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1

“I am not too old to play” – The Past, Present and Future of 50 and Over Organized Sport Leagues

100%

Webb E., Stratas A., Karlis G.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2017

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vol. 74

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issue 1

12-18

2

Nordic Walking as a Form of Recreation

100%

Kunysz-Rozborska M., Rejman A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2019

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vol. 26

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issue 2

77-82

EN

Recently introduced on the Polish market, the Finnish product under the name of Nordic Walking gains more and more supporters and followers. When trying to determine the essence of Nordic Walking we should first define the term ‛physical activity’ and ‛recreation’. Nordic Walking belongs to a general motor activity. Physical activity is the amount of exercise or physical activity needed to develop and maintain one’s health. Quite a simple technique of motion while walking with poles, the possibility of maintaining control of exercise intensity and relatively inexpensive (compared to other disciplines) sports equipment contribute positively to the versatility of Nordic Walking and its availability to any person interested in this sport. The march with the poles is one of the most commonly undertaken, and the most natural form of exercise in everyday life, especially for people in middle and old age, as these particular age groups dominate in Nordic Walking. It does not require large financial outlays or specific time and place, as opposed to practicing fitness or bodybuilding. One can just go out for a daily walk and simply take the poles with them.

3

The State of Knowledge of Dietary, Physiological and Pharmacological Supplementation and the Preferential Use of These Substances by Persons Practising Recreational Bodybuilding

100%

Kruszewski M., Jagiełło W., Kutwin R.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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2012

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vol. 4

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issue 3

180-188

EN

Background: The aim of the study was to establish preferential use of dietary, physiological and pharmacological supplementation by persons practising recreational bodybuilding and to check whether it results from the respondents’ knowledge or whether it is accidental. Material/Methods: The group of subjects comprised 100 persons practising recreational bodybuilding in four well-known Lodz gyms. In the study the method of a diagnostic survey was used. A questionnaire containing 31 closed and opened questions constituted the research tool. Results: It was demonstrated that the state of knowledge concerning dietary supplementation is insufficient, despite its optimistic self-assessment, and because of that the preferences as to the applied nutrients are inappropriate. The knowledge of physiological supplementation substances and preferences of their use seem appropriate, although the multitude of the mentioned means can attest to information chaos in this respect. Results of the poll seem to show that the problem of illegal pharmacological supplementation refers not only to professional sports but also, unfortunately, to recreation. Conclusions: It is recommended to conduct a widespread informative action among persons practising recreational bodybuilding to make them aware of dietary supplementation. The majority of respondents have a sufficient level of knowledge of means of physiological supplementation, and preferences of using them seem correct. Even though the state of knowledge concerning health complications hazards when taking prohibited pharmacological supplementation should be regarded as high, still the majority of the subjects (58%) do not reject the possibility of using it. Inconsistencies of attitudes among persons practising bodybuilding recreationally manifest themselves through simultaneous support for anti-doping tests and the desire to take advantage of unlawful pharmacological supplementation.

4

Leisure as a Category of Culture, Philosophy and Recreation

100%

Zowisło M.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2010

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vol. 50

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issue 1

66-71

EN

When we look at the very origins of human world, civilization in its history and prehistory, we can trace strong evidence of the archaic presence of leisure in human life. It seems striking and meaningful that in fact all that is human streams out from leisure. Leisure occurs to be an arch-human phenomenon. This paper addresses this multidimensional cultural presence and the sense and value of leisure conceived as a source of civilization, symbolic thought, social institutions, habits and practices. The cultural primordiality of leisure is evident when we take into consideration an aboriginal release from total preoccupation with only impulsive and instinctual survival activities that took place in the era of Homo habilis some 2 millions years ago. It is obvious that free time was a great achievement of these evolutionary forms of human beings when we reflect upon the earliest seeds of consciousness expressed in primitive pebble tools. These tools tell us about at least three important messages from our prehistory: that first man must have had some free time to think about given life-troubles and inventing implements; that primitive tools must have been a real help and means for hastening and unburdening a load of work and must have given in effect a small amount of discretionary time to avoid impulsive activity; and last, that primitive tools afterwards became the first material for imaginative aesthetic transformation and gave the first impulse for art. So art was the earliest non-compulsory and non-functional field of free activity and a borderline between the biological and cultural existence of infra-human and human species, the former centered completely and instinctively on just remaining alive and the latter disclosing outdistanced, free and reflective behavior. The next evolutionary steps in development of using free time were religion and philosophy. In religious acts with their ritual practices human beings made holy days of their holidays. Philosophical contemplation gave broad space for autonomous and autotelic thinking and self-fulfilling practices focused on human intellectual and moral self-realization (semi-divine activity and happiness). But the most modern acceleration of exercising leisure is recreation understood as a differential area of physical culture, tourism, play and rest. Leisure occurs to be not only free time after obligatory activities bound up with biological determinants of life and with work are completed, it is also an important social factor (for instance, for the stratification of the levels or classes of society), an existential state of being, a phenomenon of rejuvenation, enjoyment, pastime, pleasure, distraction, indolence, idleness. Leisure appears at last a great challenge for humans to show their own specific and private attitude towards their lives and understanding their own position in the whole world. The authentic leisure is not void time, it is overfilled with creative acts confirming human freedom and capacity for transgressionvirtue, here and now, sentiments

