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EN
Introduction: Despite years of research and scientific work, it has not yet been possible to produce such a valuable medication as blood. The pandemic does not reduce the need for blood, quite the opposite. However, due to the pandemic, the number of blood donors has dropped dramatically across the country. The aim of the study was to find out the opinions and attitudes of the respondents towards blood donation during the pandemic period and to assess their knowledge of the principles related to safe blood donation during this period.Material and methods: The study was conducted using a diagnostic survey method and the tool was our own research questionnaire. The study was conducted in February 2021, using Google Forms platform. In total, data were collected from 150 individuals (females: 60.6%, males 39.4%) aged between 16 and 73 years (mean 31.4 ± 12.4 years). Statistical analyses used a significance level of p = 0.05.Results: Nearly 39.7% of the respondents were regular blood donors, 12% of the respondents donated blood several times (12.3%). Blood was donated more often by men, people aged over 30 years, urban residents, and people with higher education (p < 0.001). Most people continued to donate blood despite the COVID-19 pandemic (49.7%). Respondents who have donated blood so far still mostly want to donate blood after the pandemic (90%), among those who have not done so 38% want to do so after the pandemic (p < 0.001). The vast majority of respondents believed it was safe to donate blood during the pandemic (93%), and most were aware that symptoms of infection disqualify a blood donor (83.2%). Only 43.2% knew that “Convalescents who donate plasma are entitled to a blood donation deduction”.Conclusions: The current pandemic situation is not an obstacle to donating blood. Blood donations should not be withheld unless there are health contraindications. Due to additional procedures, it is still safe to donate blood. Efforts to promote blood donation during the COVID-19 pandemic should be continued.
OphthaTherapy
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2017
|
vol. 4
|
issue 4
199-209
EN
Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is an important treatment option in open angle glaucoma. It has been shown to be as effective as argon laser trabeculoplasty in primary open angle glaucoma while having an improved safety profile. Its use is also indicated for other subtypes of open angle glaucoma (OAG) such as pseudoexfoliation (PXE) and pigmentary glaucoma. In this review, we present the current literature on the role of SLT in treating OAG. The indications, duration of effect, repeatability, cost effectiveness and clinical effectiveness of SLT were reviewed. Available evidence comparing SLT with ALT and medical treatment are also presented. We also discuss the applicability of SLT for PXE, pigmentary glaucoma, normal tension glaucoma and advanced OAG. Lastly, the complications of SLT and areas of further research are discussed.
EN
Introduction The assessment of the safety profile of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir+dasabuvir in adult chronic hepatitis C patients with confirmed HCV genotype 1 presence. Material and method Evaluation of clinical safety based on the results of primary studies found in the systematic review. The following literature databases were searched: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and others. Results Finally two clinical trial met the inclusion criteria. The study included untreated patients (SAPPHIRE I) or patients after unsuccessful therapy (SAPPHIRE II), with genotype 1 infection. In patients without prior treatment the prevalence of the reported adverse events was in general statistically significantly greater in the group on therapy 3D+RBV compared to the placebo group. No statistically significant differences were observed in relation to the risk of serious adverse events or therapy discontinuance due to adverse events. In patients after unsuccessful therapy the prevalence of the reported adverse events was statistically significantly greater in the group on therapy 3D+RBV compared to the placebo group. During the 3D+RBV itching was statistically significantly more frequently reported in the placebo group. Compared to the other adverse events, no statistically significant differences were observed. Conclusions Interferon-free therapies provide a safe therapeutic option in the population of adult patients with chronic genotype 1 hepatitis C, both those untreated and after unsuccessful two-drug PegIFNα-based therapy, patients with HIV co-infection and patients after liver transplantation.
