain better level of kinesthetic differentiation and their average muscle bioelectric tension during throws is lower compared to beginner players. The difference in bio-electrical muscle tension in the time of throwing different balls was smaller in basketball players who are more advanced in training, and in both groups in the dominant hand. Mean values of EMG signal in a selected time interval show greater variability among the more advanced players.
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Somatotype, Body Composition and Proportionality in Polish Top Greco-Roman Wrestlers

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Sterkowicz-Przybycień K., Sterkowicz S., Żarów R.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2011
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vol. 28
141-154
EN
The objective of the paper was to determine body composition and somatotype of male Greco-Roman wrestlers grouped by different weight categories and level of competition. Twenty three contestants (aged 24.9±5.5 years, training experience 13.7±5.8 years) were examined during their competitive period. They were divided into heavier (n=12) and lighter weight categories (n=11). Twelve of them took part in Olympic Qualification Tournaments, whereas six others participated in the Olympic Games in Athens. An experienced evaluator performed 10 measurements necessary to designate Heath-Carter somatotypes and additional skinfolds to estimate the percentage of body fat and body composition. Heavier wrestlers (weight=92.4 kg) exhibited more endomorphy and mesomorphy than lighter wrestlers (weight=70.1 kg). Heavier wrestlers were characterized by higher BMI, fat mass, fat percentage and fat free mass index than wrestlers in lighter weight categories. Sports level was evaluated with discriminant analysis which revealed significant results (p<0.01) with canonical correlation coefficient of 0.754, and Wilks' λ=0.431. Discriminant function=0.593774*Training Experience-0.300177*EN+0.627894*ME-0.242241*EC - 0.636081*Pelvis/Shoulder Ratio. Among the 23 observations used to fit the model, 19 (82.6%) were correctly classified. When compared with untrained subjects, wrestlers exhibited higher body mass (81.8 vs. 72.1 kg, t=3.15, p<0.01) and lower height-weight ratio (40.50 vs. 43.21, t=13.5, p<0.001). Wrestlers' somatotypes differed from those of untrained subjects (2.0-6.6-1.2 vs. 3.7-4.3-3.1). They were also characterized by lower adiposity (12.1 vs. 15.7%, t=7.84, p<0.001).In conclusion, body build and composition in wrestlers depend on their weight category. In heavier categories, characteristic type is endomorph-mesomorph, whereas lighter weight categories are dominated by balanced mesomorph. A considerable difference in endomorphy and indices of body composition can also be observed. Higher sport experience with lower endomorphy (tendencies for lower fat content) and Pelvis/Shoulder Ratio are interrelated with higher competition level presented by wrestlers.
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Anthropometric Characteristics of Spanish Professional Basketball Players

100%
Alejandro V., Santiago S., Gerardo V. J., Carlos M. J., Vicente G.-T.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2015
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vol. 46
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issue 1
99-106
EN
The study of elite basketball players’ anthropometric characteristics alongside those of body composition contributes significantly to their profiling as professional athletes and plays an important role in the selection process, as these characteristics can have a significant impact on performance. In the current study, 110 professional basketball players from a series of Spanish professional Leagues (ACB, LEB and EBA) and youth level National Teams (U20 and U18) had their anthropometric profiles measured and compared to determine differences between them. Furthermore, all 110 players were divided into three different categories according to their playing position: guards, forwards and centres. The results obtained show no significant differences between players in different competitions in weight, height and the sum of skinfolds. Nonetheless, there were several differences related to body fat content (13.03% in ACB players and 10.52% in the lower categories and National Teams). There were also several differences found between the different playing positions amongst all playing levels in body mass (79.56 ± 2.41, 91.04 ± 1.51 and 104.56 ± 1.73 kg), height (182.28 ± 0.96, 195.65 ± 1.00 and 204.08 ± 0.67 cm), skinfold distribution and perimeters. However, there were no significant differences in body fat content between the different playing positions. The conclusions obtained from this study provide a better understanding to basketball specialists regarding the selection process of players at the elite level, especially on the transition from youth elite programs to men’s elite leagues.
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