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1

A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating Changes in Electrical Muscle Activity, Pain, and Function after Shockwave Therapy in Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain: Pilot Study

100%

Elgendy M. H., Mohamed M., Hussein H. M.

Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja

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2022

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vol. 24(2)

87-94

EN

Background. To investigate the effect of adding r-ESWT to a standard exercise program of chronic non-specific LBP on electrical muscle activity (EMG), pain and function. Materials and methods. Our single-blind randomized controlled trial enrolled 30 patients with chronic non-specific LBP randomly allocated to an r-ESWT (n=15) group and a control group (n=15). All patients received a standard exercise program, while r-ESWT was additionally administered in the r-ESWT group. EMG activity, pain and function were assessed before and after 6 weeks of treatment. Results. After treatment, all outcome measures were significantly different (p < 0.05). The addition of r-ESWT produced a significant increase in EMG activity (of all muscles tested) and a reduction in pain intensity and functional disability scores (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. Conclusions. 1. A standard intervention offered either alone or with r-ESWT increased EMG activities, reduced pain, and enhanced function in patients with chronic non-specific LBP. 2. Adding r-ESWT to the standard intervention program might produce better results.

2

Rabbit muscle fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase is phosphorylated in vivo.

88%

Rakus D., Zarzycki M., Dzugaj A.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2003

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vol. 50

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issue 1

115-121

EN

Phosphorylated fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) was isolated from rabbit muscle in an SDS/PAGE homogeneous form. Its dephosphorylation with alkaline phosphatase revealed 2.8 moles of inorganic phosphate per mole of FBPase. The phosphorylated FBPase (P-FBPase) differs from the dephosphorylated enzyme in terms of its kinetic properties like Km and kcat, which are two times higher for the phosphorylated FBPase, and in the affinity for aldolase, which is three times lower for the dephosphorylated enzyme. ephosphorylated FBPase can be a substrate for protein kinase A and the amount of phosphate incorporated per FBPase monomer can reach 2-3 molecules. Since interaction of muscle aldolase with muscle FBPase results in desensitisation of the latter toward AMP inhibition (Rakus & Dzugaj, 2000, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 275, 611-616), phosphorylation may be considered as a way of muscle FBPase activity regulation.

3

Infrared Sensor Technology (IST) Test as a Tool for Assessment of Flexibility

88%

Syahruddin S., Imam I. S., Lungit L., Ramdan R. P., Bagus B. W.

Advances in Rehabilitation

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2019

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vol. 33

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issue 3

5-9

EN

Introduction The evaluation of flexibility is important to coaches to assess their players’ flexibility status, predict future performance, and even detect talented players. The aim of this research was to develop a new flexibility test to examine the forward split in athletes. Material and methods In this study, 15 gymnasts, 10 Taekwondo athletes, 5 football players, and 10 karate athletes (20 males and 20 females) volunteered for this experiment and were evaluated in a common movement pattern, the forward split. In the experimental condition, participants performed the forward split on a mattress using infrared sensor technology (IST test), and, afterward, they performed the forward split on a mattress without infrared sensor technology (N-IST test). Two trials of this procedure were conducted. Results For concurrent validity, no significant difference in the average distances of the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) from the mattress in Trials I and II was found between the IST and N-IST tests - p = 0.664 and p = 0.710, respectively. Conclusions The findings of this study confirm the concurrent and construct validity of the IST test, which was created to measure the height of the ASIS from the mattress in a forward-split test. Thus, this test can be used by coaches, athletes, and sports scientists to improve and monitor the forward-split tests of athletes in training programs.

4

A Comparison of Muscle Activity in Concentric and Counter Movement Maximum Bench Press

88%

Tillaar R. v. d., Ettema G.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2013

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vol. 38

63-71

EN

The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematics and muscle activation patterns of regular free-weight bench press (counter movement) with pure concentric lifts in the ascending phase of a successful one repetition maximum (1-RM) attempt in the bench press. Our aim was to evaluate if diminishing potentiation could be the cause of the sticking region. Since diminishing potentiation cannot occur in pure concentric lifts, the occurrence of a sticking region in this type of muscle actions would support the hypothesis that the sticking region is due to a poor mechanical position. Eleven male participants (age 21.9 ~ 1.7 yrs, body mass 80.7 ~ 10.9 kg, body height 1.79 ~ 0.07 m) conducted 1-RM lifts in counter movement and in pure concentric bench presses in which kinematics and EMG activity were measured. In both conditions, a sticking region occurred. However, the start of the sticking region was different between the two bench presses. In addition, in four of six muscles, the muscle activity was higher in the counter movement bench press compared to the concentric one. Considering the findings of the muscle activity of six muscles during the maximal lifts it was concluded that the diminishing effect of force potentiation, which occurs in the counter movement bench press, in combination with a delayed muscle activation unlikely explains the existence of the sticking region in a 1-RM bench press. Most likely, the sticking region is the result of a poor mechanical force position.

