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Changes in Respiratory Parameters and Fin-Swimming Performance Following a 16-Week Training Period with Intermittent Breath Holding

100%

Stavrou V., Toubekis A. G., Karetsi E.

Journal of Human Kinetics

2015

vol. 49

issue 1

89-98

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of training with intermittent breath holding (IBH) on respiratory parameters, arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and performance. Twenty-eight fin-swimming athletes were randomly divided into two groups and followed the same training for 16 weeks. About 40% of the distance of each session was performed with self-selected breathing frequency (SBF group) or IBH (IBH group). Performance time of 50 and 400 m at maximum intensity was recorded and forced expired volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and SpO2 were measured before and after the 50 m test at baseline and post-training. Posttraining, the respiratory parameters were increased in the IBH but remained unchanged in the SBF group (FEV1: 17 ±15% vs. -1 ±11%; FVC: 22 ±13% vs. 1 ±10%; PEF: 9 ±14% vs. -4 ±15%; p<0.05). Pre compared to post-training SpO2 was unchanged at baseline and decreased post-training following the 50 m test in both groups (p<0.05). The reduction was higher in the IBH compared to the SBF group (p<0.05). Performance in the 50 and 400 m tests improved in both groups, however, the improvement was greater in the IBH compared to the SBF group in both 50 and 400 m tests (p<0.05). The use of IBH is likely to enhance the load on the respiratory muscles, thus, contributing to improvement of the respiratory parameters. Decreased SpO2 after IBH is likely due to adaptation to hypoventilation. IBH favours performance improvement at 50 and 400 m fin-swimming.

Surgical Mask Use in Physical Ecercise in Young Healthy Subjects Sume Trial

75%

Mendonça Café H., Leitão M., Freitas A., Marreiros A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

2021

vol. 35

issue 3

117-125

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of surgical masks has become the new normal. The use of these devices in exercise and medical situations has been advocated with the purpose of reducing contagions, but some concerns exist regarding its impact of physical fitness and safety of use. If the use of mask while exercising can cause decreased functional capacity or dangerous hypoxemia is still something we know little of. Therefore, we performed maximal treadmill stress tests in 12 healthy young subjects, with and without surgical mask use, and measured exercise capacity, oxygen saturation (rest, peak exercise and post-exercise) and electrocardiographic changes on a standard treadmill test. Exercise capacity and oxygen saturation levels decreased in peak exercise vs rest in a statistically significant manner when mask was used. ECG changes, although not significant, were present in 3 subjects when mask was used and disappeared when the test was made unmasked. We concluded that masked exercise has the potential to cause decreased exercise load and oxygen saturation and potentially cause diagnostic errors in medical exams.

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1 Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

1 Journal of Human Kinetics

1 2021

1 2015

1 Freitas A.

1 Karetsi E.

1 Leitão M.

1 Marreiros A.

1 Mendonça Café H.

1 Stavrou V.

1 Toubekis A. G.

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Changes in Respiratory Parameters and Fin-Swimming Performance Following a 16-Week Training Period with Intermittent Breath Holding

Surgical Mask Use in Physical Ecercise in Young Healthy Subjects Sume Trial