The article presents data on monitoring the species composition of the zoobenthos of the Dnipro reservoir during 2015-2018. It has been found that a biocenosis of Dreissena (Dreissena bugensis, D polymorpha) was formed on the pass of the upper part of the reservoir on slightly silty sand. The bottom layers of water have been found to be slightly exposed to climatic factors due to slow flow; thus seasonal changes in zoobenthos in the profundal biotope are insignificant.
In the modern agricultural landscape major threats to plant species diversity are loss and fragmentation of habitats and communities. During the last century natural and semi-natural communities have faced also cessation of tradition management and increased load of nutrients. This paper presents a survey of studies on vegetation dynamics of woodlands in the northern part of the Carpathian foothills and of calcareous grasslands on limestone hills near Kraków. The causes of fargoing changes observed in communities of these types and possible management for their conservation are discussed. The nature conservation value of woods can be assessed by means of ancient woodland plant species indicators.