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Environmental diversity in somatic development and physical fitness of six-year-old children

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Trzcińska D., Świderska D., Tabor P., Olszewska E.

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism

2013

vol. 20

issue 4

269-273

Introduction. In the auxologic literature numerous publications confirming the importance of environmental factors for the biological processes of growth and development of motor skills of children and adolescents can be found. The aim of the study was a comparative assessment of the level of somatic development and physical fitness of six-year-old children in urban and rural areas. Material and methods. The study was conducted in 2011-2013. A total of 1,057 children, including the 371 boys and girls from the Warsaw agglomeration and 147 boys and 168 girls from the rural environment in the Lublin region were subjects of the study. The average age was 5.87 (±0.30) years. In order to determine the status of somatic development the following features were measured: height and weight, 3 circumferences (shoulder, chest and waist), and 5 skinfolds (above the biceps and triceps, subscapular, on the stomach and on the calf). To assess the motor level the fitness test was used, consisting of the 5 following tests: seated forward bend, shuttle run 10x5 m, standing long jump, sitting-up for 30 s, and 1 kg medicine ball throw with both hands above the head forward. In the mathematical analysis of numerical data the selected techniques of descriptive statistics and Student's t-test and chisquare test were used. Results. Average values of height and weight, and body circumferences were higher in the rural areas (in these measurements of boys' body weight and broad parameters differed significantly). In environments differing in the degree of urbanization of place of residence a similar level of fatness was reported. In the most tests of physical fitness better results were achieved by rural children. This dominance was found especially in the 10x5 m shuttle run and the medicine ball throw. In these tests, there were significant differences in both sex groups. In addition, rural boys achieved significantly better results in the standing long jump and girls - in forward bend. Conclusions. The presence of signaled in the literature urbanization gradients in the rates of somatic development in favor of the urban population was not confirmed. In terms of selected anthropometric parameters (body circumferences) even a significant advantage of six-year-old children in rural areas against the peers in the city was noted. Dominance of the respondents from the rural environment has also been found in the image of their physical fitness. Higher levels of somatic-motor school readiness of six-year-old children from rural areas as compared with urban peers were shown.

The somatic profile and motor performance of the students of the faculty of chemical and food technology slovak university of technology in Bratislava in five years period

100%

Robin P., Jaroslav H.

Physical Activity Review

2016

vol. 4

147-153

The aim of our work is to find out level of somatic development and motor performance of students of the 1.st year - class of FCHPT STU in Bratislava in five years period in years 2011 – 2015 (1881 women and 797 men). We used standardized test battery to recognize motor performance. Comparison of the motion efficiency testing results we used the test of statistical significance of differences in mean values of the significance level p - value<0,05, in program Statgraphic (One Way – ANOVA). Based on the results of measuring the level of somatic development , we found out that the body height has stagnating tendency for both men and women categories. Body weight had a stable level in men until 2014 , but its value is about 5 kg higher than the population average . The women had body weight except in 2014 rising trend. Both in men and women category in 2015 significantly increased body weight . Observing body mass in dex ( BMI ) we found out a significant increase in values only for women. The relative value of the body fat in both men and women category at approximately the same level without significant difference index BMI more than men but the value of body fat on th e other hand they were worse . In the test results of motor performance , we found out significantly lower levels of aerobic endurance compared to the first measurement in 2011 , both men and women. In the case of speed - power capabilities of the arms and tors o as well as for the dynamic force abdominal and hip muscles we can ́t confirm increasing or decreasing tendency. From our research it is clear that aerobic endurance is the ability which has decreasing trend from year to year for both men and women categor y.

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1 Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism

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1 Robin P.

1 Tabor P.

1 Trzcińska D.

1 Świderska D.

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Environmental diversity in somatic development and physical fitness of six-year-old children

The somatic profile and motor performance of the students of the faculty of chemical and food technology slovak university of technology in Bratislava in five years period