Search results

1

Najczęstsze złamania u dzieci amatorsko uprawiających narciarstwo

100%

Cyran-Grzebyk B., Skubal A., Kołodziej G., Kołodziej K.

Polish Journal of Sports Medicine

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2018

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vol. 34(3)

183-190

EN

Background. Alpine skiing is becoming more and more popular sport among young people, adults and the elderly. Each sport discipline is accompanied by the risk of injury or more complex trauma. During skiing, it is important to ensure the safety of skiers through efficient skiing equipment, appropriate clothing, properly prepared slope as well as functional and motor preparation of the athlete. The aim of the study was to determine whether sex and age affect the type of fracture, treatment management, length of hospitalization, limb immobilization period. Additionally, the relationship between the limb healing method and the type of fracture, time of immobilization and period of hospitalization were studied. Material and methods: 45 children (41 boys, 4 girls) aged from 5 to 16 years were enrolled in the study. The collected data were acquired from medical history files of the patients treated in the Saint Hedwig Provincial Clinical Hospital No 2 in Rzeszów. Results: Sex and age do not affect the type of fracture, treatment method, duration of hospitalization and limb immobilization period. Our research shows that the type of fracture has a statistically significant effect on the treatment, the time of hospitalization and limb immobilization period (p <0.05). In addition, it has been shown that the treatment method used has a significant impact on the length of the patient’s hospitalization. Conclusions: It was shown that the type of fracture had an effect on the period of hospitalization. Small patients with multiple and spiral fractures of the lower leg required longer observation in hospital setting. The limb immobilization time was a consequence of the type of fracture experienced and the method of treatment used.

PL

Wstęp. Narciarstwo zjazdowe jest sportem cieszącym się coraz większą popularnością zarówno u osób młodych, dorosłych, jak i osób w podeszłym wieku. Każdej dyscyplinie sportowej towarzyszy ryzyko wystąpienia kontuzji lub bardziej złożonego urazu. W narciarstwie ważne jest zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa narciarzy poprzez sprawny sprzęt narciarski, odpowiedni ubiór, prawidłowo przygotowana trasa zjazdowa oraz przygotowanie funkcjonalne i motoryczne sportowca. Celem badań było stwierdzenie czy płeć oraz wiek wpływają na rodzaj złamania, sposób leczenia, czas pobytu w szpitalu, okres unieruchomienia kończyny, dodatkowo badano zależność między metodą leczenia kończyny a rodzajem złamania, czasem unieruchomienia oraz okresem hospitalizacji. Materiał i metody. Do badania zakwalifikowano 45 dzieci (41 chłopców, 4 dziewczyny) w wieku od 5 do 16 lat. Zebrane dane pochodziły z historii pacjentów leczonych w Klinicznym Szpitalu Wojewódzkim nr 2 im. Świętej Jadwigi Królowej w Rzeszowie. Wyniki. Płeć i wiek nie mają wpływu na rodzaj złamania, sposób leczenia, czas pobytu w szpitalu oraz okres unieruchomienia kończyny. Z badań własnych wynika, że rodzaj złamania ma istotny statystycznie wpływ na sposób leczenia, czas hospitalizacji oraz okres unieruchomienia kończyny (p<0.05). Dodatkowo wykazano, że zastosowana metoda leczenia ma istotny wpływ na długość hospitalizacji pacjenta. Wnioski. Wykazano, że rodzaj złamania miał wpływ na okres hospitalizacji. Mali pacjenci ze złamaniami wieloodłamowymi oraz spiralnymi kości podudzia wymagają dłuższego czasu obserwacji w warunkach szpitalnych. Stwierdzono, że czas unieruchomienia kończyny był konsekwencją rodzaju doznanego złamania oraz sposobu zastosowanego leczenia.

2

Tyreotoksykoza u 21-letniej zawodniczki w trakcie okresu przygotowawczego do sezonu

100%

Malec K., Sokołowski G.

