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1

Positive and Negative Effects of Addition of Organic Carbon and Nitrogen for Management of Sulfuric Soil Material Acidity under General Soil Use Conditions

100%

Michael P. S.

Polish Journal of Soil Science

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2021

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vol. 54

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issue 1

EN

This paper reports the findings of two studies conducted to investigate the effects on pH, Eh and sulfate content of sulfuric soil material of acid sulfate soil following the addition of organic carbon and nitrogen. The first study compared the responses to simple carbon sources (glucose, sodium acetate and molasses) with complex organic matter in the form of chopped Phragmites. The second experiment considered the effect of nitrogen by testing organic matter with varying nitrogen content. The results of the first study showed that the changes in Eh and sulfate contents induced by these treatments mirrored the changes in pH, the highest change being only 5.6 units induced by sodium acetate. These results showed that organic carbon alone was ineffective in treating sulfuric soil material acidity, and that nitrogen was needed. Lucerne hay which had the highest nitrogen content produced the largest increase in pH by 4.2 units, and the changes of pea straw and wheat straw was 3.2 units. It was proposed that the alkalinising effect of the treatments was mediated by anaerobic microbial metabolism which required sources of nitrogen as well as organic carbon. The changes in soil redox conditions by -150 mV measured indicated that sulfur-reducing bacteria induced the changes in Eh, which caused pH to increase and sulfate content to decrease in comparison with nitrate-reducing bacteria. The findings of these studies have implications for management of sulfuric soil material acidity.

2

Molecular composition of humic substances isolated from selected soils and cryconite of the Grønfjorden area, Spitsbergen

75%

Polyakov V., Zazovskaya E., Abakumov E., Polyakov V., Zazovskaya E., Abakumov E.

Polish Polar Research

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2019

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vol. 40

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issue 2

3

Impact of raw and purified wastewater reuse from the Dar El-Gueddari treatment plant on the soil

63%

Njimat S., Elfettahi F., Griou H., El Brouzi M. Y., Aboulouafa M., Ibn Ahmed S., Njimat S., Elfettahi F., Griou H., El Brouzi M. Y., Aboulouafa M., Ibn Ahmed S.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

4

Factors regulating bacterial abundance in Antarctic coastal and shelf waters

63%

Zdanowski M. K., Zdanowski M. K.

Polish Polar Research

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1998

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vol. 19

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issue 3-4

5

Quantity and Quality of Organic Matter in Soil after Application of Various Organic Materials/Ilość I Jakość Materii Organicznej W Glebie Po Aplikacji Różnych Materiałów Organicznych

63%

Gondek K., Mierzwa M.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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2014

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vol. 21

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issue 3

477-485

EN

Organic carbon concentrations in soil, irrespective of the year of research increased significantly after application of organic materials for the soil fertilization in comparison with the soil from the NPK mineral treatment. The content of low molecular humus compounds extracted from soil using H2SO4 solution was small, regardless of the applied fertilization or year of research. However, after the third year of research a significant increase in this humus fraction content was noted in soil of all treatments where fertilization was applied. After the third year of research, carbon content in alkaline extract rose significantly in soil of all treatments where fertilization with organic materials was applied, in comparison with the soil from mineral NPK treatment. The content of humic acid carbon in soil was lower than fulvic acid carbon, which resulted in lower than one values of Cha : Cfa ratio. However, obtained results point to marked increase in both humus fractions in results of residual effect of applied fertilization. Residual effect of applied fertilization apparently increased the value of absorbance coefficient A4/6, which points to a decreased degree of condensation of humic acid molecule and greater aliphatisation.