5

Non-formal Education in the Animation of Leisure and Recreation versus the Development of Social Competence

88%

Paczyńska-Jędrycka M., Łubkowska W.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2016

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vol. 13

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issue 1

109-115

EN

This article is an empirical study on the possible use of non-formal education in the broadly understood animation of leisure time. The study was conducted using a diagnostic survey method, as well as the techniques of questionnaire and observation, during the last meeting under the project “Non-Formal and Formal Partnership in Adult Education” (Grundtvig Reference Number 2013-RO1- GRU06-29569 2) in Romania, at the turn of February and March 2015. The study included 16 non-formal education trainers from Greece, Latvia, Poland and Romania. The aim of the study was to show the impact of the project on the beneficiaries and the development of their individual social competence, as well as to demonstrate the work techniques of trainers with different social groups. An animator plays an important role in the organization of leisure time of the society, hence their continuous education seems almost necessary. The improvement of individual social competence of the trainers surveyed will certainly contribute to their attempt to pass a various range of games, plays and other activities (including non-formal education) to the participants of the classes.

6

The Influence of modern technologies on the selected determinants of tourism and recreation development

88%

Nadobnik J.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2019

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vol. 28

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issue 4

75-84

EN

The 21st century, especially its second decade, is a period of very dynamically developing science and technology, which is particularly manifested in many discoveries and inventions. The development of medical sciences, biotechnology, cybernetics, and computer science are making important progress. Industrial robots and other machines carry out programmed work by specialists faster, more precisely and economically than workers. Currently, there is no problem with smartphones to book a plane ticket, accommodation in a hotel, order a taxi or set the shortest route to the holiday destination. Unfortunately, adverse effects of technological progress are also observed, e.g. loss of workplaces caused by the introduction of new production technologies, loosening of social bonds, loneliness and depression of the individual, etc. The aim of the conducted research was to get to know the respondents’ opinions on selected problems related to modern technology in meeting the needs in the field of tourism and recreation and the impact of modern technology on the tourist labor market. The research group was narrowed down to students studying at the Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion of the University. Its participants were first- and second-cycle students − a total of 211 people aged 18 to 25 (58 women and 153 men). According to our research, the 92.16% of the respondents use the services available via the Internet, for example for shopping. The 85.29% of the respondents are not afraid of the risk of losing their job to modern technologies. Our research presented in this article shows that the vast majority of the respondents perceive the negative impact of the development of modern technologies on the labor market related to tourism and recreation. In order to stay on such a labor market, employees should constantly acquire new qualifications and be ready for a change of their job at multiple times during their careers.

7

Mental State and Motivation to Physical Exercise in University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland

75%

Muracki J., Zadarko-Domaradzka M., Zadarko E., Smoter M., Silva A. F., Kruszyńska E.

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vol. 44

39-53

EN

The Covid-19 pandemic brought consequences for many aspects of people’s lives all over the world, such as lockdown, social distancing and reduced accessibility to sports and recreational facilities. The aim of this study was to assess mental state, physical well-being, and motivation to exercise among Polish students of Physical Education and other fields of study, considering their gender, place of living and financial situation. The study involved 1424 students from different universities in Poland. Two questionnaires were used – the EMI-2 to measure motivation to exercise and an original questionnaire to assess daily physical activity, physical and mental well-being. While 31.7% of the students assessed their access to recreational facilities as very poor,71.8% of them rated their financial situation to be average or quite good. Over one-third of the students declared that both their physical and mental well-being (nearly 37% and 33% respectively) were very poor. Among all analyzed motivating factors to exercise, positive health, appearance and strength and endurance were classified as the most important. The importance of different motivating factors differed between the Physical Education students and those of other faculties. To conclude, physical and mental well-being of Polish students during the pandemic was poor. The main reasons were very poor access to recreational facilities, too much time spent in a sitting or lying position daily and insufficient physical activity.