Polish Journal of Sports Medicine

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2020

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vol. 36(1)

49-56

EN

A 21years patient, a female athlete, representative of Poland reported to the team physician for 105-115/min resting tachycardia, weight loss, reduced exercise tolerance and perceived chronic fatigue in the preseason period. She was referred to have laboratory tests, ECG and thyroid hormone assessment due to her clinical picture. ECG and heart rhythm measurement (90 bpm), revealed no ischemic changes, blood count with smear was normal and thyroid hormone tests results were: TSH 0.013 uIU/ml (N:0.27-4.2); FT3 16.4 pg/ml (N: 2.0-4.4) ; FT4 5.98 ng/dl (N:0.93 -1.7). The patient underwent endocrinological consultation and thyroid gland ultrasound was performed. Thiamazole and propranolol were prescribed due to the diagnosed thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid hormone control, ECG and blood morphology were recommended after 2 weeks of therapy. The athlete completely withdrew from training. As far as training was concerned, she was allowed to perform oxygen effort up to 50% of the maximum heart rate. The full-range training was allowed 27 days after the diagnosis, based on the result and the patient’s overall health state. The treatment was changed by reduction of thiamazole dosage. Due to the development of hypothyroidism, thyroid hormones were supplemented. The entire course of treatment, from the first result of the degraded thyroid gland to obtaining normal hormone levels lasted 79 days. The reported case is an example of thyrotoxicosis symptoms, the treatment, systematic observation and the patient’s self-control. The study outcome showed that, despite a month-long exclusion from the training cycle in the peak of preparation, it is possible to return to sport and win medals in world championships.

PL

21-pacjentka, zawodniczka, reprezentantka Polski. Zgłosiła się do lekarza kadry z powodu tachykardii spoczynkowej 105-115/min, utraty masy ciała, zmniejszonej tolerancji wysiłku oraz odczuwalnego przewlekłego zmęczenia w okresie przygotowawczym do sezonu. W związku z obrazem klinicznym zlecono badania laboratoryjne, EKG oraz hormony tarczycy. W EKG rytm miarowy 90/min, bez zmian niedokrwiennych, morfologia krwi z rozmazem w normie, badania hormonów tarczycy: TSH 0,013 uIU/ml (N:0,27-4,2); FT3 16,4 pg/ml (N: 2,0-4,4); FT4 5,98 ng/dl (N:0,93 -1,7). Pacjentkę konsultowano endokrynologicznie oraz wykonano USG tarczycy. W związku z rozpoznaniem tyreotoksykozy włączono tiamazol oraz propranolol. Zalecono kontrolę hormonów tarczycy, EKG oraz morfologię krwi po 2 tygodniach terapii. Zawodniczkę całkowicie odsunięto od treningów. Po 2,5 tygodniach od pierwszej diagnozy wykonano kontrolne badania, uzyskując poprawę, także w zakresie stanu ogólnego. W kwestii treningów zawodniczka dostała pozwolenie na wysiłek tlenowy do 50% maksymalnego tętna. Do treningów w pełnym zakresie zawodniczkę dopuszczono po 27 dniach od diagnozy, na podstawie wyników i stanu ogólnego. Zmieniono leczenie redukując dawkę tiamazolu. Z uwagi na rozwój niedoczynności suplementowano hormony tarczycy. Cały cykl leczenia, od pierwszych wyników wskazujących na nadczynność tarczycy, do uzyskania prawidłowych poziomów hormonalnych trwał 79 dni. Przytoczony przypadek jest przykładem występujących w tyreotoksykozie objawów, leczenia, systematycznej obserwacji i samokontroli pacjentki. Pokazuje, że mimo miesięcznego wyłączenia z cyklu treningowego w szczycie przygotowań, możliwy jest powrót do sportu zwieńczony medalami mistrzostw świata.

3

A short biography of Olympian Leszek Bebło

100%

Tworek B.

