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The history of Otolaryngology

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EN
Prof. Teodor Heiman in his book „Krótki rys historyi otjatryi” („The short communication on the history of otolaryngology”) in 1912, wrote: Whoever wants to get to know medicine, or one of its fields, who does not want to consider his profession as an ordinary craft, he cannot do without the knowledge about what has been done in the past and about the course of the development of science, at least in general terms”. The authors of presented article, following this message, attempt to show what are the possibilities of recognition of the history of Otolaryngology.
EN
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the greatest challenges of modern medicine. Despite implemented social and economic restrictions, the epidemiological situation is still dynamic. Otolaryngologists, especially rhynologists, are at particular risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In order to reduce the spread of the virus, it is necessary to implement procedures to minimize the risk of transmission between healthcare professionals and patients. Due to the location of the virus, it is very important with regard to rhinologic procedures and surgery. Literature review: We reviewed the literature on the topic and presented effective methods of reducing the likelihood of virus transmission during surgery of the nasal and paranasal sinuses performed in our center. It is important that the restrictions brought about by the pandemic do not affect the length of diagnostic process and delay initiation of oncological treatment. Malignancies of the nasal region and paranasal sinuses are detected relatively late due to the time the symptoms appear, and further delays starting therapy can be extremely unfavorable. We believe that at present rhinologic procedures, especially in people with unknown epidemiological status, should be limited to the necessary minimum – life-threatening conditions and tumor resections. Even in such cases, however, it is necessary to strictly follow the procedures in order to reduce the risk of virus transmission. We hope that implementation of the guidelines presented in this work will help fight against the current pandemic and its subsequent waves.
EN
Fungal infections of the ear and paranasal sinus, are recognised quite rarely, but they make sometimes, for many reasons, very important diagnostic-therapy issue. Cantagion may developes near every paranasal sinus. Facilities to invasion give every states, which weaken general and punctual immunity (like immunosupression, chemo-sterydotherapy, blood disease, pregnancy and HIV). After penetrated organism, course of infections, in case of type of patogens, trim of the patient and localization, can have without symptoms, sharp, chronic or fulminant shape. The hardest course with the highest mortality occur in the cases of mucormycosis and aspergillosis. Actually curiosity occur cases of fungal infections, since this times consider to be unpathogenic for humans. For treatment of sinus mycosis in majority chirurgical treatment is required. In addition or the sake of morphological differentiation fungal, in their developing cycle, treatment mycosis recommends serious diffi culty, extra factor, which impeds therapy, is a must of prolongely antifungal treatment and repeated (to total elimination) remove hyphae from sinus, which stay sometimes even for week. Progress of the mycotic infections in paranasal sinus, remain bacterial infections and is often reason of bad diagnosis and incorrect treatment.
EN
Introduction: In the daily practice of an otolaryngologist, we encounter cases where the symptoms are not the result of disease but result from pharmacotherapy. In the case of symptoms such as hearing loss, tinnitus, or dizziness, polytherapy may be used as the basis for their occurrence, which, due to the lack of rationality in combining drugs, leads to symptoms that the patient and the doctor very often interpret as a new disease syndrome. Aim: The aim of the study is to show and to raise awareness of the fact that the symptoms of hearing organ impairment are frequently drug-related and only a modification of the currently used pharmacotherapy is a rational procedure in such cases. Material: This paper describes 30 cases who developed side effects of polypharmacy in the form of hearing disorders, dizziness, and tinnitus. The causes of drug-related complications were discussed, as well as effective methods of their prevention.
EN
Cutaneous and mucosal lesions are seen in many diseases, frequently being the main element of the clinical presentation. It is not uncommon that the patient with mucosal lesions of the upper respiratory tract consults the otolaryngologist first, therefore it is important that those specialists know the mucosal symptoms of dermatological diseases and consider them in the differential diagnosis. In this article diseases with the mucosal lesions of the upper respiratory tract are described, including pemphigus, pemphigoid, lichen planus, and Behçet’s disease. Knowledge of the morphology of these mucosal manifestations is essential in the clinical practice of both dermatologists and otolaryngologists, and the diagnostic and therapeutic success may be achieved only with the cooperation of these specialists.
EN
Currently, 3D printing in medicine does not comprise only prostheses or implants, but also medical modelling and surgical planning. The future of 3D printing is printing combined with tissue bioengineering (bioprinting). Scaffolds made in 3D technology containing living cells are a step to creating tissues and organs. Three-dimensional printing in surgery is now considered the future of reconstructive and regenerative medicine. Head and neck surgery also benefits from advances in 3D printing. In this article, we will describe some of the possibilities offered by 3D printing in the aspect of education, training, and printed prostheses for the needs of head and neck surgery.
PL
Obecnie druk 3D w medycynie oznacza nie tylko protezy czy implanty, ale także modelowanie medyczne i planowanie chirurgiczne. Przyszłością będzie druk 3D połączony z bioinżynierią tkankową (bioprinting). Rusztowania wykonane w technologii 3D zawierające żywe komórki są krokiem do tworzenia tkanek i narządów. Druk trójwymiarowy w chirurgii uważany jest obecnie za przyszłość medycyny rekonstrukcyjnej i regeneracyjnej, a z dokonań na tym polu korzysta także chirurgia głowy i szyi. W prezentowanym artykule opiszemy niektóre możliwości, jakie daje druk 3D w aspekcie edukacji, szkoleń oraz drukowanych protez na potrzeby chirurgii głowy i szyi.
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