8

Validation of the Polish version of the Self-reported Experiences of Activity Settings (SEAS) questionnaire

63%

Kulis A., Batorowicz B., Chrabota U.

Medical Rehabilitation

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2019

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vol. 23(4)

4-9

PL

Wprowadzenie: Pomimo rosnącego zainteresowania formami zagospodarowania czasu wolnego i jego wpływu na wiele aspektów życia, ciągle jeszcze zbyt mało uwagi poświęca się zrozumieniu indywidualnych doświadczeń ich uczestników. Ważne jest nie tylko co robimy, ale także to, jak wykonywane zajęcie wpływa na ogólne samopoczucie, funkcjonowanie i pełnienie ról społecznych. Cel: Celem pracy jest przedstawienie procesu walidacji polskiej wersji kwestionariusza Self-reported Experiences of Activity Settings (SEAS). Materiał i metody: Badania przeprowadzono w grupie 153 osób w wieku 10-22 lat (średnia 15,5 ± 3,3). Badani zostali podzieleni na cztery grupy. Proces tłumaczenia i adaptacji kulturowej został przeprowadzony według międzynarodowych zasad opracowanych przez ISPOR. Wyniki: Współczynnik alfa Cronbacha dla całego kwestionariusza wyniósł 0,953. Wskaźniki zgodności wewnętrznej alfa Cronbaha dla grup pytań w polskiej wersji kwestionariusza TeDeMAR były większe lub równe 0,70 i bliskie wartościom tego współczynnika w wersji angielskiej kwestionariusza. Wyniki badania stałości testu wykonane w grupie 4. wykazały brak istotnych statystycznie różnic (p>0,05) pomiędzy poszczególnymi grupami pytań Wnioski: Kwestionariusz TeDeMAR jako polskojęzyczna wersja kwestionariusza SEAS spełnił wszystkie kryteria walidacji.

EN

Introduction: Despite the growing interest in various forms of leisure time management and their influence on various aspects of human life, still not enough attention is paid to understanding individual experiences of participation in classes. It is important not only what we do, but also how the activity affects overall well-being, functioning and role play in society. Objective: The aim of this work is to present the process of validation of the Polish version of the Self-reported Experiences of Activity Settings (SEAS) questionnaire. Material and methods: The study was conducted in a group of 153 people aged 10-22 years (mean 15.5 ± 3.3). The study participants were divided into four groups. The process of translation and cultural adaptation was carried out according to international rules developed by ISPOR. Results: The alpha Cronbach index for the whole questionnaire was 0.953. The internal alpha Cronbach index for question groups in the Polish version of the TeDeMAR questionnaire was higher or equal to 0.70 and close to the values of this index in the English version of the questionnaire. The results of the constancy test performed in group 4 showed no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between the individual question groups. Conclusions: The TeDeMAR questionnaire, as the Polish version of the SEAS questionnaire, met all validation criteria.

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Aktywność fizyczna Polaków w porównaniu z aktywnością fizyczną Polaków mieszkających w Wielkiej Brytanii

51%

Jabłońska Ż., Tomaszewski W.

Polish Journal of Sports Medicine

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2020

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vol. 36(2)

