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A Reliability of Electromyographic Normalization Methods for the Infraspinatus Muscle in Healthy Subjects

100%
Ha S.-m., Cynn H.-s., Kwon O.-y., Park K.-n., Kim G.-m.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2013
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vol. 36
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issue 1
69-76
EN
The purpose of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability of normalization methods for the infraspinatus muscle in a group of healthy subjects. Twelve healthy subjects (male=8, female=4) performed the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) with examiner`s resistance, MVIC with a digital tension-meter (MVIC-DT), and sub-MVIC methods. Surface electromyography (EMG) signals were recorded from the infraspinatus muscles according to normalization methods. Reliability was analyzed using the intra-class coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable difference (MDD). The results of the present study demonstrated that the sub-MVIC method has excellent test-retest reliability (ICC=0.92) with a relatively small SEM (5.9 mV) and MDD95 (16.4 mV), compared to MVIC-DT (ICC=0.73; SEM=11.2 mV; MDD95: 31 mV) and MVIC-E (ICC=0.5; SEM=15.7 mV; MDD95: 43.6 mV). These findings provide evidence that sub-MVIC is more appropriate for comparing the EMG activity for the infraspinatus muscle as a normalization method. If MVIC for normalization is needed, MVIC-DT is more appropriate than MVIC-E.
2
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New compensation scheme of magneto-optical current sensor for temperature stability improvement

88%
Chen J., Li H., Zhang M., Zhang Y.
Metrology and Measurement Systems
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2012
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issue 3
3
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Adaptacja i wykorzystanie testu fluencji słownej na świecie

75%
Ponichtera-Kasprzykowska M., Sobów T.
Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna
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2014
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vol. 14
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issue 3
178-187
EN
Aim: The verbal fluency test is one of the best known and useful neuropsychological tools based on the language functions diagnosis. The study was aimed at analysis and evaluation of adaptation and use of this test in the world, with a special emphasis on the situation in Poland. Material and methods: The research material was completed due to a survey of electronic databases. Some of the studies were singled out manually. Among other, the following key words were used: verbal fluency, adaptation of verbal fluency test, FAS, COWAT (Controlled Oral Word Association Test). Finally, included into the basic analysis were 33 research articles from 23 countries. Additionally, the detailed evaluation included 18 Polish tests, using the verbal fluency test. Results: The greatest group among the analysed studies was that of standardization studies. Far less frequently included is complete linguistic adaptation. A high freedom is observed within selection of the phonetic variant letters, even among researchers from one country. Conclusions: Basically, the use of the verbal fluency test in Poland does not diverge from international tendencies. There is a considerable diversity as regards the way of adaptation of the tool for the demand of a given population and within it. Because of too few comparative data within the applied phonetic variants of the test, we cannot explicitly indicate a predominance of original version of the tool or simultaneously applied lists of letters.
PL
Cel: Test fluencji słownej to jedno z najbardziej znanych i użytecznych narzędzi neuropsychologicznych opierających się na diagnozie funkcji językowych. Celami pracy były analiza i ewaluacja adaptacji i wykorzystania tego testu na świecie, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sytuacji w Polsce. Materiał i metody: Materiał badawczy skompletowano w wyniku przeglądu elektronicznych baz danych. Część prac wyodrębniono w sposób manualny. Używano m.in. następujących słów kluczowych: verbal fluency, adaptation of verbal fluency test, FAS, COWAT (Controlled Oral Word Association Test). Ostatecznie do podstawowej analizy włączono 33 prace badawcze z 23 krajów. Dodatkowo szczegółowej ewaluacji poddano 18 polskich prac wykorzystujących test fluencji słownej. Wyniki: Wśród analizowanych prac najliczniejszą grupę stanowią badania normalizacyjne. Znacznie rzadziej uwzględnia się pełną adaptację lingwistyczną. Obserwuje się dużą dowolność pod względem wyboru liter wariantu fonetycznego, nawet wśród badaczy z jednego kraju. Wnioski: Wykorzystanie testu fluencji słownej w Polsce nie odbiega zasadniczo od tendencji międzynarodowych. Występuje znaczna różnorodność, jeśli chodzi o sposób zaadaptowania narzędzia do potrzeb danej populacji i w jej obrębie. Ze względu na małą ilość danych porównawczych w zakresie stosowanych wariantów fonetycznych testu nie można jednoznacznie wykazać przewagi oryginalnej wersji narzędzia bądź równolegle wykorzystywanych zestawów liter.
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Circulating MicroRNAs as Biomarkers in Coronary Heart Disease and Heart Failure

75%
Cameron V. A., Pilbrow A. P.
microRNA Diagnostics and Therapeutics
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2014
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vol. 1
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issue 1
EN
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding, single-stranded RNAs (19–25 nucleotides long) that regulate expression of multiple target genes, predominantly by binding to the 3′ untranslated region of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts, resulting either in translational inhibition or mRNA degradation. miRNAs are found in many bodily fluids, including plasma and serum, and are protected from degradation in the circulation through association with lipids, proteins, or microparticles, making them attractive disease biomarker candidates. Circulating levels of cardiac miRNAs (including miR-1, miR-133a, miR-208a, miR-208b, and miR-499) have been frequently reported as elevated in both coronary heart disease (CHD) and heart failure (HF) and have been proposed as candidate biomarkers that reflect the severity of myocardial injury. Subsequent large, array-based screening studies comparing patients and controls have identified altered expression of additional miRNAs, not just those of cardiac origin. However, among these studies there has been little consensus as to which miRNAs are top candidates for diagnosis or prognosis in either CHD or HF. The measurement of circulating miRNAs is further complicated by the timing of collection, especially after acute cardiac events while miRNA levels in blood may be rapidly changing; confounding influences from medications or contaminating blood cells at the time of sampling; and the need for standardization of normalization strategies. This review evaluates recent developments in the identification of circulating miRNAs as markers for diagnosis and prognosis in CHD and HF, and the methodological issues in measurement of circulating miRNAs.
5
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The Reliability of Electromyographic Normalization Methods for Cycling Analyses

75%
Sinclair J., Taylor P. J., Hebron J., Brooks D., Hurst H. T., Atkins S.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2015
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vol. 46
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issue 1
19-27
EN
Electromyography (EMG) is normalized in relation to a reference maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) value. Different normalization techniques are available but the most reliable method for cycling movements is unknown. This study investigated the reliability of different normalization techniques for cycling analyses. Twenty-five male cyclists (age 24.13 ± 2.79 years, body height 176.22 ± 4.87 cm and body mass 67.23 ± 4.19 kg, BMI = 21.70 ± 2.60 kg·m−1) performed different normalization procedures on two occasions, within the same testing session. The rectus femoris, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles were examined. Participants performed isometric normalizations (IMVC) using an isokinetic dynamometer. Five minutes of submaximal cycling (180 W) were also undertaken, allowing the mean (DMA) and peak (PDA) activation from each muscle to serve as reference values. Finally, a 10 s cycling sprint (MxDA) trial was undertaken and the highest activation from each muscle was used as the reference value. Differences between reference EMG amplitude, as a function of normalization technique and time, were examined using repeated measures ANOVAs. The testretest reliability of each technique was also examined using linear regression, intraclass correlations and Cronbach’s alpha. The results showed that EMG amplitude differed significantly between normalization techniques for all muscles, with the IMVC and MxDA methods demonstrating the highest amplitudes. The highest levels of reliability were observed for the PDA technique for all muscles; therefore, our results support the utilization of this method for cycling analyses.
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