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EN
The Oncology Section of the Polish Society of Otorhinolaryngologists of Head and Neck Surgeons is one of the oldest sections of the PSOHNS. It was established by a resolution of the General Meeting of the PSOHNS in Poznań on September 22, 1980 upon request of prof. Stanisław Iwankiewicz, who became its Chairman. On December 12, 1981, the 1st Conference of the Section was held in Wrocław. The overarching theme of the conference was laryngeal cancer. During its 40 years of existence, the Oncology Section organized 3 conferences and 17 symposia, bringing pride to the entire Society, and promoted the latest scientific trends in the approach to head and neck cancer. With the development of basic sciences, genetic and molecular tests as well as new diagnostic and therapeutic methods, the topics of meetings gradually expanded to include new sections and issues in ENT oncology.
EN
COVID-19 manifests itself in a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms, both in terms of their variety and severity. It can be asymptomatic or abortive, mild, moderate, severe and lightning, as septic with multiple organ failure and shock Typical leading symptoms of COVID-19 are: high fever poorly responding to drugs, severe loss of strength, chest pain, dyspnoea, pain headaches, bone and joint pain and muscle pain, until the onset of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, many publications mention among the possible symptoms also others, not related to the involvement of the lower respiratory tract. These are gastrointestinal disorders, damage to the central and peripheral nervous system, catarrh of the upper respiratory tract and dysfunctions of the sensory organs. The aim of this literature review was to determine the frequency of various head and neck dysfunctions that are part of COVID-19. Symptoms of conjunctivitis, nasal mucosa, pharynx and larynx are reported by about of patients, but they do not always occur at the same time, as in infections caused, for example, by rhinoviruses. Anosmi / hyposmia or ageusia / hypogeusia occur with a similar frequency. Symptoms of damage to the equilibrium system, such as dizziness, are reported by approx. 1/3, vertigo and hearing loss approx. 5-6%, tinnitus approx. 10% of patients. Reports of coexistence with COVID-19 of peripheral paresis of the facial nerve are so far relatively few and often included in the neurological disorders, the frequency of which is also about 1/3 of COVID-19 cases. Importantly, both catarrhal symptoms and the others listed here may precede, co-occur or follow the appearance of the leading symptoms of COVID-19. They can also be the only symptoms of this disease. This should prompt otorhinolaryngologists to be particularly vigilant in this regard
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The first woman with a doctor's degree to practice in Poland was Anna Tomaszewicz-Dobrska (1854-1918). In Polish literature it is difficult to establish which of the women was the first to deal with diseases in the field of otorhinolaryngology. Pioneers in the specialty of otorhinolaryngology could be women who graduated from medical studies and completed "specialization" in clinics outside Poland or in Krakow, where the first department was established in Poland, and women were the first to have the opportunity to study medicine. In Poland, in 1925, out of 738 female doctors, only 4 of them dealt with diseases in the area of the head and neck, in 1938 21 women out of 2018 female doctors, and in 2020 out of 90,435 women, 1991 out of 3,378 doctors practicing the otorhinolaryngology. In Poland, Aleksandra Salomea Mitrinowicz-Modrzejewska was probably the first female otorhinolaryngologist who obtained her habilitation in 1947 and riched the title of associate professor in 1954. Until now, it has been established that only 28 women in Poland associated with otorhinolaryngology who have obtained the full profesor title.
