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Potential of the Adolescents, Suffering from Inflammatory Bowel Disease, for Overcoming Difficulties and Achieving the Intended Goals

100%
Wardak K., Celińska-Cedro D.
Polish Journal of Public Health
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2015
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vol. 124
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issue 4
178-182
EN
Introduction. Self-efficacy is one of the most important determinants of behavior of adults and adolescents. The degree of self confidence attributable to oneself in order to overcome the difficulties of life and to achieve one's goals, both in healthy subjects and patients, determines the size of the effort and perseverance in taking action. According to The World Health Organization till 2020, chronic diseases will be the major cause of disability, and can be one of the most costly health problems. Therapy of chronic illness on the threshold of adult life requires, in addition to a comprehensive medical approach, the patient's active participation in the implementation of the treatment process. Therefore, the potential of young people entering adult life with the burden of diagnosed disease may indicate the direction of education of the chronically ill adolescents. Aim. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of young people, both healthy and diagnosed with a chronic disease, to overcome difficulties of life. Material and methods. The study used a questionnaire and KompOs scale (Personal Competence Scale), a standardized test in the field of Health Psychology. The study included 80 subjects aged 15-18 years, 40 patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated in the IP-CZD in Warsaw and 40 healthy students from Rzeszow. The study used a questionnaire and KompOs scale (Personal Competence Scale), a standardized test in the field of Health Psychology. It allows the evaluation of such features in subjects such as strength and endurance needed to take action and then to continue it. Results. For young people despite of their health state the age of majority is mainly associated with a sense of autonomy, pursuing the job and the sense of responsibility for themselves and their families, without arousing fear in any of those groups. Parents of adolescents with IBD, however, still show too excessive protectiveness, and only 32.5% of children has a different view on that in comparison with 82.5% a group of healthy children. The sum of the results obtained on a scale KompOs, in both studied groups is at the same level of average values, (6 sten). The differences can be seen in correlation with sociodemographic characteristics such as: place of residence, financial situation or fertility families. Youth without chronic disease burden had the average level of self-efficacy (sten 6), whereas young patients diagnosed with IBD had a higher sense of efficacy (sten 7). Children with IBD, residing in large cities, have a higher average number of points in both the overall scale and subscales KompOs like (strength, endurance) than their healthy peers. Conclusions. Young people with non-specific inflammatory bowel disease have a greater sense of strength and perseverance than their peers. The statistical significance between the number of points was obtained in the KompOs scale in the city of <100 thousand. The financial situation of families is different in both groups, especially in the persistence subscale.
2
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Relationship of Different Perceived Exertion Scales in Walking or Running with Self-Selected and Imposed Intensity

100%
Dias M. R. C., Simão R., Machado G. H. R., Furtado H., Sousa N. F., Fernandes H. M., Saavedra F. J. F.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2014
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vol. 43
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issue 1
149-157
EN
The aims of this study were to: (1) compare the Heart Rate (HR) and Rating Perceived Exertion (RPE) in training with self-selected and imposed loads, and (2) associate the OMNI-Walk/Run and Borg scales with self-selected and imposed loads, both on a treadmill. Ten trained men (20.3 ± 2.0 years, 75.6 ± 9.8 kg, 175.1 ± 5.1 cm) participated in a training program with self-selected load (time and speed individually preferred) and another with imposed load (even self-selected time and speed 10% higher). The HR and RPE were measured, every minute of training, by the OMNIWalk/ Run and Borg scales. No significant differences were found in the HR and RPE between training sessions. The correlation between the OMNI-Walk/Run and Borg scales showed a moderate association (r = 0.55) in training with self-selected load and a strong association in imposed load (r = 0.79). In this study, self-selected load induced a suboptimal stimulus to elicit favorable organic adaptations. Moreover, high correlation of OMNI Walk/Run and Borg scales with the imposed load showed that the greater the load of training the best were answers of RPE.
3
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Perception of Self-Efficacy and Professional Burnout in General Education Teachers