EN
To discuss the feasibility and safety of prophylactic tentorium cerebelli hiatus incision in surgery of glioma located in lateral fissure area. There were 80 patients with glioma located in lateral fissure area who received treatment from May 2012 to May 2015, divided into two groups, the research group (n=40) and control group (n=40), and then statistical analysis was carried out. Difference in total resection rate and subtotal resection rate of glioma between patients of the research group and those of the control group was not significant (P>0.05); intracranial pressure of patients in the research group was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05), their hospital stay was significantly shorter than that of the control group (P<0.05), times of using mannitol were significantly fewer than control group (P<0.05), but the differences of acute renal function damage and second surgery occurrence rate between patients of the two groups were not significant (P>0.05). Prophylactic tentorium cerebelli hiatus incision in surgery of glioma located in lateral fissure area can effectively reduce patients’ intracranial pressure, shorten patients’ hospital stay and reduce patients’ times of using mannitol without increasing the rate of patients’ acute renal function damage and second surgery.
EN
Nowadays, recreational activity is not only the general tendency to improve physical function, but is also associated with increased physical effort and risk. For example, there has been the development of more sophisticated and dangerous forms of skiing. Today, skiing can be divided into downhill skiing, practiced in ski resorts, and freeskiing. The freeskiing forms include ski-touring and freeride, considered as extreme. The extreme forms are characterized by high risk as the main motive for their practice. The most important predisposition to engage in those activities is the courage expressed in risk taking propensity. Risk taking propensity is a personality trait that affects human decisions in risky situations. Depending on its severity, more or less risky behavior can be observed. The aim of the study was to determine the level of propensity to risk behaviors of people involved in forms of activity associated with a higher risk in comparison with other participants, on the example of recreational skiing. The questionnaire constructed by Ryszard Studenski was used to measure the risk taking propensity and frequency of risky behavior. The research was carried out on 40 persons classified on the basis of the declaration of preferred form of skiing. People practicing extreme forms of winter activity (skitouring, ski-mountaineering) showed lower level of risk taking propensity than a group of downhill skiers. It was found that the preference of risky sports is not definitely related to the higher propensity to risk-taking behavior.
EN
Electrotherapy is considered a very effective and safe therapeutic method. Its most frequently described adverse effect is the impairment of cognitive functions. Currently, the most commonly applied form of electrotherapy are bitemporal procedures and the most frequent and best-studied indication for its application are depressive disorders. A method combining high effectiveness with satisfactory safety is the bifrontal application of the electrodes, although study results are often inconsistent. An issue which should also be noted is the lack of studies comparing the effectiveness of bifrontal and bitemporal procedures in the reduction of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and assessing the safety of these methods in terms of the influence on cognitive functions. The present paper presents a clinical description of four patients with schizophrenia who have undergone electrotherapy procedures performed applying the bifrontal method. The decisive indication for applying the bifrontal procedures were the memory disturbances the persistence of which was reported by the patients during the application of bitemporal procedures. The analysed clinical cases indicate the effectiveness of the bifrontal electrotherapy procedures which was comparable with the effectiveness of bitemporal procedures with the simultaneous better toleration of the former. Improvement was observed in terms of paranoid, catatonic and negative schizophrenia symptoms. At the same time the patients reported subjectively better tolerance of the procedures, as well as improvement in the recalling of facts and events.
PL
Elektroterapię uznaje się za bardzo skuteczną i bezpieczną metodę terapeutyczną. Jej najczęściej opisywanym działaniem niepożądanym jest upośledzenie funkcji poznawczych. Obecnie najpowszechniej stosowaną formą elektroterapii są zabiegi dwuskroniowe, a najczęstszym i najlepiej przebadanym wskazaniem – zaburzenia depresyjne. Metodą łączącą wysoką efektywność z zadowalającym bezpieczeństwem jest dwuczołowe przyłożenie elektrod, choć wyniki badań często bywają niespójne. Należy także odnotować brak badań porównujących skuteczność zabiegów dwuczołowych i dwuskroniowych w redukcji objawów pozytywnych i negatywnych schizofrenii oraz oceniających bezpieczeństwo tych metod w zakresie wpływu na funkcje poznawcze. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono opis kliniczny czterech pacjentów chorujących na schizofrenię, u których przeprowadzono zabiegi elektroterapii metodą dwuczołową. Decydującym wskazaniem do zastosowania zabiegów dwuczołowych były zgłaszane przez chorych zaburzenia pamięci utrzymujące się w trakcie stosowania zabiegów dwuskroniowych. Przeanalizowane przypadki kliniczne wskazują na skuteczność zabiegów dwuczołowej elektroterapii porównywalną ze skutecznością zabiegów dwuskroniowych przy lepszej ich tolerancji. Obserwowano poprawę w zakresie objawów paranoidalnych, katatonicznych i negatywnych schizofrenii. Jednocześnie pacjenci relacjonowali subiektywnie lepszą tolerancję zabiegów, jak również poprawę w przypominaniu faktów i wydarzeń.