EN
Many eminent surgeons provided excellent foundations for the establishment and development of otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery. One of them was professor Władysław Dobrzaniecki. Of the 66 items written by W. Dobrzaniecki, 26 works concerned issues related to the head and neck. These works show that the main topic was plastic surgery, both aesthetic and reconstructive after extensive oncological operations. The scientific and professional career of such a talented surgeon was suddenly interrupted. At the age of 44, he was murdered by the Nazis, in Lviv on July 4, 1941, along with other professors. Professor Władysław Dobrzaniecki was one of many surgeons who made a significant contribution to the development of otorhinolaryngology, in particular plastic surgery in the area of the head and neck region. He is regarded as the precursor of plastic surgery in the inter-war period [1]. At the age of 44, he was murdered along with other professors by the Germans with active (and hard to dispute) participation of Ukrainian nationalists in Lviv on July 4, 1941 [2]. We will try to introduce the figure of this distinguished scholar to a wider community of otorhinolaryngologists, present his scientific achievements in the field of otorhinolaryngology. Władysław Dobrzaniecki was born on September 24, 1897 in Zielinka near Borszczów in the territory of present-day Ukraine [3–5]. A former resident of Zielinka recollects the village at that time as follows [6]: „Zielinka was not a large village, but it had over 100 house addresses. The residents gave names to the different parts of the village: near windmill, near chapel, earthworks. Peasant homesteads were concentrated along small, narrow paths; located on the right side of the Niczława river, in the northern part, they progressed, through a small wooden bridge, in the direction of the village Piłatkowce… The best-known Pole of the inter-war period born in my home village Zielinka was professor of surgery at the John Casimir University in Lviv, physician Władysław Dobrzaniecki”. He studied medicine at the University of Lviv, where he received the title of doctoris medicinae universae. After Poland’s rebirth in 1918, its borders came under threat from the east; among defenders of Lviv were pupils and students called „Orlęta Lwowskie” (Lviv Eaglets). At the age of 21, W. Dobrzaniecki was actively engaged in defending Lviv as it was besieged by Ukrainian army [7]. A lot of valuable information about the scientific and professional life of Władysław Dobrzaniecki and his work at the Department of Surgery can be learnt from memories of Professor Stanisław Laskownicki in his book „Szpada, bagnet, lancet” [8]. Already as a student, W. Dobrzaniecki’s interests were focused on surgery. As a fourth-year student, first as a voluntary and then as a junior assistant in 1923, he started work at the Department of Surgery under Professor Hilary Schramm, who created a unique atmosphere at the department, encouraging co-workers to pursue scientific development, go abroad, publish research and deliver papers at conventions (Fig. 1.). It is important to stress that back then the whole scientific and surgical development depended on and concentrated around the person of the head – in most cases, the only professor of surgery at a given department. He determined the character and direction of the research, set priorities and decided on almost everything that concerned the department and its staff. He was virtually an oracle – his authority and power was inconceivable from today’s perspective [9]. Initially, Dobrzaniecki was acquiring his surgical skills as a voluntary at the Department under doctor Jerzy Mostowy, who later in life worked in Brzeżany and Tarnopol [4, 5]. Shortly after receiving his diploma, at the 21st Convention of Polish Surgeons in Lviv in July 1924 Władysław Dobrzaniecki presented his probably first study „O sympaticektomji okołonaczyniowej na podstawie materiału Kliniki Chirurgicznej Lwowskiej” [On perivascular sympathicectomy based on the material of the Department of Surgery in Lviv] [10]. This shows the level of trust placed in the young adept of the surgical art by the Head of the Department. Employed full-time at the Department, he honed his surgical skills under and with the support of Stanisław Laskownicki, who later became Professor and Head of the University and Hospital Department of Urology In Krakow [3, 8]. null null During his assistantship Władysław Dobrzaniecki visited numerous Departments in Europe: England, Austria, France, Germany and Switzerland. He