Health Promotion & Physical Activity

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2023

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vol. 22

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issue 1

18-21

PL

Sport jest jedną z form uczestnictwa w kulturze fizycznej. Maratończyk Leszek Bebło jest przykładem uczestnictwa kulturze fizycznej poprzez sport. Lekkoatleta zapisał się na kartach historii Polskiej lekkiej atletyki między innymi przez dwukrotny udział w Igrzyskach Olimpijskich, Mistrzostwach świata w Stuttgarcie oraz jako zwycięzca wielu zagranicznych prestiżowych biegów miedzy innymi jako jedyny Polak wygrał rozgrywany od 1896 roku Maraton Paryski.

EN

Sport is one of the forms of participation in physical culture. Marathon runner Leszek Bebło is an example of participation in physical culture through sport. The track and field athlete has left his mark on the history of Polish athletics through his participation in two Olympic Games, the World Championships in Stuttgart, and as a winner of many prestigious foreign races, including being the only Pole to win the Paris Marathon, which has been held since 1896.

4

Urazy zawodników drużyn młodzieżowych wybranych dyscyplin sportu

100%

Domaradzki J., Chmielewski S., Koźlenia D.

Polish Journal of Sports Medicine

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2019

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vol. 35(2)

115-124

EN

Background. Purpose of the study was to determine the degree of frequently of injuries in four sports-team games and determine the relationship between the disciplines and the type and prevalence of the most common injuries, as well as their similarities in this, in a multidimensional approach. Material and methods. The research was conducted in the year 2017, in sports clubs on the territory of the Lower Silesia region. Research group accounted for 125 male athletes aged between 15 and 18 years of age (Cadet-junior) with an average of 16.27 years. They represented 4 sports. 22 athletes with American football, 30 athletes football, 49 players handball and 24 volleyball athletes. The analysis uses survey data on the history of injuries related to cultivated discipline related to the circumstances, the part of the body and type of injury. Results. The vast majority of the surveyed 81.60% had an injury as a result of practicing chosen sport. The most common injuries suffered footballers, 96.66%, the least volleyball players 54.55%. The most common injuries are the limbs, especially low limb-70.40% of all identified injuries. The most common type of injury is breaking 54.40%. Overall, a little less injuries to the affected muscle damage (break, sprain) 52% Conclusions. Practice of the presented sports team involves a risk of injury. Most of the injuries are exposed footballers, and the least volleyball players. Injuries most often apply to the lower limbs, with most of the bruises and muscle injuries. Calls for a search for preventive solutions to protect players from injuries.

PL

Wstęp. Celem badań było określenie częstości urazów czterech dyscyplin sportowych – gier zespołowych oraz określenia powiązań między poszczególnymi dyscyplinami, a rodzajem i miejscem występowania najczęstszych urazów, a także ich podobieństw pod tym, w ujęciu wielowymiarowym. Materiał i metody. Badania przeprowadzono w 2017 roku, w klubach sportowych funkcjonujących na terenie województwa dolnośląskiego. Grupę badawczą stanowiło 125 zawodników płci męskiej w wieku między 15 a 18 rokiem życia (kadet-junior) ze średnią 16,27 lat. Reprezentowali oni 4 dyscypliny sportowe. 22 zawodników uprawiających football amerykański, 30 zawodników uprawiających piłkę nożną, 49 zawodników piłkę ręczną oraz 24 zawodników uprawiających piłkę siatkową. Do analizy wykorzystano dane ankietowe dotyczące urazów związanych z uprawianą dyscypliną sportu. Wyniki. Zdecydowana większość badanych 81,60% odniosła uraz w wyniku uprawiania wybranej dyscypliny sportu. Najczęściej urazy odnosili piłkarze nożni, 96,66%, najrzadziej siatkarze 54,55%. Najczęściej urazom ulegają kończyny, szczególnie kończyna dolna - 70,40% wszystkich stwierdzonych urazów. Najczęstszym rodzajem urazu jest stłuczenie 54,40%. Ogółem, niewiele mniej urazów dotyczy uszkodzenia mięśni - 52%. Wnioski. Uprawianie przedstawionych sportowych gier zespołowych wiąże się z ryzykiem wystąpienia urazu. Najbardziej na uraz narażeni są piłkarze nożni, a najmniej siatkarze. Urazy najczęściej dotyczą kończyn dolnych, z czego większość to stłuczenia i urazy mięśniowe. Postuluje się poszukiwanie rozwiązań prewencyjnych chroniących zawodników przed urazami.

