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Strategies to increase selectivity of analytical methods for As, Cr and Se speciation in biological samples: A review

100%
Carvalho D. C., Coelho N. M. M., Melo Coelho L., Borges S. S. S., Neri T. S., Alves V. N.
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issue 1
EN
This review provides an overview and discusses different analytical strategies that minimize or eliminate the preparation of samples for speciation of organic and inorganic species of As, Cr and Se in samples of biological interest. These metals are important for the human body and the presence of various chemical forms of metals determines its essentiality and toxicity, thus speciation comes as an important tool for the study of biological samples. However, speciation requires a reduction in the steps of sample preparation, allowing a sample investigation in its most native form in order to reduce the changes in chemical species. The strategies proposed for speciation of these metals include: solid phase extraction, point cloud extraction, suspension and direct analysis. Selected methods proposed for the speciation of organic and inorganic species of As, Cr and Se were reviewed including their main figures of merit, advantages and disadvantages
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Sample Preparation for Determination of Biological Thiols by Liquid Chromatography and Electromigration Techniques

88%
Bald E., Department o f Environmental Chemistry U. o. L.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Chimica
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2004
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vol. 13
PL
Wydrukowano z dostarczonych Wydawnictwu UŁ gotowych materiałów
EN
Majority of the bioanalytical or environmental methods do not use just one chromatografie or electrophoretic step, but rather involve several sample pretreatment steps which simplfy the matrix, and often preconcentrate and chemically modify the analytes. This work surveys typical procedures for sample preparation for most commonly analyzed biofluids with particular emphasis placed on chemical derivatization of sulfur amino acids for their determination by liquid phase separation techniques. Recent author's laboratory contribution to the development of sample preparation procedures is merked.
3
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Miniaturized sample preparation based on carbon nanostructures

75%
Cárdenas S.
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issue 1
EN
The evolution of analytical methodologies has been driven by the objective to reduce the complexity of sample treatment while increasing the efficiency of the overall analytical process. For this reason, the analytical chemist takes into consideration advances in other scientific areas and systematically evaluates the potential influence that such discoveries might have on its own discipline. This is the present situation with nanostructured materials, which have already been recognized as a revolution in many scientific and technological fields, including analytical chemistry. Carbon nanoparticles have been a cornerstone in the advance of miniaturization of analytical processes. This review article considers the contribution of four reference carbon nanoparticles: nanotubes, graphene, nanohorns/ cones and fullerenes, in the context of miniaturized sample treatment, where their outstanding sorbent properties are by far the most exploited in (micro) solid phase extraction.
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