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Psychological rehabilitation of combatants in Ukraine from 2014 to 2021: statistics and current status

100%

Tkalych M., Snyadanko I., Shapovalova T., Falova O., Sokolova I.

vol. 21(4)

441-455

Military action in eastern Ukraine [Anti-terrorist Operation (ATO)] has a significant impact on the psyche of combat participants and causes changes in the life activities and behaviour of the individuals concerned. The traumatic experience gained during hostilities has a negative impact on the health of military personnel. According to psychiatrists’ forecasts, in the best-case scenario, 20% of combatants in Ukraine will be diagnosed with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder, which has already been given the name “ATO syndrome”. Given this, there is now an urgent need for rehabilitation activities, and the new conditions of hybrid warfare require social service professionals to respond quickly to combatants’ requests to organise and deliver comprehensive rehabilitation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyse the provision and conduct of psychological rehabilitation of combatants in Ukraine from 2014 to 2021. Philosophical and general scientific methods were employed to achieve the aim. Among the general scientific methods, the theoretical (analysis, generalisation, classification, and synthesis) and empirical (description and comparison) levels should be highlighted. Also, a bibliosemantic method was used to summarise the analysis of the subject literature and our own experimental data. In addition, various programs were employed to rehabilitate the military. For example, the “Cyber Defenders” project, which was launched in 2021. This involved 30 veterans who will receive a certificate in cybersecurity upon graduation. The E-Veteran system, which allows veterans to seek psychological support, was also analyzed. As the main results, it is worth mentioning that psychological rehabilitation is a pool of psychophysiological, psychotherapeutic, organisational, and medical measures aimed at the resumption of lost mental functions and psychocorrection of the social status of military personnel who have suffered mental combat trauma. The study analysed the mental state and profile of servicemen and servicewomen, the psychological and psychiatric problems that affected them, and government programmes and projects to support and assist ATO/JFO(Joint Forces Operation) veterans. Regarding the process of psychological rehabilitation for military personnel in Ukraine itself, positive trends can be observed since 2014, such as the opening of the Ministry of Veterans’ Affairs, but in the light of current threats and challenges, these undertakings are still insufficient. The system of psychological assistance and rehabilitation of ATO participants should be considered a component of the national security of the state. The article is of practical value in a range of areas, including in political, social work, pedagogical, and educational fields, as well as having application in criminal justice and the law.

Model współpracy lekarza rodzinnego, psychologa klinicznego i psychiatry

84%

Tsirigotis K., Gruszczyński W.

issue 1

33-38

Somatic disease makes the situation emotionally difficult for the patient and his near persons and this is why psychological help, except the family doctor’s help, is more than once necessary. This issue is of great importance for the ill child or for the healthy one at the doctor’s. Many patients go to the doctor with problems of a psychological nature, regardless of the somatic symptomatology and whether the patient is aware of this or not; because of that, the family doctor in his practice, meeting with people suffering from somatic disorders, also meet with various manifestations of mental or psychological state of the patient. The family doctor in his practice often meets symptoms of e.g. psychosomatic or somatoform disorders. In the aetiopathogenesis and the course of psychosomatic disorders important is the role of psychological factors; by “psychological factors” one understands mainly emotional factors (e.g. emotional hypoglycaemia). Psychological help includes such actions as psychological prevention, psychological therapy, psychotherapy, psychoeducation, psychological counselling, systemic-organisational interventions, mediation, re-education, and rehabilitation. The cooperation between family doctor, clinical psychologist and psychiatrist may proceed as follows: differential diagnosis: prodromal asthenia – psychosomatic/somatoform disorders – neurotic disorders – psychotic disorders; psychological help for the patient and his family, psychological therapy and psychotherapy in the case of psychosomatic/somatoform disorders and pharmacotherapy in the case of depressive and psychotic disorders; avoiding the iatrogenic faults; rehabilitation, socialisation and professional activation of patients, especially the psychotic ones.

Choroba somatyczna to dla pacjenta i jego bliskich sytuacja emocjonalnie trudna i dlatego oprócz pomocy lekarza rodzinnego często konieczna jest również pomoc psychologiczna. Nabiera to szczególnego znaczenia w przypadku „małego pacjenta”, tj. chorującego dziecka, lub dziecka zdrowego, korzystającego z usług lekarza POZ. Znaczna część pacjentów zgłasza się do lekarza z problemami natury psychologicznej, niezależnie od somatycznej symptomatologii oraz od tego, czy pacjent jest tego świadomy. W związku z czym lekarz rodzinny, spotykając się z ludźmi cierpiącymi na schorzenia somatyczne, ma do czynienia również z różnymi przejawami stanu psychicznego pacjenta. W swojej praktyce lekarz rodzinny często spotyka się z objawami zaburzeń psychosomatycznych lub somatomorficznych. Zaburzenia psychosomatyczne to choroby, w których etiopatogenezie i przebiegu istotna rola przypada czynnikom psychicznym. Przez „czynniki psychiczne” rozumie się tu przede wszystkim czynniki emocjonalne (np. hipoglikemia emocjonalna, tj. niedocukrzenie krwi pochodzenia emocjonalnego). Pomoc psychologiczna obejmuje takie działania, jak profilaktyka psychologiczna, terapia psychologiczna, psychoterapia, edukacja psychologiczna, doradztwo, poradnictwo psychologiczne, interwencje systemowo-organizacyjne, mediacje, rehabilitacja, reedukacja, resocjalizacja. Współpraca między lekarzem rodzinnym, psychologiem klinicznym a psychiatrą może przebiegać w następującym zakresie: diagnoza różnicowa: astenia prodromalna – zaburzenia psychosomatyczne/ somatomorficzne – zaburzenia nerwicowe – zaburzenia psychotyczne; pomoc psychologiczna dla pacjenta i jego rodziny; terapia psychologiczna i psychoterapia w przypadkach zaburzeń psychosomatycznych/ somatomorficznych i nerwicowych oraz farmakoterapia w przypadku zaburzeń depresyjnych i psychotycznych; unikanie błędów jatrogennych; rehabilitacja, uspołecznienie i uzawodowienie pacjentów, zwłaszcza psychotycznych.

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1 Acta Neuropsychologica

1 Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna

1 2023

1 2010

1 Falova O.

1 Gruszczyński W.

1 Shapovalova T.

1 Snyadanko I.

1 Sokolova I.

1 Tkalych M.

1 Tsirigotis K.

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Psychological rehabilitation of combatants in Ukraine from 2014 to 2021: statistics and current status

Model współpracy lekarza rodzinnego, psychologa klinicznego i psychiatry