presented his observations and reflections from those trips in a lengthy account in Polska Gazeta Lekarska (Polish Medical Gazette) [11]. His good knowledge of foreign languages allowed him to easily establish numerous social and scientific connections, draw on the knowledge and experience of his peers from abroad. In 1931, on the return from France, he defended his postdoctoral thesis (praca habilitacyjna) titled „Obecny stan chirurgii układu współczulnego” [Present state of surgery of the sympathetic nervous system] at the John Casimir University in Lviv with Professor H. Schramm as his supervisor. The postdoctoral thesis was written in Strasbourg under Professor Rene Leriche. It was published in Polski Przegląd Chirurgiczny (Polish Surgical Review) as work created at the above-mentioned facility in France [13]. After Professor H. Schramm retired in 1932, Professor Tadeusz Ostrowski became the Head of the Department (Fig. 2.). W. Dobrzaniecki worked under Professor T. Ostrowski until 1936 when he took on an independent position of the Head of the Department of Paediatric Surgery at the Saint Zofia Children Hospital in Lviv. In 1938, he was appointed titular professor of surgery [3]. In the same year, he became the Head of the Department of Surgery of the National Public Hospital. At the Faculty of Medicine, W. Dobrzaniecki taught classes in general surgery, transplantation, practical classes in application of fixing dressings, a course in operations using corpses, and from the 1935/1936 academic year – also classes in paediatric surgery [14–18]. Dobrzaniecki’s lectures were very popular, as he was a naturally gifted speaker. His lectures and scientific papers were stylistically immaculate and delivered with great eloquence and perfect diction [8]. Following the invasion of Poland by Germany, many doctors heroically fulfilled their professional and patriotic duty. It was especially surgeons who made their mark, having their hands full with so many injured. In that difficult time, Władysław Dobrzaniecki provided assistance to civilians and Polish soldiers with great dedication. Based on memories of Professor Andrzej Gruca, Tomasz Cieszyński accounts that W. Dobrzaniecki worked at that time at the Sixth District Hospital of Social Security at 31 Kurkowa Street, which was renamed Military Hospital No 604 following reports about the German aggression, and at the Military District Hospital at 26 Łyczakowska Street. According to other sources, his activity in that period was mainly concentrated in the Public Hospital [19]. It is possible that such an eminent surgeon was summoned and provided assistance to victims of the aggression in all of the three facilities. On September 17, 1939, violating the binding Polish-Soviet non- -aggression pact, Red Army invaded the territory of the Republic of Poland, thereby implementing the arrangements contained in the secret protocol of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, and entered Lviv on September 22, 1941. During the first Soviet occupation, from September 22, 1939 to June 27, 1941, all Polish institutions were dissolved. At the beginning of October, the John Casimir University reopened and was renamed Ivan Franko University to comply with formal Ukrainisation. The Faculty of Theology was dissolved, and the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Pharmacy were administratively separated from the other units to form the State Medical Institute. As part of the Faculty of Medicine, the Department of Hospital Surgery was established based on the Public Hospital, and Professor Władysław Dobrzaniecki was appointed the Head. [20]. Practically all lectures in medicine, in theoretical divisions and departments held by Polish professors were delivered in the Polish language. Only Marxism and Leninism were taught in the Ukrainian language by doctor Zaszkilniak, who was brought from Kiev [21]. Following the Soviet occupation that lasted around a year and 9 months, on the night from June 30 to July 1, 1941, three days after the flight of the soviet army, Germans entered Lviv. On July 2, Germans arrested Professor Kazimierz Bartel at the Lviv Polytechnic. During the night from the 3rd to 4th July, the SS and Gestapo formations arrested a group of 22 professors (the 23rd person arrested was Professor Franciszek Groer, paediatrician, who was released after interrogation and so managed to survive) of the John Casimir University, the Lviv Polytechnic and the Academy of Veterinary Sciences in Lviv, some of them along with their wives and sons and other relatives; they were executed