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EN
Introduction. Chromosomal abnormalities, one of the leading causes of pregnancy complications, attract attention of both researchers and clinicians. They use two approaches to identify chromosomal abnormalities, namely screening and diagnostic tests. Ultrasonography is a very reliable screening and diagnostic tool, but the only way to determine if there are any chromosomal defects in the fetus, is performing one of invasive diagnostics tests chorionic villus sampling (CVS), cordocentesis or amniocentesis. Unfortunately, these invasive diagnostic procedures carry a potentially high risk of complications. Using amniocentesis means a procedure-related miscarriage risk at a rate of about 0.5-1%. Aim. The aim of this paper was to present our own experience, results in performing amniocentesis and a review of the literature. Material and methods. During a 10-year period 237 mid-trimester, transabdominal amniocenteses were performed. Results. The follow-up revealed one spontaneous abortion within seven days after the procedure. Premature delivery occurred in fourteen cases (two of them with chromosomal abnormalities). No neonatal deaths related to amniocentesis were noticed. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 33 patients. Conclusions. In the group with chromosomal abnormalities the main indications to perform amniocentesis were: improper ultrasound scan and the first trimester biochemical, noninvasive screening tests. This is a proof that modern, non-invasive procedures like the first-trimester ultrasound scan and biochemical tests should be made available to every pregnant woman and not only to mothers’ aged >35 years or those with a poor obstetrics history.
EN
Abdominal ultrasound is extremely useful in paediatrics. It can be used not only to diagnose diseases but also as a screening test. Objectives: The aim of this study was to prove that abdominal ultrasound in children can be used as a screening test. Methods: One hundred seventy-five children were examined. These were patients who never had such a test before; 29% of them were infants, 71% constituted children over 1 year. Results: In 14% of examined children abnormalities were detected. The most common anomaly was renal dilatation. The abnormalities in abdominal ultrasound were found in 19.3% of examined girls and in 10.3% of boys. Among the infants it was 27.4% and among children over 1 year – 9.7%. Discussion: In examined group of patients significantly more abnormalities were detected in group of children under 1 year. Taking sex to consideration, major percentage of anomalies were found in girls. Big group constituted patients with renal dilatation and patients with double kidneys. One of conducted exam detected abdominal tumour that didn’t show any symptoms. Summation: It is reasonable to use the abdominal ultrasound in children as a screening test in their early years, because it helps to diagnose a variety of conditions and congenital disorders that unfold furtively and don’t show any symptoms.
PL
Badanie USG jamy brzusznej jest niezwykle przydatne w pediatrii. Może być wykorzystywane nie tylko jako badanie diagnostyczne, ale również jako badanie przesiewowe. Cel pracy: Celem pracy była ocena zasadności wykonania badania USG jamy brzusznej jako badania przesiewowego u dzieci. Materiał i metody: Przebadano 175 dzieci, u których badanie USG jamy brzusznej było wykonywane po raz pierwszy w życiu. Spośród nich 29% stanowiły niemowlęta, a 71% dzieci powyżej 1. roku życia. Wyniki: U 14% przebadanych dzieci wykryto nieprawidłowości, głównie w obrębie układu moczowego. Najczęściej stwierdzano poszerzenie układu kielichowo-miedniczkowego. Zmiany w badaniu USG jamy brzusznej stwierdzono u 19,3% przebadanych dziewczynek oraz u 10,3% chłopców. Wśród niemowląt odsetek ten wynosił 27,4%, z kolei u starszych dzieci – 9,7%. Omówienie: W przebadanej grupie pacjentów znacznie więcej nieprawidłowości opisano w grupie dzieci poniżej 1. roku życia, a biorąc pod uwagę płeć – w badaniach wykonanych u dziewczynek. Dużą grupę dzieci stanowili pacjenci z poszerzeniami układów kielichowo-miedniczkowych oraz pacjenci ze zdwojonymi nerkami. Jedno z wykonanych badań pozwoliło uwidocznić guz w obrębie jamy brzusznej, który nie dawał jeszcze żadnych objawów. Podsumowanie: Wykonywanie badania USG jamy brzusznej jako badania przesiewowego we wczesnym okresie życia jest zasadne, ponieważ pozwala na wykrycie wad wrodzonych oraz wielu procesów chorobowych, które przebiegają skrycie i nie dają jeszcze żadnych objawów.
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