5

Powrót do czynnego uprawiania sportu po infekcji SARS-CoV-2

100%

Malec K.

Polish Journal of Sports Medicine

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2020

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vol. 36(3)

107-113

EN

The COVID-19 outbreak began in December 2019, with the first case reported in the city of Wuhan, China. The number of confirmed patients reached nearly 60 million, and one million four hundred thousand died. Patients infected with COVID-19 may pass the infection asymptomatically or with typical symptoms such as fever, cough and shortness of breath. Gastrointestinal symptoms have been reported: nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, smell and taste disturbances. This infection also affects athletes and falls within the scope of sports medicine. Sometimes the asymptomatic course leads to complications from the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and consequently to deterioration of the condition and sports results. This is especially true of the lower respiratory tract and bilateral pneumonia. In the circulatory system, myocarditis, arrhythmias, heart failure, acute coronary syndrome and death occur. In addition to the diseases mentioned, SARS-CoV-2 can cause hepatitis, sometimes severe, in the nervous system, severe headaches, dizziness, changes in consciousness, smell and taste. In addition, COVID-19 leads to serious complications: bacterial pneumonia, respiratory failure, pericarditis, heart failure, pulmonary embolism, DIC, and deep vein thrombosis. At worst, the infection can cause septic shock and multi-organ failure. Athletes are not at risk of severe SARS-CoV-2, but the infection is common in this group, and athletes who wish to return to training and stress are mostly asymptomatic recoveries. To facilitate safe return, sports and sports medicine organizations have proposed diagnostic workflows. The British Medical Journal Open Sport and Exercise Medicine (BJSM) divided the athletes into groups according to the course of the infection, and further studies were proposed for each of them before training resumed. They include diagnostics in the field of the respiratory system, circulation and an appointment plan. It should be remembered that each case should be considered individually, and the ideal solution is the cooperation of a trainer, sports doctor, pulmonologist and cardiologist. An important aspect is also a gradual return to full activity. The appropriate "team" and the procedure scheme allow to systematize the stages of diagnostics and gradual increase of the training load.

PL

Epidemia COVID-19 rozpoczęła się w grudniu 2019 r., Pierwszy przypadek zanotowano w mieście Wuhan, w Chinach. Liczba pacjentów, u których potwierdzono tę chorobę, osiągnęła niemal 60 milionów, a milion czterysta tysięcy zmarło. Pacjenci zakażeni COVID-19 mogą przechodzić infekcję bezobjawowo lub z typowymi objawami takimi jak: gorączka, kaszel i duszność. Zgłaszane są objawy żołądkowo-jelitowe: nudności, ból brzucha, biegunka, zaburzenia węchu i smaku. Infekcja ta dotyka także sportowców i wkracza w zakres medycyny sportowej. Czasem bezobjawowy przebieg prowadzi do powikłań ze strony układu krążenia i oddechowego, a w konsekwencji do pogorszenia kondycji i wyników sportowych. W szczególności dotyczy to dolnych dróg oddechowych i rozwijającego się obustronnego zapalenia płuc. W zakresie układu krążenia dochodzi do zapalenia mięśnia sercowego, zaburzeń rytmu, niewydolności serca oraz ostrego zespołu wieńcowego i zgonu włącznie. Oprócz wspomnianych chorób, SARS-CoV-2 może powodować zapalenie wątroby, czasem o ciężkim przebiegu, a w zakresie układu nerwowego silne bóle głowy, zawroty, zaburzenia świadomości oraz węchu i smaku. Ponadto COVID-19 prowadzi do ciężkich powikłań: zapalenia bakteryjnego płuc, niewydolności oddechowej, zapalenia osierdzia, niewydolności serca, zatorowości płucnej, DIC i zakrzepicy żył głębokich. W najgorszym przypadku infekcja może wywołać wstrząsu septyczny i niewydolność wielonarządową. Sportowcy nie należą do grupy ryzyka ciężkiego przebiegu SARS-CoV-2, ale infekcja ta jest częsta w tej grupie, a zawodnicy pragnący wrócić do treningów i obciążenia, to w większości bezobjawowi ozdrowieńcy. Celem ułatwienia bezpiecznego powrotu, organizacje związane ze sportem i medycyną sportową zaproponowały schematy postępowania diagnostycznego. B British Medical Journal Open Sport and Exercise Medicine (BJSM)podzielił sportowców na grupy w zależności od przebiegu infekcji i dla każdej z nich zaproponowano dalsze badania przed wznowieniem treningów. Obejmują one diagnostykę w zakresie układu oddechowego, krążenia oraz plan wizyt. Należy pamiętać, że każdy przypadek należy rozpatrywać indywidualnie, a idealnym rozwiązaniem jest współpraca trenera, lekarza sportowego, pulmonologa i kardiologa. Niemniej ważnym aspektem jest stopniowy powrót do pełnej aktywności. Odpowiedni „team” i schemat postępowania w ogromnym stopniu pozwalają usystematyzować etapy diagnostyki i stopniowego zwiększania obciążenia treningowego.