100%
Brudnik M.
Human Movement
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2009
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vol. 10
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issue 2
170-175
EN
Purpose. The objective of the study was to determine to what degree general perception of self-efficacy protects general education teachers in Poland (educational stages II-IV) against professional burnout, and whether teachers of various subjects display any differences in this respect. Basic procedures. The study was carried out between April and June 2005 on a sample of 404 teachers (women n = 310, men n = 94). The diagnosis of the burnout syndrome was based on the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The perception of coping competences in teachers facing professional stress was measured with the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) (Polish version) by R. Schwarzer, M. Jerusalem and Z. Juczyński. Main findings. Teachers are characterized by a high level of self-efficacy perception. Conclusions. As a factor preventing development of the three-dimensional burnout syndrome, perception of self-efficacy protects teachers against a loss of professional satisfaction, increasing emotional exhaustion and a tendency to depersonalize their pupils. Teachers of various subjects perceive the preventive role of self-efficacy differently.
4
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Self-efficacy, self-esteem and body image as psychological determinants of 15-year-old adolescents’ physical activity levels

88%
Kołoło H., Guszkowska M., Mazur J., Dzielska A.
Human Movement
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2012
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vol. 13
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issue 3
264-270
EN
Purpose. The aim of the study was to analyze which psychological factors can determine the physical activity levels of 15-yearold adolescents. The psychological factors examined were self-efficacy, physical self-esteem (body weight and body appearance) and body image. A multifactorial perspective based on a socioecological approach as well as Bandura’s social learning theory was used to clarify the relationships between the determinants and physical activity levels. Methods. The study participants were 2277 15-year-old adolescents (1086 boys and 1191 girls). Selected questions and scales from HBS C’s international standard questionnaire were used, including the Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity index, the self perception of body weight and body appearance question, the General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Body Image Subscale. Results. It was found that over half of the Polish 15-year-old population featured an insufficient level of physical activity. Self-efficacy, body image and physical self-esteem of both body mass and body image were significant predictors of physical activity. The role of these predictors was found to be differentiated by gender. Conclusions. The physical activity levels of 15-year-old adolescents can be predicted by use of psychological variables.
5
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The role of individual predispositions in coping with the sudden loss of mobility caused by a traffic accident

75%
Mazur A., Sojka A., Stachyra-Sokulska A., Łukasiewicz J.
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vol. 17(2)
151-165
EN
The sudden loss of mobility is always an extremely difficult situation, since it entails many consequences. In the process of dealing with it, the individual’s predispositions play a significant role. Three predispositions seem to be crucial for maintaining emotional balance, accepting the existing health situation and coping with challenges: dispositional optimism, a sense of self-efficacy and psychological resilience. The aim of our study was to compare the levels of these individual predispositions and dimensions that affected the ability of the study group to cope with the sudden loss of mobility as a result of a traffic accident, and to determine the relationships between them. The study group consisted of 72 adults (36 women and 36 men), who suffered from full paralysis of the lower limbs due to spinal cord injury caused by a traffic accident. The research tools used were the GSES Scale, the LOT-R Test, the SPP-25 N Scale, the Beck Depression Scale, the AIS Scale and the CISS Questionnaire. The women in our study exhibited lower levels of all three of the selected predispositions. They also present more severe symptoms of depression and a lower acceptance of the loss of mobility. When facing stressful situations, they prefer the emotion-oriented style and, less frequently, the avoidant style, and they reveal a lower tendency to choose the task-oriented response. Dispositional optimism, self-efficacy and resilience positively correlate with acceptance of the disability and the use of a task-oriented style to cope with stress. However, they correlate negatively with the severity of depressive symptoms and a style focused on emotions. Gender is a moderator of relationships between the studied parameters.
6
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Stres psychologiczny i czynniki na niego wpływające u opiekuna dziecka krótkotrwale hospitalizowanego

