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The Effects of a Six-week Plyometric Training Program on the Stiffness of Anterior and Posterior Muscles of the Lower Leg in Male Volleyball Players

100%
Mroczek D., Superlak E., Seweryniak T., Maćkała K., Konefał M., Chmura P., Borzucka D., Rektor Z., Chmura J.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2017
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vol. 20
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issue 4
107-115
EN
The study assesses the effects of a six-week plyometric training program (PT) on muscle stiffness in the dominant and non-dominant leg in male collegiate volleyball players. The study group comprised 16 volleyball players who had played collegiate volleyball for at least four years. For six consecutive weeks, twice a week, the players undertook a plyometric program of 60-min training sessions, each preceded with a specialist warm-up. The analysis of the anterior muscles of the right and the left lower leg revealed a significant increase in stiffness in the muscles of the right leg and the left leg. No significant differences were found between the anterior muscles of the left lower leg and the right lower leg in particular weeks of the training program. The analysis of the posterior lower leg muscles revealed no significant differences, either in the consecutive weekly training microcycles or between the left leg and the right leg. The measurement of muscle tone and biomechanical properties of muscles can be used as a fast and direct assessment of plyometric training-related muscle fatigue. A similar level of muscle stiffness in both lower legs (symmetry) is a reflection of the appropriate selection of plyometric training loads.
2
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Influence of Passive Stiffness of Hamstrings on Postural Stability

100%
Kuszewski M., Gnat R., Sobota G., Myśliwiec A.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2015
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vol. 45
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issue 1
49-57
EN
The aim of the study was to explore whether passive stiffness of the hamstrings influences the strategy of maintaining postural stability. A sample of 50 subjects was selected; the final analyses were based on data of 41 individuals (33 men, 8 women) aged 21 to 29 (mean = 23.3, SD = 1.1) years. A quasi- experimental ex post facto design with repeated measures was used. Categories of independent variables were obtained directly prior to the measurement of the dependent variables. In stage one of the study, passive knee extension was measured in the supine position to assess hamstring stiffness. In stage two, the magnitude of postural sway in antero-posterior direction was measured, while varying the body position on a stabilometric platform, both with and without visual control. The margin of safety was used as a measure of postural control. The magnitude of the margin of safety increased significantly between the open-eye and closed-eye trials. However, although we registered a visible tendency for a larger increase of the margin of safety associated with lower levels of passive hamstrings stiffness, no significant differences were found. Therefore, this study demonstrated that hamstring stiffness did not influence the strategy used to maintain postural stability.
3
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Viscoelastic properties of lower extremity muscles after elite track cycling sprint events: a case report

88%
Klich S., Krymski I., Kawczyński A.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2020
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vol. 29
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issue 1
5-10
EN
Sprint cycling events require a high level of anaerobic capacity and, therefore, may affect peripheral fatigue throughout exercise-induced muscle damage. In fact, those alterations might decrease power generation. This study was performed on a 23 years old male elite track cyclist taking part in a sprint event. The measurements included power output (W) and cadence (rpm), lactate concentration (La-), heart rate (bpm), Rating of Perceived Exertion scale and viscoelastic properties analysis. The present study has shown a new approach to monitor the muscle properties of the lower extremity after 200 m flying start and repeated sprint races. Therefore, we hypothesized that repeated sprint races might lead to alterations in viscoelastic properties of lower extremity muscles. In track cycling, especially in sprint events, these variations may lead to increased muscle fatigue. Furthermore, training control and monitoring related to the assessment of muscles properties can be a source of counteracting injuries and relieving fatigue.
4
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Ocena wpływu treningu plyometrycznego na sztywność mięśnia prostego uda u zawodników siatkówki, mierzona miotonometrem