6

Wpływ podaży makroskładników odżywczych i wartości energetycznej diety na stężenie testosteronu u mężczyzn uprawiających sport

100%

Wrzosek M., Włodarek D.

Polish Journal of Sports Medicine

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2018

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vol. 34(1)

9-16

EN

Androgenic and anabolic functions of testosterone make it the most important male hormone. Its concentration can be influenced by the intake of dietary macronutrients and its calorific value. The aim of this study was to review available research on testosterone levels among male athletes within the context of their effects of diet. It has been proved that both the calorific value and the amount of protein, fats and carbohydrates are not without effect on the hormone. Energy shortages and individual macronutrients reduce testosterone levels in an athlete’s body, thus affecting its training possibilities.

PL

Androgeniczne i anaboliczne funkcje testosteronu czynią go najważniejszym hormonem męskim. Jego stężenie może podlegać wpływom podaży makroskładników diety oraz jej wartości energetycznej. Celem pracy był przegląd najnowszych badań nad stężeniem testosteronu wśród sportowców płci męskiej w kontekście wpływu diety. Dowiedziono, iż zarówno wartość energetyczna, jak i ilość białka, tłuszczów i węglowodanów nie pozostają bez wpływu na stężenie testosteronu. Niedobory energii i poszczególnych makroskładników obniżają stężenie tego hormonu w organizmie sportowca, wpływając tym samym na jego możliwości treningowe.

7

A Pioneer of Italian Sports Pedagogy and Philosophy

94%

Isidori E., Kosiewicz J.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2017

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vol. 74

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issue 1

61-73

8

NCAA Athletic Department Employee Perceptions of Workplace Related Burnout, Commitment, and Emotional Intelligence

94%

Schneider R. C., Hite P. D.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2017

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vol. 76

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issue 1

35-46

9

Sport in the district of Myszków in the years 1956-1975

94%

Bakota D., Khlud M.

Physical Activity Review

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2018

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vol. 6

94-99

EN

The paper discusses the development of sport on the territory of the district of Myszków in the years 1956 -1975. The introductory part focuses on organizational units responsible for the development of physical culture (especially sport) on the territory of the district such as: Physical Culture Committ ee (established in 1956), Secretariat of Physical Culture (established in 1958 in place of the Physical Culture Committee), District Committee of Physical Culture (set up in 1960) and the unit established a year later (in 1961) - District Committee of Phys ical Culture and Tourism. Whereas the contents of the further part of the study also concern sports infrastructure on the territory of the district of Myszków, as well as sports activity conducted on the territory of the district by union sports clubs, Rur al Sports Teams and School Sports Association. Sports practised in the district of Myszków (years 1956 -1975) were primarily the following: cycling, basketball, track and field events, football, handball, volleyball, weightlifting, chess and table tennis.