at the break of day on July 4 in the Wólka Hills. Among them there were 12 professors of the Faculty of Medicine. These were: Antoni Cieszyński (stomatologist), Władysław Dobrzaniecki (surgeon), Jan Grek (general practitioner) along with his wife, Jerzy Grzędzielski (ophthalmologist), Henryk Hilarowicz (surgeon), Stanisław Mączewski (gynaecologist), Witold Nowicki (anatomicopathologist) along with his son, Tadeusz Ostrowski (surgeon) along with his wife, Stanisław Progulski (paediatrician) along with his son, Roman Rencki (general practitioner), Włodzimierz Sieradzki (court medic), Adam Sołowij (gynaecologist) along with his grandchildren [22]. According to S. Laskownicki, Professor W. Dobrzaniecki died because a replacement for him, docent Małys, was already chosen under the pressure of Ukrainians in 1940 [8]. This is how Dr. Zbigniewem Kostecki, former chairman of the Congress of Polonia in Germany, whose father was in professor Władysław Dobrzaniecki’s home during his arrest and was executed, recounts those tragic days: „My mother was a housekeeper of an eminent professor of surgery, Władysław Dobrzaniecki. He was a bachelor, aged 44, lived in a posh 8-bedroom flat. Elegant, stylish. On that day, his friend, Tadeusz Tapkowski, a lawyer with PnD in law, came around. My mother, as I already mentioned, was his housekeeper, and my father came to take her home or to visit her. Suddenly, German police entered and wanted to take everybody with them because they had been given an order to do so. My mother was seven month pregnant with me. The sight of her pregnancy softened the heart of the Gestapo member in charge of the soldiers. My wife is pregnant as well, he said to my mother and told her to hide. But the men were driven away. The following day, in the Wólka Hills, they were separated: the servants were told to go to the left, and professors – to the right. My father did not know the German language, he was mistaken for a professor, maybe he was dressed too well. He didn’t manage to explain the mistake, they wouldn’t listen to him. That’s how he was put in front of the firing squad. My mother learnt about that from the surviving witnesses. I was born two months later, and I have to say that murder left a mark on me. From my early childhood, mum would endlessly talk about those events and about the beauty of Lviv...” [23]. The arrests were continuation of the campaign conducted by Germans against Polish elites; irrespective of German intentions, the arrests undoubtedly fitted in with Ukrainian nationalists’ genocidal plans to „cleanse” the „primevally Ukrainian” land of the „foreign” element in order to build the „Samostijna” (Independent Ukraine). There were also purely material motivations behind the murder, with all kinds of valuables stolen during the arrests and flats and houses seized. The flat of Professor Władysław Dobrzaniecki was occupied by a Ukrainian doctor, Wrzeciono – a brother of the commandant of the Ukrainian police in Lviv [24]. Despite his short professional life, Professor W. Dobrzaniecki left behind quite a collection of scientific papers printed in various Polish and foreign journals in the Polish, English, French, German and Italian languages. The author is a proud owner of a copy of his work in the Italian language “Sulla resezione della mandibola e sua restaurazione” published in Archivo Italiano Chirurgia in 1933 (Fig. 3.). The copy has a handwritten dedication by the author to Dr. A. Musiał. The doctor was found out to be Albin Musiał, ophthalmologist and head at the Saint Zofia Children Hospital in Lviv [4, 5, 25]. Tomasz Cieszyński writes in his work that of the important documents about Professor Władysław Dobrzaniecki, only a collection of his articles survived and is, as stated by the author of the 1990 „Album Chirurgów Polskich” (Album of Polish surgeons), in possession of (late) Professor Z. Jeziora [3, 26]. The author probably had access to that collection, hence he gives the exact number of printed papers and their list. The list does not include the work from 1942, which came out after the professor had been murdered and probably was not part of the collection of papers: Dobrzaniecki W, Haak E. Meningocele spinalis traumatica spuria. Ann Surg., 1942; 116(1): 150–153 [27]. null Of the 66 items, 26 papers are dedicated to issues related to the head and neck [3]: 1. Modyfikacja plastyki odstających uszu [Modification of the plastic surgery of protrusive ears]. Pol Gaz Lek, 1925; 4(35–36): 753–757. 2. Modyfikacja operacji wytwórczej uszu odstających [Modification of the plastic surgery of protrusive ears]. Pol Przegl Chir, 1925; 4: 126. 