75%
Mrozik K., Błach B., Kusiak M., Janusiak M., Pożarowszczyk B., Kisilewicz A., Kawczyński A., Urbaniak M.
Polish Journal of Sports Medicine
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2017
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vol. 33(4)
273-279
EN
Background. Stretch – shortening cyccle plays an important role in sport, especially in professional sports. Athletes” plyometric capabilities of are regulated by their ability of effective cycle usage. The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in rectus femoris muscle stiffness in volleyball players after plyometric training. Metrial and methods. Seven volleyball players were tested. For two weeks a specially prepared plyometric training was performed. Stiffness of the rectus femoris muscle was tested using MyotonPro, before and after 1 and 2 weeks of training. The measurements were performed on two points on rectus femoris in the supine position. Analysis of variance for repeated measurments was used to determine statistical significance. Results After two weeks of training for both measured points, statisticaly significant changes in rectus femoris muscle stiffness were noted. After one week of training were no significant changes in muscle stiffness were noted. Conclusions. 1. Two week plyometric training cycle has a statistically significant effect on the decrease in rectus femoris muscle stiffness in volleyball players. 2. A week of plyometric training has no influence on the changes in rectus femoris stiffness.
PL
Wstęp. Cykl rozciągnięcie – skurcz ma duże znaczenie dla efektywności ruchu, szczególnie w sporcie wyczynowym. Zdolności plyometryczne zawodnika są regulowane poprzez zdolność efektywnego wykorzystania tego cyklu. Celem pracy było określenie zmian sztywności mięśnia prostego uda u siatkarzy pod wpływem treningu plyometrycznego. Materiał i metody. W badaniu udział wzięło 7 siatkarzy. Badani wykonywali przez 2 tygodnie specjalnie przygotowany trening plyometryczny. Przed, po 1-szym i po 2-gim tygodniu treningu mierzono sztywność mięśnia prostego uda za pomocą miotonometru MyotonPro. Pomiary były prowadzone w dwóch punktach na mięśniu prostym uda w pozycji leżenia tyłem. W analizie statystycznej posłużono się testem analizy wariancji dla pomiarów powtarzanych. Wyniki. Po dwóch tygodniach treningu, dla obu mierzonych punktów zanotowano istotne statystycznie zmniejszenie sztywności mięśnia prostego uda. Po tygodniu treningu zmiana sztywności mięśnia prostego uda nie była istotna statystycznie. Wnioski. 1. Dwutygodniowy trening plyometryczny u siatkarzy wpływa istotnie na zmniejszenie sztywności mięśnia prostego uda. 2. Tydzień treningu plyometrycznego nie powoduje istotnych statystycznie zmian sztywności mięśnia prostego uda.
5
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Wpływ wysiłku fizycznego na sztywność mięśnia czworobocznego grzbietu u młodych pływaków

63%
Pożarowszczyk B., Janusiak M., Błach B., Ciszek B., Kawczyński A.
Polish Journal of Sports Medicine
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2017
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vol. 33(3)
203-208
EN
Background. With this study we wanted to evaluate the influence of physical effort during swimming on upper trapezius muscle stiffness. To the best of our knowledge no study has addressed efficacy of swimming on muscle stiffness, assessed by myotonometry. According to our hypothesis, stiffness of upper trapezius muscle will decrease in response to a warm up. Moreover we want to check muscle stiffness changes related to participation in swimming competition. Material and methods. Sixteen female and male swimmers participated in our study. To fulfill our aims we conducted a study composed three measurements of upper trapezius muscle stiffness, before and after the warm up and immediately after the race. The muscle stiffness was assessed by using myotonometric measurements with the MyotonPRO device. Results. Upper trapezius muscle stiffness measurement decreased by few points significantly from before the warm up to after the warm up. There were no significant changes in measurements after the race. Conclusions. Our warm up swimming protocol caused significant decrease of muscle stiffness. Our findings could be an important asset for coaches or other researchers investigating swimming-related changes in muscle stiffness.
PL
Wstęp. Celem pracy było określenie wpływu wysiłku fizycznego na sztywność górnej części mięśnia czworobocznego grzbietu. Żadne z dotychczasowych badań nie obejmowało pomiarów sztywności mięśnia metodą miotonometrii w pływaniu. Założyliśmy, że w odpowiedzi na wysiłek fizyczny podczas rozgrzewki pływackiej sztywność mięśnia czworobocznego grzbietu zmniejszy się. Celem pracy było również określenie zmian sztywności mięśnia czworobocznego grzbietu związanych ze startem na zawodach pływackich. Materiał i metody. W badaniu wzięło udział 16 pływaków. Badanie obejmowało trzy pomiary sztywności mięśnia czworobocznego grzbietu: przed i po rozgrzewce oraz po wyścigu pływackim. Pomiarów dokonano za pomocą urządzenia MyotonPro. Wyniki. Sztywność górnej części mięśnia czworobocznego grzbietu zmniejszyła się istotnie statystycznie w wybranych punktach pomiędzy pomiarami dokonanymi przed i po pływackiej rozgrzewce. Nie zanotowano istotnych statystycznie zmian sztywności po wyścigu pływackim. Wnioski. Zastosowany protokół rozgrzewki spowodował zmniejszenie sztywności mięśnia czworobocznego grzbietu. Powyższe wyniki mogą być ważną podpowiedzią dla trenerów i badaczy obserwujących zmiany sztywności mięśni u pływaków.
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