10

Design, Validation, and Reliability of Survey to Measure Knowledge of Nutrition, Weight Control and its Risks

94%

Visiedo A., Frideres J. E., M. Palao J.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2017

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vol. 20

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issue 4

39-51

EN

The purpose of this study was to design, validate, and test the reliability of an instrument to evaluate knowledge of nutrition, weight control and its risk. The instrument collects information regarding: socio-demographics and athletic status; basic knowledge of nutrition (the diet they follow, nutrients, supplements, energy balance, myths, hydration and habits); and weight control and risks (weight control, eating behaviors, and weight control habits). The design, validation, and testing of the reliability of the questionnaire were done in four phases: a) design and development of the instrument, b) content validation, c) instrument reliability, and d) concurrent validity. The results show that the instrument is suitable for measuring nutrition, weight control and risk knowledge in athletes. The instrument that was developed and validated in this paper can contribute to assessing how the athletes evolve through their different formation stages.

11

The Outline of the History of Physical Culture in the Province of Ternopil in the Years 1920-1939

94%

Małolepszy E., Drozdek-Małolepsza T.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2022

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vol. 37

5-11

EN

The aim of the paper is to present the outline of the history of physical culture in the province of Ternopil in the years 1920-1939. The province of Ternopil was established on 23 December 1920, as one of the very first provinces on the South-Eastern Borderlands of the Second Polish Republic. In the interwar period, physical culture flourished in the province of Ternopil. In the twenties and thirties of the 20th century, new social and sports associations and sports clubs were being established. What is more, sports organisations gathering Polish, Ukrainian and Jewish citizens that had been active before the outbreak of WWI became active again. Football was the most popular sports discipline practised alongside boxing, gymnastics, cycling, athletics, archery, water sports, shooting, gliding, table tennis. A contest whose main prize was the State Sports Badge played an important role in propagating physical activity in society.

12

Prevalence, attitudes and motivations concerning dietary supplements in sport intake among medical students

94%

Brożyna K., Gąsławska-Kupisz A., Marzęda A., Tkaczyk J., Rutkowska A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2019

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vol. 28

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issue 4

67-74

EN

Nowadays, because of irregular lifestyle, high level of stress dietary supplements (DS) are becoming more popular as a source of needful nutrients among millions of people all over the world. The main purpose of present study was to estimate prevalence of dietary supplement consumption in sport, motivation in DS usage and sources of information. Anonymous self-administered questionnaire was spread among students of medical faculty in the end of their fourth year of study. There were 218 students of the fourth year of the Medical Faculty, of which 60.1% were females and 39.9% were males. Males more often used or had been using dietary supplements than females. The most popular dietary supplement was whey protein. The most common aim among men was to build up muscle mass. It is possible to state conclusions that prevalence of using dietary supplement among students is similar to values reported previously in the literature. Males were definitely more often undertaking physical activity in the gym and that could be the reason why they were definitely more often using specific dietary supplements.

13

COLLEGIATE COACHES’ KNOWLEDGE OF THE FEMALE ATHLETE TRIAD IN RELATION TO THEIR CHARACTERISTICS

94%

Frideres J. E., Mottinger S. G., Palao J. M.

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2016

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vol. 16

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issue 4

55-66

EN

The purpose of this study was to determine what coaches of female athletes know about the female athlete triad. The sample involved 472 NCAA Division I coaches of female athletes. The variables studied were coaches’ knowledge and confidence about the triad and coaches’ characteristics (coach’s gender, age, type of coach, degree held, years of experience in coaching females, continuing education participation specific to the triad and/or triad components, and sport coached). Coaches’ knowledge of the female athlete triad is higher for coaches who have received triad education. No differences regarding knowledge of the female athlete triad were found by gender, degree, experience in coaching female athletes, or coach type. Higher knowledge was found in sports emphasizing low body weight compared to sports that do not emphasize weight. The article discusses the results’ implications and the need for future interventions in this population.