3. Modification de l’operation plastique des oreilles ecartees. Paris Chirurgical, 1926; 5: 191. 4. Rzadsze schorzenia chirurgiczne nosowej części gardła jako też sposoby leczenia tychże [Less common surgical diseases of the nasal area of the throat as well as ways of treating them]. Pol Przegl Chir, 1927; 6(3): 410. 5. Ein Beitrag zur Pathologie und Chirurgie des Epipharynx. Zrtb Chir, 1926; 53(46): 2898–2904. 6. Postępowanie przy leczeniu czyraków a w szczególności czyraków twarzy [Procedure for treating furuncles, in particular face furuncles]. Prakt Lek, 1927; 1: 44. 7. O tzw. aktinomykoma policzka [On so-called chick actinomycosis]. Pol Gaz Lek, 1927; 6(41): 768–770. 8. Uber das sogenannte Aktinomycom der Wange. Schweiz Med. Wchschr, 1928; 51: 1261. 9. Chirurgia plastyczna i estetyczna twarzy [Plastic and aesthetic surgery of the face]. Pol Gaz Lek, 1928; 7(28): 519–524. 10. Chirurgie plastique et esthetique du visage. Paris Chirurgical, 1928; 20: 129. 11. Cieszyński A., Dobrzaniecki W.: Dwa przypadki nowotworów żuchwy w okolicy brody. Zastąpienie ubytków kości po operacji przyrządami ortopedycznymi i droga plastyki [Two cases of mandible tumours in the chin area. Replacing post- -surgery bone loss with orthopaedic appliances and the path of plastic surgery]. Polska Dentystyka, 1929; 7(1). 12. Sur les anomalies rares des oreilles et le traitement operatoire de certaines d’elles. Ann d’Maladies de l’oreille, du larynx, du nez et du pharynx, 1929; 48(10): 998–1003. 13. Nowsze zabiegi wytwórcze w zakresie ruchomej części nosa [Newer plastic surgery procedures on the moveable part of the nose]. Pol Przegl Chir, 1929; 8(3): 342–348. 14. Restoration of the sub-septal portion of the nose. Ann Surg, 1929; 90(7): 974–977. 15. La restauration de la sous cloison du nez par une methode combinee. Paris Chirur, 1929; 21: 207. 16. Plastyki twarzy [Plastic surgery of the face]. Pol Stom., 1931; 9: 271. 17. Plastic surgery of the face. Revue Chirur Plastique, 1931; 3: 1–19. 18. Rozpoznawanie i leczenie świeżych złamań nosa [Diagnosis and treatment of recent nose fractures]. Praktyk Lek, 1931; 5: 40. 19. Dobrzaniecki W, Michałowski E.: Influence de la suppression de l’excretion de la parotide sur la glycoregulation. Lyon Chirur, 1931; 28(5): 571–579. 20. Ostrowski T., Dobrzaniecki W.: Paralysie faciale peripherique traitee par la gangliectomie cervicale. J Chirurgie Par, 1935; 45: 16–29. 21. Ostrowski T., Dobrzaniecki W.: Obwodowe porażenie nerwu twarzowego leczone przez wycięcie szyjnego zwoju współczulnego [Peripheral paralysis of the facial nerve treated by cutting out the cervical sympathetic ganglion]. Pol Przegl Chir, 1935; 14(6): 793–799. 22. Sulla resezione della mandibola e sua restaurazione. Archivo Ital Chirurgia, 1933; 35(2): 207–217. 23. Dobrzaniecki W., Sowiakowski J.: Les tumeurs de l’orbite. J Chirurgie, 1933; 42(2): 201–221. 24. Le nez bull-dog. J Chirurgie, 1936; 48: 191. 25. Dobrzaniecki W., Stankiewicz S.: Nowotwór szyji wychodzący z pnia współczulnego (neuroma gangliecellulare) u 2-letniego dziecka [Neck tumour coming out of the sympathetic trunk (neuroma gangliecellulare) in a two-year-old child]. Pol Stom Przeg Dent, 1936; 14: 1. 26. Tumeur du cou et du mediastin anterieur de provenance sympatique (ganglioneurome). J Chirurgie, 1936; 48: 785. The tiles of these articles show that the main subject was plastic surgery, both aesthetic and reconstructive one after extensive oncological operations. Profesor Władysław Dobrzaniecki continuously developed his scientific and professional skills, passed on his expertise to other doctors. During nearly 5 years of being a head (1936–1941), the professor educated 17 surgeons who later held managerial positions in the country and abroad [25]. As there are few memories left about Professor Władysław Dobrzaniecki, let me cite, after Professor T. Cieszyński, the memories of those who remembered him: „As reported by many people who knew him directly, Professor Dobrzaniecki showed a huge charisma and profound spirituality. Surgery was the passion of his life. His always active approach to the issues of surgery and scientific research rubbed off on others and were a strong stimulating factor. As far as his other interests were concerned, dramatics and music were his favourite” [3]. We should add to those memories that W. Dobrzaniecki was of average height, well-built, had very dark hair, green eyes shaded by long black lashes, beautifully defined dark eyebrows and a nice, straight nose (Fig. 4.). He was very clever, ambitious and hard-working [8].
