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1
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The application of lignin as renewable raw material in chemical industry

100%
Goliszek M., Podkościelna B.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio AA – Chemia
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2018
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vol. 73
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issue 1
EN
The overutilization of fossil fuels will inevitably cause the global environmental problems and dwindling of available resources. For that reason, identifying renewable sustainable alternatives has attracted an increasing attention. Lignocellulosic biomass has been considered to be one of the most logical feedstock to replace traditional fossil resources as one of the most accessible renewable forms of carbon. One of the primary components of lignocellulosic biomass, next to hemicellulose and cellulose is lignin. It is a by-product in paper and pulp industry. Lignin is mainly used as fuel directly, without further utilization which is suggested to be a waste of natural resources. With this purpose, the valorization of lignin into value-added products needs particular attention of researchers. This review article focuses on chosen possible applications of lignin in chemical industry.
2
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BIOMATERIALS BASED ON CHITOSAN AND ITS DERIVATIVES TO PREVENT ADHESION FORMATION

100%
Konovalova M., Tsaregorodtseva D., Svirshchevskaya E.
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
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2021
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vol. 26
11-22
EN
An increase in the number and volume of surgical interventions leads to an increase in the frequency of postoperative adhesions. The development of the adhesion process in the abdominal cavity causes pain, a decrease in the quality of life of patients, a violation of the reproductive function of women as well as acute adhesion intestinal obstruction. Recently, polymer biomaterials, including those based on chitosan, have been widely used for the prevention of adhesions. Due to their biocompatibility and biodegradation ability, they do not require repeated operations to extract the material. It is believed that these materials act as barriers, physically separating the damaged surfaces. The molecular mechanism of their action is still poorly understood. In this review, the main mechanisms of adhesion formation, as well as ways to prevent them with the help of materials based on chitosan and its derivatives, are discussed
3
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Preparation of sorbents from selected polymers

100%
Ciesińska W., Makomaski G., Zieliński J., Brzozowska T.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2011
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vol. 13
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issue 1
51-54
EN
In this work, the results of studies on the preparation of sorbents from selected polymers were presented. The polymers were carbonized and subsequently physically activated by steam or carbon dioxide, or alternatively, chemically activated with potassium hydroxide. For the obtained materials, a specific area was evaluated by means of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and benzene adsorption, iodine number was also determined. The obtained results indicated a possibility to procure hydrophobic sorbents of microporous structure. Sorbents having the best properties, i.e. the specific area of above 2000 m2/g were produced from poly(ethylene terephthalate) and phenol-formaldehyde resin.
4
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Cytotoxicity of thermo-responsive polymeric nanoparticles based on N-isopropylacrylamide for potential application as a bioscaffold

86%
Deptuła T., Warowicka A., Woźniak A., Grzeszkowiak M., Jarzębski M., Bednarowicz M., Patkowski A., Słomski R.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
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2015
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vol. 62
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issue 2
311-316
EN
Polymeric nanoparticles based on poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (pNiPAM NPs) and their bio-medical applications have been widely investigated in recent years. These tunable nanoparticles are considered to be great candidates for drug delivery systems, biosensors and bioanalytical devices. Thus, the biocompatibility and toxicity of these nanoparticles is clearly a crucial issue. In this work, the cytotoxicity of thermo-responsive pNiPAM nanoparticles was studied, followed by a detailed analysis of the NPs morphology in growing cell cultures and their 3D structure. Cytotoxic examination was conducted for two cell cultures - HeLa (cervical cancer cell line) and HeK293 (human embryonic kidney cell line), employing MTT (3-4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and viability tests. We used Cryo-SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and fluorescence microscopy (IN Cell Analyzer) in order to investigate the morphological structure of the polymer network. We show that pNiPAM nanoparticles do not exhibit any cytotoxicity effects on the investigated cell lines. Additionally, we report that the pNiPAM nanoparticle based scaffold promotes cell growth.
5
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Polycrystalline CdTe solar cells on elastic substrates

86%
Sibińksi M., Lisik Z.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences
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2007
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vol. 55
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issue 3
6
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Seismic strengthening of nonductile bridge piers using low-cost glass fiber polymers

72%
Rodsin K., Hussain Q., Joyklad P., Nawaz A., Fazliani H., Rodsin K., Hussain Q., Joyklad P., Nawaz A., Fazliani H.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences
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2020
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issue 6
7
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The influence of process parameters on combustion of plastic waste in the fluidized bed reactor

72%
Jankowski D., Żukowski W.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2013
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vol. 15
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issue 4
75-79
EN
The paper presents the results of a research on the effects of process parameters on the combustion of waste plastics. The experiments were carried out in a laboratory fluidized bed reactor. The temperature and the conditions of the process were changed during the experiments. The plastics were combusted continuously (autothermally), periodically with extra fuel (co-firing) and alone in a hot fluidized bed. During the combustion process of materials containing nitrogen (PA, ABS), while the bed temperature decrease, changes of emissions of nitrogen oxides, in particular an increase in the concentration of N2O, up to 250 ppm at ~730°C, were observed. During ABS combustion, emission of HCN was registered, at a maximum of 400 ppm. The presence of the supporting fuel (LPG) resulted in the stabilization and acceleration of the plastic samples degradation process. The rate of thermal decomposition of waste materials depended on its elemental composition and also the physicochemical properties.
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