14

Sports Media in Turkey: A Sample on the University Students

94%

Tavacioglu L.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2009

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vol. 21

113-118

EN

Sport has an important place among the basic factors of "modern life" in the 21st century. The governments and sources of power, which shape and direct the society, produce and promote all kinds of goods and politics by using sports as a medium in a mechanism that embraces the whole life. This both creates a large area of movement for these power sources and also makes it possible to give the target audiences an unlimited area of freedom. Sport, as a social institution, has close and intense interactions with other social institutions like family, education, economy and media. Media has become an irreplaceable part of our social lives, especially with the effect of technological developments. Many social scientists have, in their researches, questioned the effects of mass communication vehicles on personal and social life, and tried to explain the individual and social behavior models by using sociological and socio-psychological approaches. Media and sport are indeed structures, which influence and nurture each other. However, in Turkey, one cannot claim that the broadcasting policy of the sport media has developed by consciously following the sports agenda. Objective: In this study it was aimed to show the degree of interest in, and consumption of, the sports media in Turkey. Material and Method: 400 students who study at Istanbul Technical University (ITU) and Marmara University (MU) have participated in our study. The study comprised of students who are active and inactive in sports. The survey included 46 questions on all sports branches (e.g. volleyball, basketball, winter sports, summer sports). The results have been reached by evaluating the survey on students' interest in sports, and their consumption of sports media.

15

Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Morphological Asymmetry Assessment among Field Hockey Players

94%

Krzykała M.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2010

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vol. 25

77-84

EN

Every sports discipline is characterized by specific movements which are symmetric or asymmetric. Field hockey belongs to a asymmetric activity. There is suspicion that players, who use more frequently one side of the body during training or the game, have also side-to-side morphological diversification. The main aim of the study is to determine the degree of asymmetry which manifests itself in somatic characteristics. The analysis was done among twenty competitive Polish male field hockey players. All athletes undertook total body Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scans, which divided the body into anatomic segments: arms, trunk, and legs. Professional field hockey participation showed significantly enhanced muscle mass and higher bone mineral density on the left side of the body. The present data should help better understand complicated morphology of highly trained athletes with more comprehensive and accurate approach to their anthropometrical description.

16

Development of Sport Courage Scale

94%

Konter E., Ng J.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2012

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vol. 33

163-172

EN

While theory and practice of sport have much to say about fear, stress and anxiety, they have little to say about courage. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a Sport Courage Scale. Data were collected from two groups of male and female athletes aged from 13 to 22 in different individual and team sports. The first set of data (N = 380) was analyzed by exploratory factor analysis, and the second set of data (N = 388) was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis. Analyses revealed a 5-factor structure of Sport Courage Scale that supported factorial validity and reliability of scale scores. These factors were labelled: "Determination", "Mastery", "Assertiveness", "Venturesome", and "Self-Sacrifice Behaviour". Finally, evidence of test-retest reliability of scale scores was supported based on responses from 75 athletes. However, more research is needed to further improve the Sport Courage Scale.

17

Nordic Walking as a Form of Recreation

94%

Kunysz-Rozborska M., Rejman A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

|

2019

|

vol. 26

|

issue 2

77-82

EN

Recently introduced on the Polish market, the Finnish product under the name of Nordic Walking gains more and more supporters and followers. When trying to determine the essence of Nordic Walking we should first define the term ‛physical activity’ and ‛recreation’. Nordic Walking belongs to a general motor activity. Physical activity is the amount of exercise or physical activity needed to develop and maintain one’s health. Quite a simple technique of motion while walking with poles, the possibility of maintaining control of exercise intensity and relatively inexpensive (compared to other disciplines) sports equipment contribute positively to the versatility of Nordic Walking and its availability to any person interested in this sport. The march with the poles is one of the most commonly undertaken, and the most natural form of exercise in everyday life, especially for people in middle and old age, as these particular age groups dominate in Nordic Walking. It does not require large financial outlays or specific time and place, as opposed to practicing fitness or bodybuilding. One can just go out for a daily walk and simply take the poles with them.

18

Investigation of knee flexor and extensor muscle strength in athletes with and without trunk muscle strength asymmetry

94%

Balci A., Ünüvar E., Akınoğlu B., Kocahan T., Hasanoğlu A.