EN
The medical society associating doctors dealing with diseases of the ear, nose, larynx and pharynx in the territory of the Republic of Poland was registered in 1921 as the Polish Otorhinolaryngological Society. The Society’s Vilnius Section was established in 1924. We know the most about the Vilnius Section of the Polish Otorhinolaryngological Society because the protocols of the section meetings have been preserved. According to the protocols, 58 sessions were held during the 16 years of the Vilnius Section’s existence. During the entire period of the Section’s activity, over 250 different clinical cases were demonstrated, and more than 30 papers, inventions, new therapeutic and surgical methods were discussed and presented. Colleagues shared their experience gained abroad, internships held in foreign centers; participation in congresses in Poland and abroad were discussed. On September 26–29, 1929 as part of the 13th Congress of Polish Doctors and Naturalists in Vilnius, the Vilnius Section organized the VIII National Congress of the Society and a Section meeting.
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On April 5, 2019 the First Ukrainian-Polish ENT Congress was held in Kiev. The meeting covered issues related to innovative technologies in otorhinolaryngology. The Congress gathered more than 300 doctors from: Ukraine, Poland, Germany, Italy, Kazakhstan, Belarus and Uzbekistan. Poland was represented by 40 participants from the Department of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery of the Medical University of Warsaw and the Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology of the CMKP, the Department of Otolaryngology of the Bielański Hospital in Warsaw, the Otolaryngology Clinic of the Medical University of Gdańsk and the Department of Head and Neck Neoplasms Surgery of the Medical University of Łódź.
EN
Tularemia is anthropozoonosis caused by Bacteria Francisella tularensis a gram negative, non-motile aerobic bacillus.[5][8] The bacteria is transmitted mostly by rabbits, hares, rodents and arthropods. The pathogen penetrates into an organism via damaged skin, conjunctiva or mucosa- either through inhalation or ingestion. The clinical manifestations depend on the route of acquisition. Six forms of the disease can be distinguished: ulceroglandular or glandular, oculoglandular, oropharyngeal, respiratory, typhoidal, and intestinal. [11] We present a case report of the rarest oculoglandular form of tularemia. The patient was admitted to the hospital with right pre-auricular swelling, right sided neck lymphadenopathy, conjunctivitis and a nodule of the right eyelid. After excluding more common differential diagnoses, an ELISA test was performed and Francisella tularensis antibodies were identified. Patient administered proper antibiotic therapy. Tularemia is a rarely occurring disease in Poland and is nearly never taken into consideration by otolaryngologists when diagnosing patients with neck lymphadenopathy. In clinical practice, otorhinolaryngologists should always consider this infectious zoonosis, especially the oculoglandular and oropharyngeal forms, as delayed diagnosis and treatment may causes serious health consequences in patients. In the future new drug research should be conducted because of the adverse effect of widely used medications specially for children and pregnant woman.
EN
W dniach 5–8 września 2018 r. w Katowicach odbył się XLVIII Zjazd Polskiego Towarzystwa Otorynolaryngologów – Chirurgów Głowy i Szyi. Zjazd został zorganizowany przez Katedrę i Klinikę Laryngologii Wydziału Lekarskiego Śląskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach oraz Polskie Towarzystwo Otorynolaryngologów – Chirurgów Głowy i Szyi. Klinika Laryngologii w Katowicach na przestrzeni 67 Iat swojego istnienia dwukrotnie organizowała już krajowy Zjazd PTORL: w roku 1968 Klinika zorganizowała XXVII Zjazd Polskiego Towarzystwa Otolaryngologów, a kolejny krajowy XXXVIII Zjazd PTORL odbył się w Katowicach dokładnie 30 lat później ‒ w 1998 r. W bieżącym roku, po kolejnych 20 latach, ponownie nasza Klinika zorganizowała krajowy Zjazd PTORL. Na ten zjazd zarejestrowało się 894 uczestników, zgłoszono 335 referatów i 74 plakaty.
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