5

Evaluation of Consecutive Maximum Contractions as a Test of Neuromuscular Function

75%

Suzovic D., Nedeljkovic A., Pazin N., Planic N., Jaric S.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2008

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vol. 20

51-61

EN

The aim of the study was to conduct a preliminary evaluation of consecutive maximum contractions (CMC) as a test of neuromuscular function. Eleven participants performed externally paced isometric CMC (i.e., a series of consecutive maximum force exertions and relaxations) of the quadriceps muscle. The derived variables included the peak forces, and the maximum rates of force development and relaxation. The results revealed high within-day reliability of CMC variables, while their correlations with the jumping performance were consistently higher than those of the variables of the standard strength test (SST). CMC variables also showed fairly stable values across a wide range of frequencies, while their peak force revealed a strong relationship with maximum force of SST despite being about considerably lower. Therefore, we conclude that CMC could be developed into a standard test of neuromuscular function. In addition to capturing the muscle actions based on different neural activation pattern than SST, CMC could also be based on simpler testing procedure, lower force exertion, and self-selected frequencies.

6

Elastografia w obrazowaniu ścięgien i mięśni

63%

Drakonaki E.

Journal of Ultrasonography

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2012

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vol. 12

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issue 49

214-225

EN

Ultrasound elastography is a recently developed ultrasound-based method which allows the qualitative or quantitative evaluation of the mechanical properties of tissue. Strain (compression) ultrasound elastography is the commonest technique performed by applying mild compression with the hand-held transducer to create real-time strain distribution maps, which are color-coded and superimposed on the B-mode images. There is increasing evidence that ultrasound elastography can be used in the investigation of muscle, tendon and soft tissue disease in the clinical practice, as a supplementary tool to conventional ultrasound examination. Based on preliminary data, potential clinical applications include early diagnosis, staging, and guiding interventions musculotendinous and neuromuscular disease as well as monitoring disease during rehabilitation. Ultrasound elastography could also be used for research into the biomechanics and pathophysiology of musculotendinous disease. Despite the great interest in the technique, there is still limited evidence in the literature and there are several technical issues which limit the reproducibility of the method, including differences in quantification methods, artefacts, limitations and variation in the application of the technique by different users. This review presents the published evidence on musculoskeletal applications of strain elastography, discusses the technical issues and future perspectives of this method and emphasizes the need for standardization and further research.

PL

Elastografia ultrasonograficzna jest nową techniką obrazowania ultrasonograficznego, umożliwiającą ocenę jakościową i ilościową właściwości elastycznych tkanek. Najpopularniejszą techniką elastografii jest metoda uciskowa/statyczna (free hand strain – tzw. obrazowanie z wolnej ręki), polegająca na ręcznym uciskaniu tkanek głowicą ultrasonograficzną w celu uzyskania, w czasie rzeczywistym, map rozkładu elastyczności tkanek, które są kodowane kolorem i nałożone na obrazy w sekwencji B‑mode. Istnieje coraz więcej dowodów na przydatność elastografii ultrasonograficznej w praktyce klinicznej jako badania uzupełniającego klasyczne badanie ultrasonograficzne w rozpoznawaniu patologii tkanek miękkich, w tym mięśni i ścięgien. Na podstawie wstępnych danych do potencjalnych klinicznych zastosowań elastografii należą: wczesna diagnostyka i ocena zaawansowania zmian chorobowych, monitorowanie zabiegów pod kontrolą ultrasonografii w chorobach struktur mięśniowo‑ścięgnistych i nerwowo‑mięśniowych, a także monitorowanie procesu rehabilitacji.Elastografia może również służyć poznaniu procesów biomechanicznych i patofizjologicznych chorób mięśniowo‑ścięgnistych. Pomimo wielkiego zainteresowania liczba doniesień na temat elastografii jest znikoma. Przyczyną może być szereg problemówtechnicznych ograniczających jej powtarzalność, wynikających z obecności artefaktów i braku standaryzacji. W artykule przedstawiono przegląd dotychczasowej wiedzy nt. potencjalnych możliwości statycznej metody elastografii w ocenie układu mięśniowo‑szkieletowego, omówiono kwestie techniczne, perspektywy rozwoju tej metody, jak również podkreślono potrzebę standaryzacji oraz dalszych badań.

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