Advances in Rehabilitation

|

2021

|

vol. 35

|

issue 1

1-8

EN

Introduction Lower extremity injuries may be associated with proximal muscle weakness and decreased motor control. Our study aims to examine knee flexor and extensor muscle strength in athletes with and without trunk muscle strength asymmetry. Material and methods This matching control study involved a total of 80 athletes; 40 athletes with asymmetrical trunk muscle strength(asymmetric group) and 40 athletes with symmetrical trunk muscle strength(symmetrical group). Strength measurements of trunk and knee muscles were made with the IsoMed 2000 isokinetic device. Independent Samples T-Test or Mann Whitney-U test was used to compare variables according to their distribution status. The statistical error level was determined as p<0.05. Results In the symmetric group, the isokinetic muscle strength of the trunk flexor muscles was stronger than the asymmetric group (p<0.05) and the trunk extensor muscles were weaker than the asymmetric group (p 0.05). The Limb Symmetry Index(LSI) value of the two groups at 60°/sec was significantly different (p=0.032), and the dominant side in the symmetric group and the non-dominant side in the asymmetric group were stronger than the other side. Conclusions This result may be associated with knee joint injuries which are common in athletes with weak muscle strength, and can be attributed to the literature knowledge that core muscle weakness may increase the frequency of knee injury. Therefore, symmetrical core strengthening training can prevent possible injuries of athletes with asymmetrical trunk muscle strength. However, we think that more studies are needed to reveal this relationship.

19

Doping in Sport: The Case of Fencing

94%

Łuczak M.

|

2016

|

vol. 13

|

issue 1

133-142

EN

Most athletes in order to achieve satisfactory results have to train long and hard. However, some of them, aiming at victory at all costs, resort to doping. The benefits of winning are relatively small when compared to the damage of the human organism caused by doping. The phenomenon has been present in cycling, athletics, boxing, football, weightlifting and many other sport disciplines for many years. In fencing only few instances of the use of illegal substances during the competition were revealed, which was reflected in Polish and foreign sports press. In many European countries the use of doping is regulated by the anti-doping rules, regulations and policies that define these practices as penal acts. In Poland the problem of doping was first regulated by the Act on Physical Culture of 1984 and 1996 as well as the he Act of 1985 on Prevention of Drug Abuse. The regulations of FIE fencing competitions, prepared on the request of Polish Fencing Federation on the basis of the FIE competition rules in the disciplinary regulations of competitions prohibited the use of artificial stimulants during or before the competition. The aim of this paper is to present the threats in modern sports with particular attention to the phenomenon of doping in fencing, as well as in social terms. It is a case study and a study of selected issues connected to doping in contemporary sports. The author poses the question whether the fencers often are tempted to support their bodies with doping in order to achieve better results than the representatives of other sports? What percentage of the fencers were using illegal stimulants? Is there is a problem of doping in fencing, and if so, what is its scale?

20

New Paradigm: Science on Aggression with Sport in the Background

94%

Kosiewicz J.

|

EN

In this work, the author focuses in particular on aggressive behavior in competitive sports (highly ranked professional, spectator, and Olympic sports) and on the behavior of fans accompanying sporting events. Aggression in sports, when considered from the point of view of the regulations in specific disciplines, has two main variants. The first variant is necessary aggression, which is both instrumental and non-instrumental and is potential in the sense that it allows the manifestation of emotions which are not outlined in the rules of the discipline. Thus, aggression is considered necessary when it results from the rules of a given sport. The second form of aggression is a non-instrumental and unpredictable aggression which is of an emotional origin. It is reactive, characterized by anger, and aims to cause harm. It is not stimulated by the rules of a given sport, but on the contrary is restricted and punished by the rules. The author also points out that the aggressive behavior of fans before, during, and outside a sporting event will never be necessary in this respect because the rules, guidelines, or specific regulations of a sport apply to the behavior of players, not fans. Therefore, their aggression is potential, emotional, planned, or spontaneous, but never necessary.

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