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THE DIFFERENCES IN RESULTS OF PRELIMINARY SELECTION IN TEAM SPORTS AS THE PREMISE TO DEFINE A PROFILE OF A “YOUNG FOOTBALL PLAYER”

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Štihec J., Sroka R.

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issue 4

19-28

EN

The aim of the work was to define the differences between boys selected for football training and their peers at the beginning stage of different team sports training, as well as those that do not practice any sports discipline. The research material consisted of 97 schoolboys at the age of 10 selected to practice team sports, including football, and 39 non-training boys. All boys attended Szczecin primary schools. Apart from the basic anthropometric characteristics, the following motor skills were analyzed: kinesthetic differentiation, reaction speed, movement frequency, spatial orientation, static balance, maximal lactic anaerobic power, maximal non-lactic anaerobic power, fast muscle activation, aerobic endurance and absolute muscle strength. Not all test results are expressed in SI units. Data obtained through the applied method served as the grounds for defining a profile of a “young football player” as the premise to improve the process of preliminary selection for football. Candidates selected for soccer training presented higher level of kinesthetic differentiation than all other examined boys. They also presented higher level of movement frequency than volleyball players and higher level of space orientation than the not-trained boys. Soccer players nevertheless presented lover level of time of reaction than the candidates selected for basketball training. Results of all condition abilities tests’ obtained by soccer players were statistically significant better than the one obtained by the untrained boys (p0.001) and the candidates for volleyball training (p0.05, p0.001). The greatest differences were noticed in tests of aerobic endurance and maximal non-lactic and lactic anaerobic power.

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The Effect of Different Types of Warm-Up Protocols on the Range of Motion and on Motor Abilities of Rhythmic Gymnastics Athletes and Ballet Dancers

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Zaggelidou E., Malkogeorgos A., Zaggelidis G., Galazoulas C.

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vol. 42

31-44

EN

The aim of this study was to examine the short-term effects of different types of warming up on the range of motion and on motor abilities of rhythmic gymnasts and ballet athletes. Twenty-five athletes participated in this study (11 ballet dancers and 14 rhythmic gymnasts), aged 14,72±1,43. All participants followed an intervention consisting of two warm-up protocols, one with static stretching exercises and the other with dynamic warm up protocol. The two protocols were implemented on two different days for one week. Range of motion (ROM) and hop test measurements were carried out before and after each warm-up session. For the statistical analysis, non-parametric (Wilcoxon) tests and Friedman test were used, and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05. The results showed that both warm-ups had positive effects on ROM and on motor abilities. After applying both protocols, significant differences were observed in all joints. In conclusion, both types of warm-up routines resulted in almost the same level of improvement in ROM and motor abilities; however, it was observed that after the dynamic warm up there was a slightly increased improvement in motor abilities, but it was not statistically significant.

3

The Significance of Environmental Factors for Physical Development of Adolescents

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Półtorak W.

Human Movement

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2009

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vol. 10

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issue 1

35-45

EN

Purpose. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of environmental factors on the physical development of girls and boys at puberty. Basic procedure. The sample of adolescents of both sexes was studied using comprehensive measuring data and information from surveys. To examine correlations between quantitative and qualitative data the factor analysis was used (onedimensional test F for every variable). Main findings. The biological indices of social stratification of adolescents under study were the results of medicine ball throw test and maximal anaerobic power (MAP). The MAP was calculated using results of the standing broad jump test. The highest level of physical development was noted among the group of students with the best environmental conditions. The majority of subjects with a high level of physical development came from families with a single child and with monthly net income per person from 301 to 500 PLN and more. Their parents had at least a secondary education and were either white-collar or blue-collar workers. Conclusions. To enhance physical fitness of young people the pre-pubescence period should be used better. During the pubescence period children should have every opportunity to take part in various extra curricular classes during the school year. In addition, appropriate conditions for active leisure pursuits (during summer or winter holidays) should be created for children to develop their physical recreation interests.

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Influence of Industrial Environments on the Development of Respiratory Systems and Morphofunctional Features in Preadolescent Boys

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Dziubek W., Ignasiak Z., Rozek K.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

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vol. 30

161-171

EN

The present study examines the differences between levels of selected structural and functional features of boys 11-13 years in age from regions with varying levels of air pollution, including an industrial and rural region. The sample consisted of 213 boys from the industrial region and 98 from the rural region. Somatic, respiratory parameters and motor abilities were evaluated in both groups. The analysis of respiratory parameters revealed significantly better development of respiratory systems in boys from the rural region. Additionally, motor abilities were also better developed in boys from the rural region.

