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1
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Sprint performance changes and determinants in Afro-Caribbean adolescents between 13 and 15 years old

100%
Babel Copaver K., Hertogh C., Hue O.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2012
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vol. 34
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issue 1
89-98
EN
Afro-Caribbean sprinters often reach high performance levels at an early age. Adolescence is a time of morphological and physiological changes. This study was designed to analyze the evolution in parameters of short sprint performance during adolescence in Afro-Caribbean boys, especially the stride number/body height ratio (SN/BH), which is at the interface of technical and morphological factors. Seventy-one 13-year-old boys performed vertical jumps and short sprint races. The races were filmed with a view to determine stride variables. Anthropometric parameters were also measured. The same tests were performed two years later. Body height and SN/BH were the main predictors of sprint performance. The delta of performance was principally explained by stride length and stride number. Although deterioration in technical parameters was expected, the parameters related to body size and stride length were the main sprint performance predictors rather than explosive force. These results could be useful in developing tests to detect sprint potential in youth.
2
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The Significance of Environmental Factors for Physical Development of Adolescents

100%
Półtorak W.
Human Movement
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2009
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vol. 10
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issue 1
35-45
EN
Purpose. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of environmental factors on the physical development of girls and boys at puberty. Basic procedure. The sample of adolescents of both sexes was studied using comprehensive measuring data and information from surveys. To examine correlations between quantitative and qualitative data the factor analysis was used (onedimensional test F for every variable). Main findings. The biological indices of social stratification of adolescents under study were the results of medicine ball throw test and maximal anaerobic power (MAP). The MAP was calculated using results of the standing broad jump test. The highest level of physical development was noted among the group of students with the best environmental conditions. The majority of subjects with a high level of physical development came from families with a single child and with monthly net income per person from 301 to 500 PLN and more. Their parents had at least a secondary education and were either white-collar or blue-collar workers. Conclusions. To enhance physical fitness of young people the pre-pubescence period should be used better. During the pubescence period children should have every opportunity to take part in various extra curricular classes during the school year. In addition, appropriate conditions for active leisure pursuits (during summer or winter holidays) should be created for children to develop their physical recreation interests.
3
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The influence of perinatal and current dioxin and PCB exposure on puberty: a review

75%
Leijs M. M., van der Linden L. M., Koppe J. G., de Voogt P., Olie K., van Aalderen W. M. C., ten Tusscher G. W.
Biomonitoring
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2014
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vol. 1
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issue 1
EN
Over the last two decades much has been written about the consequences of perinatal dioxin and PCB exposure in humans. In this paper we strive to elucidate the data on puberty in relation to these endocrine disruptive compounds in human populations. Effects in PCB/dioxin-exposed human populations on puberty are seen, not only in highly exposed cohorts, but also in average populations with background exposures. Study showed effects like increased weight, a delay in pubic hair growth and male genital development in boys, sex-hormone homeostasis, reduced penile length, and delayed age at first ejaculation after PCB exposure. Effects seen after dioxin exposure include retarded initiation and stage of breast development in girls, earlier menarche, disruption of sex hormone homeostasis, reduced testicular volume and reduced penile length in boys. The data published by different studies were inconclusive as a result of different methodological setup as well as because of multiple exposure settings. Populations were exposed to different mixtures of dioxin/PCB congeners or mixtures with other endocrine disrupters, and therefore synergistic and antagonistic effects with PCBs and dioxins are possible. Dioxinlike compounds disturb the hormonal balance mainly through interaction with the Ah receptor, which may influence the synthesis of hormones or their transport proteins. However, we have to keep in mind that hormonal balance during puberty could also be altered by disruption of the thyroid homeostasis. Another important possible mechanism is the induction of epigenetic changes or effects on genetic polymorphism. The fact that exposure to background concentrations of dioxin-like compounds and PCBs also has effects on the reproductive development is disconcerting and warrants further research and long term follow-up studies.
4
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A case of late presentation of precocious puberty due to pituitary astrocytoma

