Search results

1

Occupational exposure to Am-Be neutron calibration source mounted in OB26 shielding container

100%

Szewczak K., Jednorog S.

Nukleonika

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2014

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vol. 59

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issue 3

97-103

EN

Laboratory for Dosimetric and Radon Instruments Calibration which is a part of Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection (CLRP) in Warsaw is equipped with 241Am-Be neutron calibration source with activity of 185 GBq since 1999. The capsule was mounted in the OB26 type shielding container. The control room is separated from the above source by a concrete wall of 0.5 m in thickness. The calibration hall is adjacent to one side of the offi ce room. To comply with the requirements of the radiological protection system, the occupational exposure of persons that are working both in the offi ce and control room needs to be assessed. Two methods were involved for ambient dose equivalent rate determination. The active instrument measurements (AIMs) performed with the Berthold LB6411 neutron probe and the Monte Carlo simulation method (MCS) based on MCNP5 code. These estimations were completed for fi ve reference points. Additionally the γ radiation component was measured by RSS131 ionisation chamber. An increased value of the ambient dose equivalent rate from neutrons was observed in two reference positions. The fi rst observation was done in the control room while the second one in the offi ce room. Expected individual dose equivalents were evaluated based on the results of the AIM and on the expected working time in particular reference points. The annual individual dose equivalent associated with calibration activities using mentioned neutron source was estimated at maximum 0.8 mSv.

2

Assessment of occupational internal exposure to beta emitters from the nuclear reactor primary coolant circuit

88%

Pliszczyński T., Ciszewska K., Dymecka M., Ośko J., Haratym Z.

Polish Journal of Medical Physics And Engineering

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2012

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vol. 18

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issue 2

41-47

EN

Fission products of 235U or isotopes from activation may appear in technological waters at normal operation of a research reactor. Therefore, reactor cooling water may contain a number of beta radioactive isotopes including yttrium and strontium isotopes, which can pose potential hazard to reactor personnel. In order to asses internal exposure urinalysis is carried out. This work presents the method of sample preparation and measurement used by Radiation Protection Measurements Laboratory (RPLM) of the National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCNR). Method of various isotopes of yttrium and Sr-90 activity calculation is also shown. Determination of these isotopes activities in urine sample allows estimating the effective doses

3

Green tobacco sickness – A brief review

75%

Reddy M. N. T., Ashok N.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2019

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vol. 24

209-214

EN

Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS) has been one of the unexplored areas of occupational health safety. Green Tobacco Sickness is caused by the absorption of nicotine through the skin from wet tobacco plants who have direct contact with tobacco plants during cultivation and harvesting. The present review was carried out to discuss the etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of GTS. It is caused by the absorption of nicotine through the skin while the workers are engaged in handling the uncured tobacco leaves. The symptoms include nausea, vomiting, pallor, dizziness, headaches, increased perspiration, chills, abdominal pain, diarrhea, increased salivation, prostration, weakness, breathlessness, and occasional lowering of blood pressure. The use of personal protective equipment like water‑resistant clothing, chemical‑resistant gloves, plastic aprons, and rain‑suits with boots should be used by the tobacco farmers to prevent its occurrence. An international‑level awareness campaign has to be taken up and more stringent workers safety regulations have to be formulated.

4

The Comparison of Sharps Injuries Reported by Doctors Versus Nurses from Surgical Wards in the Context of the Prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV Infections

63%

Gańczak M., Bohatyrewicz A., Korzeń M., Karakiewicz B.

Polish Journal of Surgery

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2012

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vol. 84

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issue 4

190-195

EN

The aim of the study was to evaluate the nature and frequency of sharps injuries among doctors and nurses from the same surgical/gynecological wards and the prevalence of HBV/HCV/HIV infection.Material and methods. An anonymous cross-sectional sero-survey, with ELISA system used to detect anti-HBc, anti-HCV, anti-HIV, was conducted among 89 doctors and 414 nurses from 16 randomly selected hospitals in West Pomerania, Poland, between January-June 2009.Results. During the preceding 12 months, 82% doctors and 44.4% nurses (p<0.0001) had sustained at least one sharps injury; 12.3% doctors vs 2.2% nurses (p<0.003) sustained more than 10 injuries. The multivariable regression model revealed that being a doctor was associated with a greater odds (OR 4.2) of being injured with sharps. Sixty nine percent of nurses sustained a hollow-bore needle injury vs 8.9% doctors; p<0.001. Anti-HBc were found in 16.4% of doctors and 11.2% of nurses, p>0.28; anti-HCV - in 1.1% of doctors vs 1.4% of nurses, p>0.79; no anti-HIV positive cases were found. The analysis of potential risk factors for contracting a HBV revealed that for both job categories only length of employment was associated with an increased odds of being infected.Conclusions. Although the prevalence of HBV/HCV infection between doctors and nurses does not differ significantly, modifiable risk factors for contracting a BBI such as frequency and nature of sharps injuries may differ, which call for tailoring preventive measures to specific job categories. Long lasting exposure to injury events should be taken into consideration while assessing the risk for accuiring an occupational infection with HBV, HCV or HIV.