EN
The paper gives an outlook of history, present and future of international (IEC) and European (EN) standards relating to diagnostic radiology equipment. These standards may be safety, quality assurance or performance standards; all of them include testing methods. Elaboration and publication of a new series of safety standards is in progress.Acceptance and conformance testing activity of the accredited Radiohygiene Department Laboratory of NRIRR according to these standards is reported.
EN
Compared to adult patients, ultrasonography in children and adolescents is much more common, due to lack of ionizing radiation, and its wide availability. With the introduction of contrast-media for use in ultrasonography, one major drawback of the method could be overcome. In Europe, SonoVue® is the only widely available agent, which due to improved stability makes it possible to image normal and diseased tissue perfusion and vascularization with high accuracy. Inability to hold the breath and voluntary body movement of the patient is less of an obstacle compared to color Doppler techniques and makes the method very attractive for use in children, which, depending on age, may not be very cooperative. Use of intravenous contrast-medium in minors is currently very limited for several reasons: availability, lack of recommendation in national and international guidelines, and lack of official licensing. The article will touch medical indications, technique, safety considerations, and perspective of intravenous use of contrast-media in children and adolescents, including data from a 6-year period in 37 patients. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to collect data on ultrasonographic examinations, expanded by intravenous administration of the contrast agent SonoVue® in children and adolescents. Besides assessing diagnostic yield, data on adverse medication effects was collected. Materials and methods: The study includes contrast-enhanced ultrasound examinations in 37 children at a single institution. Indications for the examinations were tumor lesions, infections, traumatic organ injuries, and parenchymal organ ischemia. Parents of the patients and adolescent patients were informed about the off-label use of the contrast agent. Thirty-nine examinations were performed, the average age of the patient was 11.1 years (range 1 7/12 to 17 11/12 years). Results: All of the examinations yielded additional diagnostic value, always expanding results from B mode and color coded sonography. Overall, most examinations were done to assess the liver (n=16), followed by the kidney in 10 cases. The different etiologies were encountered in the following order: tumor (n=22), infection (n=9), trauma (n=5), ischemia (n=4). Most examinations were performed to evaluate a hepatic lesion (n=12). There was one incident recorded that fit the criteria of a possible adverse effect. In an 8-year-old girl nausea was noted, that started 15 minutes after the end of the examination and resolved spontaneously. In none of the patients medical treatment for adverse effects was necessary. Conclusion: Ultrasonography in children, enhanced by intravenous use of contrast medium is feasible and allows for further evaluating cystic and solid tumors, and organ perfusion. Given that proper medical equipment and correct ultrasound machine settings are used, it is a robust method without diagnostic failures. In this small-sized case series there were no severe adverse effects, however, off-label use in children needs to be addressed.