73-84

EN

Background. Physical activity plays an important role in human life. For ages we have been aware of the favorable effect of physical exercise on the human body. There are multiple benefits of physical activity. Each of us takes exercise, but not every exercise level is sufficient to have a favorable effect on the human body. In order to obtain such an effect, physical exercise should be regularly performed with an adequate intensity. The aim of the experiment was to compare and grade physical activity in the Polish population living at least 5 years in Great Britain and the Polish population living in Poland. The following hypothesis was constructed: The Poles living abroad differently perceive themselves and their involvement in physical activity. They devote more time to exercising and they know active forms of leisure activities. Given that fact, it was expected that the Poles living abroad would differently perceive themselves and their involvement in physical activity. Materials and methods. A short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used for the research. The total of 80 persons participated in the survey. Six participants were excluded from the study. The results were calculated using an arithmetic mean. Percentile analysis was conducted. The frequency of vigorous and moderate physical exercise including walking and the amount of time spent in a seated position were measured, and the values corresponding to weekly involvement in physical activity were calculated. Based on the obtained values the following parameters were calculated: the level of physical activity, number of people undertaking intensive physical exercise, the frequency of vigorous exercise performance, the average number of days spent on intensive physical exercise performance, the average time (during the day) spent on for intensive exercise performance, the number of people who did not perform vigorous physical exercise, the number of people performing moderate physical exercise, the frequency of moderate exercise performance, the mean number of days spent on moderate exercise performance, the mean time dedicated to moderate exercise (minutes), the number of days subjects spent walking - going for walks during the last weekend, the average time spent walking (in minutes) and mean time spent in a sitting position (minutes). Results. The obtained values did not reveal any statistically significant differences. Conclusions. The results indicate that the mentality of Poles does not change with their place of abode. Habits and leisure time activities do not change due to moving to another place.

PL

Wstęp. Aktywność fizyczna niesie ze sobą wiele korzyści. Każdy podejmuje wysiłek, jednak nie każdy wysiłek fizyczny jest wystarczający. Aby zachodziło jak najwięcej pozytywnych zmian w organizmie, wysiłek fizyczny powinien być podejmowany regularnie, z odpowiednią intensywnością. Celem pracy było porównanie i ocena poziomu aktywności fizycznej Polaków mieszkających co najmniej 5 lat w Wielkiej Brytanii oraz w Polsce. Materiał i metody. Do badań wykorzystano Międzynarodowy Kwestionariusz Aktywności fizycznej IPAQ w wersji skróconej. W badaniach uczestniczyło 80 osób. Sześć osób zostało wykluczonych z badań. Wyniki opracowano na bazie średniej arytmetycznej. Wykonano analizę procentową. Zbadano częstość podejmowania intensywnych i umiarkowanych wysiłków fizycznych, chodzenia, czas spędzany w pozycji siedzącej oraz wartość tygodniowej aktywności fizycznej. Na podstawie uzyskanych danych określono poziom aktywności fizycznej oraz: liczbę osób podejmujących intensywny wysiłek fizyczny, częstość podejmowania intensywnego wysiłku fizycznego, średnią liczbę dni przeznaczaną na intensywny wysiłek fizyczny, średni czas poświęcany w ciągu dnia na intensywny wysiłek fizyczny, liczbę osób niepodejmujących intensywnych wysiłków fizycznych, liczbę osób podejmujących umiarkowany wysiłek fizyczny, częstość podejmowania umiarkowanego wysiłku fizycznego, średnią liczbę dni przeznaczaną na umiarkowany wysiłek fizyczny, średni czas poświęcany w ciągu dnia na umiarkowany wysiłek fizyczny (w minutach), liczbę dni poświęconych na chodzenie – spacerowanie w ciągu ostatniego tygodnia, średni czas przeznaczony na chodzenie (ile minut dziennie trwa chód, spacerowanie), średni czas spędzony siedząc (w minutach). Wyniki. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników nie stwierdzono różnic istotnych statystycznie. Wnioski. Mentalność Polaków nie zmienia się w zależności od miejsca zamieszkania. Przyzwyczajenia, nawyki, to w jaki sposób spędzamy czas wolny, nie ulega zmianie wraz ze zmianą miejsca pobytu.

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“I am not too old to play” – The Past, Present and Future of 50 and Over Organized Sport Leagues

Nordic Walking as a Form of Recreation

The State of Knowledge of Dietary, Physiological and Pharmacological Supplementation and the Preferential Use of These Substances by Persons Practising Recreational Bodybuilding

Leisure as a Category of Culture, Philosophy and Recreation

Non-formal Education in the Animation of Leisure and Recreation versus the Development of Social Competence

The Influence of modern technologies on the selected determinants of tourism and recreation development

Mental State and Motivation to Physical Exercise in University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland

Validation of the Polish version of the Self-reported Experiences of Activity Settings (SEAS) questionnaire

Aktywność fizyczna Polaków w porównaniu z aktywnością fizyczną Polaków mieszkających w Wielkiej Brytanii