63%
Krywda-Rybska D., Zdun-Ryżewska A., Zach E.
Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna
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2012
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vol. 8
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issue 3
268-271
EN
Introduction: A lot of research has been done on reactions of caregivers of children hospitalized for a long time and suffering from chronic diseases. There are not so much articles about the impact of short term hospitalization on family. Parent’s psychological well-being, level of stress, social support can affect children while even short hospitalization. Material: The examined group consisted of 64 caregivers of children hospitalized in Szpital Dziecięcy Polanki in Gdansk. Caregivers stayed with child during hospitalization and agreed to take part in the research. Children were average hospitalized for 7 days. Method: To gather data we used demographic and clinical survey. Caregivers were asked to estimate their level of stress. To measure way of coping with stress CISS was used, GSES to measure the level of control, CECS (showing or hiding emotions), and LOT-R (optimism). Results: There is a correlation between the caregiver’s level of stress and his/hers subjective estimation of children medical condition. There is correlation between the caregiver’s level of stress and seeking for social companionship, avoidance, and ways of coping focused on emotions. There was a correlation between level of stress and suppressing depression, and self-efficacy. Conclusions: 1) Caregiver’s high self-efficacy can decrease the level of stress – explaining to parents what they can do in their situation is very important. 2) Parents of younger children, suppressing their emotions, and very stressed should be given additional psychological help (psychoterapeutic and counseling).
PL
Wstęp: Wiele doniesień dotyczy reakcji rodziców i opiekunów w sytuacji przewlekłej hospitalizacji związanej z ciężką chorobą dziecka. Stosunkowo mniej badań pokazuje wpływ krótkotrwałej hospitalizacji na rodzinę. Kondycja psychiczna, poziom stresu rodzica, ilość wzajemnego wsparcia może przekładać się na stan dziecka także w tej sytuacji. Materiał: W badaniu udział wzięło 65 opiekunów dzieci hospitalizowanych w Szpitalu Dziecięcym Polanki w Gdańsku. Kryteriami włączenia było przebywanie z dzieckiem i wyrażenie zgody na badanie. Średni czas hospitalizacji dziecka w badanej grupie wyniósł około 7 dni. Metoda: W badaniu wykorzystano ankiety w celu zebrania danych demograficznych i klinicznych oraz określenia nasilenia subiektywnie odczuwanego przez rodzica stresu. Wykorzystano kwestionariusz CISS (do pomiaru stylu radzenia sobie ze stresem), GSES (pomiar poczucia kontroli), CECS (pomiar stopnia ujawniania lub tłumienia emocji) oraz LOT-R (pomiar optymizmu). Wyniki: Natężenie stresu odczuwanego przez rodzica hospitalizowanego dziecka koreluje z wiekiem dziecka oraz subiektywną oceną stanu dziecka dokonywaną przez rodzica. Zaobserwowano ujemną korelację pomiędzy odczuwanym przez rodzica natężeniem stresu a poszukiwaniem kontaktów towarzyskich, unikaniem oraz dodatnią współzależność między poziomem stresu a stylem skoncentrowanym na emocjach. Wystąpiło również nieznaczne powiązanie między poziomem stresu a tłumieniem depresji oraz poczuciem własnej skuteczności. Wnioski: 1) Poczucie własnej skuteczności u opiekunów i rodziców hospitalizowanych dzieci może zmniejszać odczuwany stres – wskazywanie obszarów pozostających pod kontrolą rodziców (tego, co rodzic może robić w sytuacji choroby dziecka) może zwiększać poczucie skuteczności. 2) Rodzice młodszych dzieci tłumiący emocje smutku, przeżywający silny stres mogliby zostać objęci dodatkową opieką psychologiczną (terapeutyczne wsparcie, poradnictwo) w celu zmniejszenia poziomu przeżywanego stresu.
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