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The influence of process parameters on combustion of plastic waste in the fluidized bed reactor

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Jankowski D., Żukowski W.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
|
2013
|
vol. 15
|
issue 4
75-79
EN
The paper presents the results of a research on the effects of process parameters on the combustion of waste plastics. The experiments were carried out in a laboratory fluidized bed reactor. The temperature and the conditions of the process were changed during the experiments. The plastics were combusted continuously (autothermally), periodically with extra fuel (co-firing) and alone in a hot fluidized bed. During the combustion process of materials containing nitrogen (PA, ABS), while the bed temperature decrease, changes of emissions of nitrogen oxides, in particular an increase in the concentration of N2O, up to 250 ppm at ~730°C, were observed. During ABS combustion, emission of HCN was registered, at a maximum of 400 ppm. The presence of the supporting fuel (LPG) resulted in the stabilization and acceleration of the plastic samples degradation process. The rate of thermal decomposition of waste materials depended on its elemental composition and also the physicochemical properties.
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Polihydroksyalkanolany - obiecujące polimery biodegradowalne

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Mizielińska M., Łopusiewicz Ł., Soból M.
Kosmos
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2018
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vol. 67
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issue 2
299-306
PL
W pracy omówiono polihydroksyalkanolany, biopolimery o ogromnym potencjale. Scharakteryzowano ich właściwości i zastosowanie, zwracając uwagę na takie ich zalety jak biozgodność (brak toksyczności w stosunku do organizmu), podatność na biodegradację, czy właściwości termoplastyczne, zbliżone do tworzyw sztucznych. Niestety, pomimo wielu zalet, PHA nie są powszechnie wykorzystywane, głównie ze względu na wysoki koszt ich wytwarzania i oczyszczania. Dlatego w celu obniżenia kosztów podejmuje się działania w kierunku zastąpienia podczas hodowli drobnoustrojów źródła węgla tanimi materiałami odpadowymi. Kolejnym sposobem zmniejszenia kosztów produkcji PHA jest wykorzystanie modyfikowanych genetycznie mikroorganizmów. Alternatywą może być także poszukiwanie nowych metod wyodrębniania biopolimeru z komórek. Dobrym pomysłem może być także łączenie chemicznych i mechanicznych metod oczyszczania PHA. PHA bardzo często wykorzystywane są w medycynie, zastępując tworzywa sztuczne, gdzie istotne są właściwości materiałów oraz ich podatność na biodegradację. Niestety, ze względu na cenę, do wytwarzania polimerowych przedmiotów użytku codziennego, polimery syntetyczne wykorzystywane są częściej.
EN
This paper discusses properties of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), biopolymers with a huge potential for practical applications. PHA have a number of advantages such as biocompatibility (no toxicity for organism), biodegradability and thermoplastic properties similar to those of synthetic plastics. Unfortunately, despite these advantages PHA are not widely used owing to the high costs of their preparation and purification. Therefore, in order to reduce these costs efforts are being undertaken to replace traditional carbon sources for cultivation of microorganisms by cheaper waste materials. Another way to reduce the cost of PHA production is the use of genetically modified microorganisms. An alternative approach may be also a search for new methods for extraction of these biopolymer from the cells including combination of chemical and mechanical methods of purification. PHA are very often used in medicine, because of their properties and biodegradability. In this area they substitute plastics. Unfortunately, costs of production from PHA polymeric objects for everyday use are still too high, so synthetic polymers remain predominantly in use.
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