PL
Badania ultrasonograficzne są wykonywane w populacji pediatrycznej znacznie częściej niż u osób dorosłych. Metoda ta jest szeroko dostępna oraz nie naraża pacjenta na promieniowanie jonizujące. Wraz z wprowadzeniem do ultrasonografii środków kontrastujących przezwyciężono jedno z ograniczeń metody, jakim był brak możliwości oceny perfuzji. W Europie szeroko stosowanym ultrasonograficznym środkiem kontrastującym jest SonoVue®, który pozwala skutecznie obrazować unaczynienie oraz prawidłową albo upośledzoną perfuzję tkankową. Zastosowanie dożylnych środków kontrastujących u dzieci i młodzieży jest obecnie w Europie ograniczone, głównie z powodu braku krajowych i międzynarodowych wytycznych określających stosowanie, a także braku rejestracji środków kontrastujących u pacjentów poniżej 18. roku życia. W artykule przedstawiono wskazania, technikę badania, omówiono względy bezpieczeństwa oraz perspektywy stosowania dożylnych środków kontrastujących u dzieci i młodzieży na podstawie badań własnych przeprowadzonych w ostatnich 6 latach u 37 pacjentów. Cel pracy: Celem badania była ocena przydatności badań ultrasonograficznych poszerzonych o zastosowanie dożylnego środka kontrastującego SonoVue® u dzieci i młodzieży, z uwzględnieniem działań niepożądanych. Materiał i metody: Badania ultrasonograficzne z zastosowaniem dożylnego środka kontrastującego wykonano u 37 dzieci w ośrodku autora. Przeprowadzono 39 badań. Średnia wieku pacjentów wynosiła 11,1 roku (zakres od 17/12 do 17 11/12 roku). Wskazaniami do badania były guzy, infekcje, urazy i niedokrwienie narządów wewnętrznych. Rodziców pacjentów oraz młodzież poinformowano o braku rejestracji stosowanego środka kontrastującego. Wyniki: We wszystkich wykonanych badaniach z zastosowaniem dożylnego ultrasonograficznego środka kontrastującego uzyskano dodatkowe, istotne z punktu widzenia klinicznego informacje, uzupełniające badania w opcji B-mode i z wykorzystaniem dopplera kodowanego kolorem. Większość badań dotyczyła oceny zmian w wątrobie (n=16), w 10 przypadkach w nerkach. Stwierdzono następujące nieprawidłowości: guzy (n=22), infekcje (n=9), urazy (n=5) oraz upośledzenie przepływu (n=4). Większość badań przeprowadzono w celu oceny zmiany zlokalizowanej w wątrobie (n=12). Odnotowano jeden przypadek odpowiadający kryteriom możliwej reakcji niepożądanej – u ośmioletniej dziewczynki 15 minut po zakończeniu badania wystąpiły nudności, które samoistnie ustąpiły. U żadnego pacjenta nie było konieczne leczenie reakcji niepożądanych. Wnioski: Badanie ultrasonograficzne z zastosowaniem dożylnego środka kontrastującego u dzieci jest możliwe do przeprowadzenia i pozwala na dokładniejszą ocenę zmian ogniskowych (torbielowatych i litych) oraz perfuzji narządowej. Przy zastosowaniu odpowiedniej aparatury oraz właściwych ustawień stanowi doskonałą metodę, dzięki której można uniknąć pomyłek diagnostycznych. W badanej grupie nie odnotowano reakcji niepożądanych. Problemem pozostaje brak rejestracji ultrasonograficznych środków kontrastujących u dzieci.
EN
INTRODUCTION: Kinesiology taping can be used as an independent or supportive method in rehabilitation. It can be utilized for many injuries, disorders and diseases. The aim of this observational study was to record the incidence of contact allergies or other adverse skin changes amongst patients with neurological disorders treated with kinesiology tape. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and sixty patients from four countries (Poland, Spain, England, Holland) both females and males, treated with kinesiology tape were included. The second author (Poland) looked for skin reactions during each new application. In the other three countries (Spain, England, Holland) therapists initiated tape application and parents or caregiver’s reported to the first author by means of an online questionnaire. RESULTS: The incidence of skin reaction was 9.38%. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the fact that kinesiology taping is regarded as an effective, safe and patient-friendly treatment, there is still need for careful application. This is especially the case in neurological patients with possible sensory deficits and/or patients in a (sub)conscious state. Increased awareness of possible allergic (contact dermatitis) re-actions should increase the safety of this method.
