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Psychological rehabilitation of combatants in Ukraine from 2014 to 2021: statistics and current status

100%

Tkalych M., Snyadanko I., Shapovalova T., Falova O., Sokolova I.

vol. 21(4)

441-455

Military action in eastern Ukraine [Anti-terrorist Operation (ATO)] has a significant impact on the psyche of combat participants and causes changes in the life activities and behaviour of the individuals concerned. The traumatic experience gained during hostilities has a negative impact on the health of military personnel. According to psychiatrists’ forecasts, in the best-case scenario, 20% of combatants in Ukraine will be diagnosed with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder, which has already been given the name “ATO syndrome”. Given this, there is now an urgent need for rehabilitation activities, and the new conditions of hybrid warfare require social service professionals to respond quickly to combatants’ requests to organise and deliver comprehensive rehabilitation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyse the provision and conduct of psychological rehabilitation of combatants in Ukraine from 2014 to 2021. Philosophical and general scientific methods were employed to achieve the aim. Among the general scientific methods, the theoretical (analysis, generalisation, classification, and synthesis) and empirical (description and comparison) levels should be highlighted. Also, a bibliosemantic method was used to summarise the analysis of the subject literature and our own experimental data. In addition, various programs were employed to rehabilitate the military. For example, the “Cyber Defenders” project, which was launched in 2021. This involved 30 veterans who will receive a certificate in cybersecurity upon graduation. The E-Veteran system, which allows veterans to seek psychological support, was also analyzed. As the main results, it is worth mentioning that psychological rehabilitation is a pool of psychophysiological, psychotherapeutic, organisational, and medical measures aimed at the resumption of lost mental functions and psychocorrection of the social status of military personnel who have suffered mental combat trauma. The study analysed the mental state and profile of servicemen and servicewomen, the psychological and psychiatric problems that affected them, and government programmes and projects to support and assist ATO/JFO(Joint Forces Operation) veterans. Regarding the process of psychological rehabilitation for military personnel in Ukraine itself, positive trends can be observed since 2014, such as the opening of the Ministry of Veterans’ Affairs, but in the light of current threats and challenges, these undertakings are still insufficient. The system of psychological assistance and rehabilitation of ATO participants should be considered a component of the national security of the state. The article is of practical value in a range of areas, including in political, social work, pedagogical, and educational fields, as well as having application in criminal justice and the law.

Włosy babci – trauma transgeneracyjna

84%

Łucka I., Nowak P.

Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna

2014

vol. 14

issue 2

89-94

Traumatic experiences of the World War II continuously affect interpersonal relations in Polish families as well as individual functioning of members of trauma – afflicted family. For persons displaced from former “Kresy” (“eastern borderlands”), also for native inhabitants of Pomerania, additional difficulty to cope with painful memories was obligation to keep silence. The reason was a great fear of persecutions of Stalinism era. Poland remained under Soviet influence for years. Grief over loss of closest relatives, harm related to forced displacement, loss of properties that belonged to previous generations, persecutions by Soviet soldiers and authorities were injuries that must had been kept secret even among closest family. Deeply hidden traumatic experiences of the grandparents, stigmatized parents, and still impress a stamp on the grandchildren. In this article authors report a case of a patient who presented various psychopathological symptoms, which – as primary expected – developed due to a sexual trauma. Long-term psychotherapeutic work, enriched by genogram interpretation, enabled discovery of transgenerational transmission that conditioned patient functioning, especially in relationships. Revelation of kept in secret family stories let the patient to initiate recovery. Patient identified with her role of granddaughter, daughter and woman. She found her place in the family tree. Before that she felt “rootless”, alien, separate from the family system.

Traumatyczne doświadczenia polskich rodzin z okresu II wojny światowej do dnia dzisiejszego rzutują na relacje i funkcjonowanie poszczególnych członków danego systemu. Dla osób wysiedlonych z Kresów Wschodnich, podobnie jak m.in. dla rdzennych mieszkańców Pomorza, dodatkowym utrudnieniem w radzeniu sobie z bolesnymi doświadczeniami była do niedawna konieczność zachowania milczenia, spowodowana początkowo strachem przed prześladowaniami w okresie stalinowskim, a następnie pozostawaniem Polski w strefie wpływów radzieckich. Żałoba po utracie bliskich, krzywda związana z przymusowymi wysiedleniami, utrata dorobku poprzednich pokoleń, a także prześladowania ze strony żołnierzy oraz władz radzieckich to krzywdy, o których nie można było rozmawiać nawet w gronie najbliższych. Głęboko skrywane, traumatyczne przeżycia dziadków ukształtowały rodziców i trwają nadal, odciskając swoje piętno na wnukach. W pracy została przedstawiona historia pacjentki prezentującej różnorodne objawy psychopatologiczne, które – jak się pierwotnie wydawało – rozwinęły się na skutek doświadczonej traumy seksualnej. Dopiero długotrwała praca psychoterapeutyczna, wzbogacona techniką genogramową, umożliwiła odkrycie przekazów transgeneracyjnych warunkujących określone funkcjonowanie pacjentki oraz budowanie przez nią specyficznych relacji międzyludzkich. Odnalezienie okrytych dotąd milczeniem historii rodzinnych pozwoliło pacjentce zapoczątkować proces prawdziwego zdrowienia. Umożliwiło jej nie tylko pracę nad osobistymi, traumatycznymi doświadczeniami, ale także odnalezienie się w roli wnuczki, córki, kobiety. Ponadto pozwoliło odnaleźć pacjentce swoje miejsce w drzewie genealogicznym – dotychczas czuła się osobą „bez korzeni”, jakby obcą, niepasującą i nieprzynależącą do systemu rodzinnego.

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1 Acta Neuropsychologica

1 Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna

1 2023

1 2014

1 Falova O.

1 Nowak P.

1 Shapovalova T.

1 Snyadanko I.

1 Sokolova I.

1 Tkalych M.

1 Łucka I.

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Psychological rehabilitation of combatants in Ukraine from 2014 to 2021: statistics and current status

Włosy babci – trauma transgeneracyjna