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MANAGEMENT OF ATTENTION DEFICIT AND FINE MOTOR INCOORDINATION OF PRIMARY SCHOOL GOING ADHD (INATTENTIVE TYPE) CHILDREN

100%
Khan N. A., Jahan M., Kanchan A., Singh A. R.
Acta Neuropsychologica
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2017
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vol. 15(3)
283-301
EN
Background: Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) have a wide range of neuropsychological deficits including attention, memory, and executive functioning. The study was targeted to use a neuropsychological approach in remediating attention and fine motor training or the incoordination of children with ADHD- Inattentive type (IA). Material/Methods: A total of 20 primary school children fulfilling the criteria of ADHD- IA type were selected from different schools in Mysuru, India. Neuropsychological deficits were assessed using appropriate tools. Children in the experimental group were given attention and fine motor training for 3 months. A post test was conducted after 3 months training. The maintenance effect of therapy was studied until the completion of 1 year. Results: Results revealed that attention fine motor training was effective in improving focused and selective attention, working memory, new learning ability, visual fluency and fine motor training incoordination. Conclusions: It can be concluded that a neuropsychological rehabilitation is effective in remediating the deficits faced by children with ADHD-IA.
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NEURO-COVID: A PRELIMINARY REVIEW

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MacQueen B. D., MacQueen W. D.
Acta Neuropsychologica
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2021
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vol. 19(3)
389-402
EN
This article reviews some very recent publications pertaining to the long-term neuropsychological effects of COVID 19 (neuroCOVID). Although such publications are now appearing in large numbers on a daily basis, we still do not have enough data of sufficient quality to enable any firm conclusions to be reached. At this point, then, the authors determined to consider the main questions that have emerged so far, as we wait for the results of more thorough research in the future. The article takes up three main questions: (1). What is the etiology and pathomechanism of the neuropsychological symptoms caused by SAR-CoV-2 infection, and what is the prognosis? (2). Of the reported symptoms, which ones should be considered pathognomonic, and what is their significance? (3). What can clinicians do for their patients now, in the absence of the kind of data we need to answer either of the other two questions with any degree of certainty? Although it is not possible at this point in time to answer any of these questions definitively, it does seem increasingly clear that the problems are complex, not only at the cellular level, but also (and perhaps more so) at the conceptual level. The common report of “brain fog,” for example, very much needs to be explored, in order to determine what this vague term actually means, and what, if anything, can be done to allevi- ate it. This will require us to rethink such basic concepts as consciousness, and also to commit ourselves to genuinely interdisciplinary study.
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Zastosowanie programów komputerowych w rehabilitacji neuropsychologicznej dysfunkcji poznawczych u pacjentów ze stwardnieniem rozsianym

72%
Tyburski E., Mak M., Korwin-Piotrowska K., Potemkowski A., Stencelewicz E.
Aktualności Neurologiczne
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2013
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vol. 13
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issue 2
136-144
EN
In the clinical picture of sclerosis multiplex (SM) the neurological functioning of patients is affected, besides the neurological symptoms, by neuropsychological symptoms, which include emotional disturbances, cognitive dysfunction, and personality factors. Memory, attention or executive functions disturbances affect reduction of adaptability, which play a key role in the quality of life of patients. Prevalence studies using large, community and clinical samples indicate that roughly 45–60% of patients with SM are cognitively impaired. Cognitive disorders with mobility disabilities may hinder daily functioning, often they become obstacle to take life tasks, so there is a need to develop new and effective rehabilitation programs for this group of patients. Neuropsychological rehabilitation of patients with SM is covered by the various types of impacts, especially reduction of cognitive deficits as much as possible. There is increasingly use of computer programs to cognitive trainings in neuropsychologist work. The basis for this type of impact is evidence of neuroplastic changes in people with SM. The greatest therapeutic effects are achieved through the cooperation of an interdisciplinary team, including neurologist, psychiatrist, neuropsychologist and physiotherapist. Obtaining such assistance by patients with SM still remains difficult in Poland. An example illustrating the effective usage of neuropsychological rehabilitation with the help of computer programs is a case study of a patient with SM.
PL
W obrazie klinicznym stwardnienia rozsianego (łac. sclerosis multiplex, SM) na funkcjonowanie chorych wpływają – poza objawami neurologicznymi – współwystępujące objawy neuropsychologiczne, do których zalicza się zaburzenia emocjonalne i dysfunkcje poznawcze oraz czynniki osobowościowe. Dysfunkcje w sferze procesów uwagi, funkcji wykonawczych czy pamięci mają wpływ na zmniejszenie zdolności adaptacyjnych, które są kluczowe dla jakości życia chorych. W badaniach dużych grup klinicznych udowodniono obecność dysfunkcji poznawczych u 40–65% pacjentów. Najczęściej na SM zapadają osoby młode, u których dysfunkcje ruchowe i zaburzenia poznawcze mogą utrudniać codzienne funkcjonowanie, a często też stają się przeszkodą w podejmowaniu zadań życiowych. Dlatego też istnieje potrzeba opracowania nowych i skutecznych programów rehabilitacyjnych dla tej grupy chorych. Rehabilitacja neuropsychologiczna pacjentów z SM obejmuje różnego rodzaju oddziaływania, których celem jest leczenie dysfunkcji poznawczych. W pracy neuropsychologa coraz częściej jako narzędzie terapeutyczne wykorzystuje się programy komputerowe służące do treningów poznawczych. Podstawą dla tego typu oddziaływań są dowody świadczące o zmianach neuroplastycznych u osób ze stwardnieniem rozsianym. Największe efekty terapeutyczne osiąga się jednak dzięki współpracy zespołu interdyscyplinarnego, w którego skład powinni wchodzić neurolog, psychiatra, neuropsycholog oraz rehabilitant. W Polsce uzyskanie takiej pomocy przez pacjentów z SM jest nadal bardzo trudne. Przykładem obrazującym skuteczne zastosowanie rehabilitacji neuropsychologicznej za pomocą programów komputerowych jest studium przypadku chorego ze stwardnieniem rozsianym.
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Neuropsychological consequences of COVID-19: current approach and clinical recommendations

58%
Treder-Rochna N., Witkowska M. A.
Acta Neuropsychologica
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2024
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vol. 22(1)
107-128
EN
Nearly two years into the pandemic, a large body of data has emerged on how COVID-19-positive patients function with the viral infection. It is now known that the virus targets the central nervous system(CNS). As a result, in addition to the expected common health complaints, patients display cognitive and emotional problems. Cognitive deficits should be expected particularly in patients who have arrived at an intensive care unit as a result of respiratory failure, in patients suffering from comorbid neurodegenerative diseases and respiratory conditions, as well as in the elderly. However, these may also occur in patients with moderate to mild symptoms as well as in those of a younger age. The cognitive impairment has an unknown profile. Given the hypothesised hippocampal vulnerability to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, one might expect particular difficulties with memory, attention, information processing, and executive functions. With varying neuropsychological and emotional problems, convalescents in trying to return to their social, family and professional life require professional psychological assistance. The role of neuropsychologists is here crucial. Indeed, many patients will require a detailed, multifaceted neuropsychological diagnosis that will form the basis for subsequent neuropsychological rehabilitation. An early detection of neuropsychological manifestations could modify the risk of subsequent irreversible impairment and further neurocognitive decline.
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