PL

Zawartość węgla organicznego w glebie, niezależnie od roku badań, znacznie zwiększyła się po zastosowaniu do nawożenia gleby materiałów organicznych, w porównaniu do gleby z obiektu, w którym zastosowano nawożenie mineralne NPK. Zawartość niskocząsteczkowych związków próchnicznych wyekstrahowanych z gleby roztworem H2SO4 była niewielka bez względu na zastosowane nawożenie oraz rok badań. Niemniej, po trzecim roku badań stwierdzono istotne zwiększenie zawartości tej frakcji próchnicy w glebie wszystkich obiektów, w których zastosowano nawożenie. Po trzecim roku badań zawartość węgla w ekstrakcie alkalicznym istotnie zwiększyła się w glebie wszystkich obiektów, w których zastosowano nawożenie materiałami organicznymi, w porównaniu do zawartości w glebie z obiektu, w którym zastosowano nawożenie mineralne NPK. Zawartość węgla kwasów huminowych w glebie była mniejsza od zawartości węgla kwasów fulwowych, co skutkowało mniejszymi od jedności wartościami ilorazu Ckh:Ckf. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują jednak na znaczące zwiększenie obu frakcji próchnicy w wyniku następczego działania zastosowanego nawożenia. Efektem następczym zastosowanego nawożenia było zwiększenie współczynnika absorbancji A4/6, co wskazuje na zmniejszenie stopnia skondensowania cząsteczki kwasów huminowych oraz większą alifatyzację.

6

The genesis of the carbon dioxide in the Polish Outer Carpathians – Szczawa tectonic window case study – new insight

63%

Oszczypko N., Wójcik-Tabol P., Oszczypko-Clows M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2018

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vol. 68

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issue 2

7

Chondryt Sołtmany

39%

Przylibski T. A.

Acta Societatis Metheoriticae Polonorum

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2016

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vol. 7

93-122

EN

The Sołtmany hammer meteorite is classified as an ordinary chondrite type L6, W0, S2. At present it is the most thoroughly and comprehensively examined Polish meteorite. A comprehensive petrological, mineralogical and geochemical analysis alongside the investigation of its physical and particularly thermophysical properties, and, most of all, analyses of cosmogenic radionuclides and noble gases isotopes content, as well as the use of a troilite thermometer has made it possible to draw interesting conclusions concerning the genesis and evolution of the parent body and the history of the parent meteoroid and, finally, the Sołtmany meteorite. The present report attempts at summing up the results of studies conducted at several European research centres in the last four years. The age of the the Sołtmany chondrite parent rock has been defined at 4.137 billion years. It was formed at a temperature of up to 440–450 K (about 170°C), probably at a depth of up to 3 to 7 km under the surface of the parent body, i.e. at a pressure of the order of 1–2.4 kbar. Such a low temperature during the accretion, diagenesis and metamorphism of the parent body may point to its complicated development, which may be in part due to collisions of partially melted planetesimals. Like with other type L ordinary chondrites, one can infer that the parent body could have been destroyed about 467 million years ago, at the time of a catastrophic collision which led to the formation of Gefion family of planetoids. Perhaps one of the bodies in this family was involved in another collision about 29.2 million years ago, which resulted in ejecting the parent meteoroid of the Sołtmany chondrite onto the Earth collision trajectory. Before entering the Earth’s atmosphere, this meteoroid had the mass of about 36 kg and the diameter of ca 13.5 cm. During its flight through the atmosphere, it rotated and somersaulted, which resulted in the formation of an uniform thin (0.5–0.7 mm) fusion crust, whose temperature reached 1000°C. In the last phase, the Sołtmany meteorite fell almost vertically and its mass was a mere 3% of the mass of the parent meteoroid – 1.066 kg. It hit the roof and then the concrete stairs of a farm building, which caused it to break into two bigger and many small pieces. It was found a few minutes after the fall, which occurred at 6:03 a.m. (CEST, UTC+2:00) on 30 April 2011, by Wydmińskie Lake in northern Poland (54°00,53’N, 22°00,30’E). The Sołtmany chondrite is one of just 14 meteorites in which the activity concentration of the cosmogenic 52Mn has been determined, and one of the few ordinary chondrites where the concentration of organic matter has been defined. As a result, it was found out that unlike in carbonaceous CI chondrites, the composition of organic particles is dominated by less complex compounds (CHO and CHOS) than CHNO and CHNOS compounds. This may indicate the decomposition of more complex organic compounds into particles with simple structures during magmatic and metamorphic processes related to formation of type L ordinary chondrites.

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2 Polish Polar Research

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1 Acta Societatis Metheoriticae Polonorum

1 Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

1 Journal of Water and Land Development

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2 2021

1 2019

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1 Abakumov E.

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1 Oszczypko-Clows M.

1 Polyakov V.

1 Przylibski T. A.

1 Wójcik-Tabol P.

1 Zazovskaya E.