PL
WSTĘP: Kinesiotaping może być wykorzystywany jako samodzielna lub uzupełniająca metoda rehabilitacyjna. Jest przydatny w wielu urazach, zaburzeniach i schorzeniach. Celem badania jest zarejestrowanie częstości występowania alergii kontaktowych lub innych niekorzystnych zmian skórnych w grupie pacjentów z deficytem neurologicznym poddawanych terapii tą metodą. MATERIAŁ I METODY: Do badania włączono 160 pacjentów z czterech krajów (Polska, Hiszpania, Wielka Brytania i Holandia), kobiet i mężczyzn, poddanych terapii z wykorzystaniem kinesiotapingu. Drugi autor (Polska) samodzielnie badał reakcje skórne podczas każdej nowej aplikacji, natomiast w pozostałych trzech krajach (Hiszpania, Wielka Brytania, Holandia) terapeuci zaczynali oklejanie, a rodzice/opiekunowie relacjonowali pierwszemu autorowi jego efekty za pomocą kwestionariusza internetowego. WYNIKI: Częstość występowania reakcji skórnych wyniosła 9,38%. WNIOSKI: Pomimo faktu, że wykorzystanie plastrów do kinesiotapingu jest uważane za efektywną, bezpieczną i przyjazną dla pacjenta formę terapii, ciągle istnieje potrzeba uważnej aplikacji plastra. Nabiera to szczególnego znaczenia u pacjentów neurologicznych, z możliwymi deficytami czucia, i/lub pacjentów z zaburzeniami przytomności. Zwiększona świadomość dotycząca możliwości wystąpienia reakcji alergicznych (alergii kontaktowej) powinna podwyższyć bezpieczeństwo omawianej metody.
EN
Many hikers, mountaineers and climbers use telescopic sticks because they may aid walking up/downhill and may also ease the strain on the spine and the lower extremity joints particularly the knees. The reductions during downhill walking with hiking poles are caused primarily by the forces applied to the hiking poles and by a change in posture to a more forward leaning position of the upper body.In order to have any benefits from telescopic sticks, they must be used with the correct technique: The sticks must be height-adjustable and have handles that are constructed in a way that the user’s hands, when pressing down, firm support is provided (or gained). It is of utmost importance to use the sticks as close as possible to the body’s line of fall. It has been shown that there is no significant difference in using one or two sticks when walking without a load, but when walking with a load, balance is significantly enhanced by using two hiking sticks rather than one. Previously a possible loss of the ability to maintain balance in rough or exposed terrain (e.g. small ridges) has been discussed (Berghold, F. personal communication). However, this could not be supported by studies. At high altitude or in cold environment the sticks should not be adjusted too long (the hands should be lower than the elbow when using the stick), because otherwise the circulation will be impaired and the user will get cold fingers in a very short time.
EN
Introduction: Young people serving as volunteers in international projects show a different risk profile to “normal” travellers. Data are scarce. While infectious risks were published elsewhere we focus now on non-infectious risks. Material and methods: 153 questionnaires, obtained from volunteers returning from their project were evaluated. Questions included age, situation abroad (living space and work), travel experience, region of the project, language skills, pre-travel advise, type of problems abroad (accidents, traffic, violence, robbery, sexual assault, psychosocial stress etc.). Results: Several factors, normally not included in pre-travel advice, cause significant psychosocial stress which decreases a bit during the stay. Special problems are insufficient language skills, (subjective) safety at night, traffic / transport, and violence. Psychosocial stress was the most important reason to stop the activity and to return home ahead of schedule (4% of all volunteers). Conclusions: Pre-travel advice of young volunteers should include psychosocial factors and other topics additional to infectious diseases, vaccination, and hygiene. Sufficient training in common but minor medical problems (headache, sunburn, minor wounds) is a “must”. A comprehensive advice and training may need two days and may be realized in groups of 5 to 12 participants. Health and safety should become a more important topic of all projects.
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