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The effect of the components of the PdCl2/Fe/I2/Py catalytic system on nitrobenzene carbonylation to ethyl N-phenylcarbamate

100%
Skupińska J., Karpińska M., Ołówek M., Kasprzycka-Guttman T.
Open Chemistry
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2005
|
vol. 3
|
issue 1
28-39
EN
The PdCl2/Fe/I2/Py catalytic system (Py-pyridine), reported to be highly active in the reaction of nitrobenzene carbonylation to ethyl phenylcarbamate was studied. The present paper describes the role of catalyst components and its effect on the activity and selectivity of the catalyst. The increase in the amount of PdCl2 in the system while retaining a constant level of the other catalyst components, results in the increase of both carbamate and aniline yields. The increase in the amount of iron while retaining the other components constant, initially causes an increase in the carbamate yield; however, at Fe: Pd ratios higher than 36, the carbamate yield remains constant. The change in the amount of iron has no effect on the amount of aniline formed in the system. An increase in the amount of iodine in the system while retaining the other components constant, results in a decrease in carbamate yield and a considerable increase in the aniline yield of the reaction products.
2
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Catalysts for the utilization of methane from the coal mine ventilation air

88%
Stasińska B., Machocki A.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2007
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vol. 9
|
issue 3
29-32
EN
The paper indicates coal mines as the source of permanent emission of low-concentrated gases, which have increased the greenhouse effect. This paper proposes the catalytic oxidation of methane as the solution to the problem of methane utilization when its concentration in the air is insufficient for flame combustion. The studies which have been conducted for many years enabled finding the active oxide and metallic catalytic systems for the reaction of methane oxidation. For the utilization of gases with low-concentrated methane, using the low-temperature catalysts, especially palladium catalysts, seems to be economically well-justified. Depending on technological solutions it can be considered as the method for methane utilization or as an environmentally friendly way for the generation of electric and thermal energy.
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