75%
Soheilipour F., Ghalaenovi H., Samedanifard S.-H., Jesmi F.
Aktualności Neurologiczne
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2015
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vol. 15
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issue 2
91-95
EN
The importance of assessing precocious puberty, especially in boys, is not only due to the great complications it has for the affected patients, but also to the fatal underlying diseases. Therefore, children with central precocious puberty should first undergo neuroimaging. In this case study, we present a 9.5-year-old boy who was referred to Rasoul-e-Akram Medical Center with increased intracranial pressure, nausea/vomiting, and severe headache having begun three months earlier. The development of secondary sexual changes had started two years earlier, and had been neglected. His testes, penis, and pubic hair were at the fourth Tanner stage. He had elevated luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormones. Microscopic evaluation confirmed low-grade pilocytic astrocytoma WHO grade 1. Emergency brain surgery was conducted in which the brain was decompressed, and chemotherapy was started postoperatively. Two years after the surgery, he remains under chemotherapy, with obvious sexual maturation and a height of 154 cm. Training families and medical staff efficiently can help prevent the late diagnosis and treatment of precocious puberty and, as a result, help patients in their social life.
PL
Ocena przedwczesnego pokwitania, szczególnie występującego u chłopców, jest niezwykle istotna nie tylko ze względu na poważne powikłania, na które narażony jest pacjent, lecz także z uwagi na chorobę podstawową, która może mieć charakter śmiertelny. Z tego powodu dzieci dotknięte przedwczesnym pokwitaniem typu centralnego powinny w pierwszej kolejności zostać poddane badaniom neuroobrazowym. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiamy przypadek 9,5-letniego chłopca, który został skierowany do Centrum Medycznego Rasoul-e-Akram ze wzmożonym ciśnieniem śródczaszkowym, nudnościami i wymiotami oraz silnymi bólami głowy trwającymi od trzech miesięcy. Rozwój drugorzędowych cech płciowych rozpoczął się u pacjenta 2 lata wcześniej i został zbagatelizowany. Jądra, penis oraz owłosienie łonowe pacjenta znajdowały się w stadium rozwoju odpowiadającym czwartemu stopniowi skali Tannera. Stwierdzono podwyższony poziom LH oraz FSH. Badanie histopatologiczne potwierdziło obecność gwiaździaka włosowatokomórkowego o stopniu złośliwości G1. U pacjenta wykonano operację odbarczającą w trybie pilnym. Po zabiegu wdrożono chemioterapię. Po upływie 2 lat od operacji chłopiec nadal otrzymuje chemioterapię, osiągnął 154 cm wzrostu i przejawia oczywiste cechy dojrzałości płciowej. Prowadzenie właściwej edukacji rodzin oraz personelu medycznego może zapobiec zbyt późnemu rozpoznawaniu i wdrażaniu leczenia przedwczesnego pokwitania, tym samym ułatwiając pacjentom prowadzenie normalnego życia, dostosowanego do ich wieku i potrzeb społecznych.
5
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Prevalence of body shape concerns and associated factors among brazilian early adolescents

75%
Martins C. R., Carraça E., Teixeira P. J., Silva A. M., Petroski E. L. P.
Human Movement
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2014
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vol. 15
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issue 1
12-20
EN
Purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of body shape concerns and associated factors among Brazilian early adolescents. Methods. This was a school-based cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted with 526 girls between 11 and 14 years enrolled in thirteen public schools in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The Body Shape Questionnaire and Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) was administered. Sociodemographic variables (age group, household head education, and socioeconomic status), sexual maturation (pubic hair growth, breast development, and menarche) and percentage of body fat (%BF) were collected. Analyses were conducted using Poisson regression and a confidence level of 95%. Results. The prevalence of body shape concerns was 24.1% (95% confidence interval - CI: 17.5-30.7). Adolescent girls aged 13-14 years (prevalence ratio - PR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03-1.11; p = 0.02), with very high (PR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.21-1.90; p = 0.004) and high %BF (PR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.18-1.32; p = 0.004), and those girls showing risk behaviors for anorexia and bulimia (PR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.19-1.59; p = 0.01) were more concerned with their body image. Conclusions. The prevalence of body shape concerns among Brazilian girls was considerable and was associated with age, %BF, and risk behaviors for anorexia and bulimia. This study highlights the importance of screening for body image concerns in schools, preventing the adoption of unhealthy body weight ideals, and the development of excessive body shape concerns in this population.
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