5

Czynniki ryzyka przewlekłej obturacyjnej choroby płuc u pacjentów leczonych szpitalnie

63%

Iwanicka-Michałowicz M., Grzelewska-Rzymowska I.

Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna

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2009

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vol. 5

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issue 1

27-32

EN

COPD is currently one of the most important health problems all over the world. The most frequent factor responsible for COPD development is smoking of cigarettes, both active and passive. Other reasons influencing COPD development are occupational exposure to dust, chemical substances, irritant gases. The risk factor is congenital deficiency of α1-antitrypsin (genetic factor). The aim of the paper was to analyse any risk factors influencing development of COPD. The study was performed in 200 people with diagnosed COPD treated between 2005 and 2007. A patient medical history based on a questionnaire prepared for the study was performed in all patients. The study results then underwent statistical analysis. Of the subjects 124 (62%) were males and 76 (38%) were females. Mean age of the males – 66.1 years and of the females – 66.4 years. The main risk factor of the disease in the group studied was cigarette smoking – found in 170 patients (85%), from them 37.5% were current smokers, 47.5% were former smokers. Smoking history of current and former smokers averaged 42 pack-years (range 1-160). COPD was also found in 30 lifelong non-smokers (15%). Exposure to passive smoking at work and/or at home was observed in 175 people (87.5%). The inhalation of hazardous substances in the work environment was reported in 150 of the people studied (75%). Due to the fact that the smoking habit is very frequently found among COPD patients, it seems necessary to intensify actions taken to spread knowledge regarding COPD’s causes and effects, increase anti-smoking education and implement cheap and effective test screening methods.

PL

POChP należy obecnie do najpoważniejszych problemów zdrowotnych na świecie. Najczęstszym czynnikiem, który odpowiada za rozwój POChP, jest palenie tytoniu, zarówno czynne, jak i bierne. Kolejnymi przyczynami warunkującymi rozwój POChP są narażenie zawodowe na pyły, substancje chemiczne, gazy drażniące. Czynnikiem ryzyka jest także wrodzony niedobór α1-antytrypsyny (czynnik genetyczny). Celem pracy była analiza czynników ryzyka warunkujących rozwój POChP. W badaniu wzięło udział 200 osób z rozpoznaniem POChP leczonych szpitalnie w latach 2005-2007. U wszystkich chorych przeprowadzono wywiad według kwestionariusza przygotowanego na potrzeby badania. Wyniki badania poddano analizie statystycznej. W badanej grupie było 76 kobiet (38%) i 124 mężczyzn (62%). Średnia wieku mężczyzn wynosiła 66,1 roku, kobiet – 66,4 roku. Głównym czynnikiem ryzyka rozwoju choroby w badanej grupie było palenie tytoniu – stwierdzono je u 170 badanych (85%), przy czym 37,5% chorych było aktualnymi palaczami, a 47,5% byłymi palaczami. Średni czas trwania nałogu w grupie obecnych i byłych palaczy wyniósł 42 paczkolata (rozpiętość 1-160). POChP rozpoznano również u 30 osób nigdy niepalących papierosów (15%). Narażenie na bierne palenie w pracy i/lub w domu podawało 175 chorych (87,5%). Narażenie na wdychanie szkodliwych substancji w środowisku pracy zgłaszało 150 badanych (75%). W związku z faktem, że nałóg palenia tytoniu jest zjawiskiem bardzo częstym wśród chorych na POChP, konieczne wydaje się zintensyfikowanie działań mających na celu upowszechnianie wiedzy na temat przyczyn i skutków POChP, realizację edukacji antytytoniowej oraz wdrożenie taniej i skutecznej metody badań przesiewowych.

6

Safety evaluation for a high signal operator with electric field exposure induced by contact wires

63%

Yang C.-Q., Lu M., Yang C.-Q., Lu M.

Archives of Electrical Engineering

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2021

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vol. 70

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issue 2

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