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Physical Fitness Level of 1stYear Medicine and Physiotherapy Students of Lublin Medical University

100%

Kotwica A., Majcher P.

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism

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2012

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vol. 19

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issue 2

107-112

EN

Introduction. The development of civilization is leading to lifestyle changes and diminishing physical activity as well as various types of sicknesses caused by a lack of movement. In order to reduce these negative effects we should maintain a proper level of physical activity, which is often regarded as a contributing factor to positive health levels. Material and st methods. The aim of this report is the assessment of physical fitness levels of 1st year male and female students of medicine and physiotherapy faculties at Lublin Medical University. The test was conducted on a group of 103 female and 52 male students of medicine as well as 50 female and 11 male students of physiotherapy. The survey was based on the Pilcz motor skills test and Denisiuk endurance test. Results and conclusions. The analysis of results showed differences in physical fitness between sexes while there were hardly any differences between the students of the two faculties. The overall level of physical fitness has been specified as the lower limit of the average level.

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Time Series Approach To Athletes Motor Potential

88%

Maszczyk A., Roczniok R., Pietraszewski P., Stanula A., Zając A., Gołaś A.

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism

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2012

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vol. 19

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issue 2

103-106

EN

Introduction. The aim of this study was to determine the dynamics of changes in selected motor abilities of javelin throwers and to determine predictors of javelin throw distances. Material and methods. Research material included the results obtained from a group of 60 competitors from the Silesia Region of Poland, aged 14 - 15 years. In order to answer the research question, the following statistical analysis were employed: Pearson's linear correlation coefficients, vectors R0 and R1, time series analysis, distributed lag analysis and Almon distributed lag analysis and coefficient of concordance φ2Results. The correlation analyzes allowed for a selection of two variables for further analyses: specific strength of arms and trunk (SSAT) and specific strength of shoulders girdle and trunk (SSGT). Calculated indexes revealed that the level of SSAT showed a constant upward tendency (+15%). The highest rise in SSAT level was recorded in the 4th and 5th quarter (+9%). The level of SSGT showed an upward tendency nearly (+6%). In this case, the highest rise was observed in the 7th and 8th quarter (+4.5%). Conclusions. The standardized regression analysis revealed that the variable of specific power of arms and trunk (SOBT) is the most important predictor for javelin throw distance with a full approach run.

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Comparative Characteristics and Assessment of the Relations of Anthropometric Indicators and Motor Abilities of Girls’ Basketball Players 12-14 Years Old

88%

Chukhlantseva N., Cherednichenko I., Bruhno E.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2021

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vol. 33

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issue 1

61-71

EN

Anthropometric indicators and motor abilities are significant components of the successful implementation of the physical potential of young basketball players. The aim of the study was to describe and compare anthropometric characteristics, indicators of physical and special preparedness for basketball players under the age of 12 and up to 14 years, to identify the presence and degree of relationship between these indicators in each group of athletes. Athletes (n = 50) were grouped in groups under 12 years (U12, 10.97 ±0.48 years; n = 24), and under 14 (U14; 12.96 ±0.49 years; n = 26), body height and body weight were measured, dexterity and indicators of special preparedness were tested and compared (“Throws into the basket from different positions”, “Free Throws”, “Ten eights”). U12 players showed lower performance than the U14 group in all tests except the “Free Throws” test. All athletes showed astrong correlation between jumping and dexterity (p < 0.01). The U14 athletes showed astrong (p < 0.01) and moderate (p < 0.05) relationship between the indicators of special preparedness. Assessment of indicators of physical development, physical and special preparedness of athletes, the study of the relationship of these indicators at different periods of ontogenesis will help rationally differentiate training loads, emphasize pedagogical influences and optimize the training process.

8

Anthropometric and Physical Performance Profiles of Elite Karate Kumite and Kata Competitors

75%

Koropanovski N., Berjan B., Bozic P., Pazin N., Sanader A., Jovanovic S., Jaric S.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

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vol. 30

107-114

EN

Karate tournaments consist of two equally important karate disciplines: the kumite and kata competitions. Due to being based both on the distinctive selection of movement techniques and their kinematic and kinetic patterns, we hypothesized that the elite kumite and kata competitors could differ regarding their anthropometric and physical performance profiles. Thirty-one senior male karate competitors of the national karate team (kumite n = 19; kata n = 12) participated in this study. The tests applied included both the assessment of anthropometric (body height, mass and body mass index) and the following physical performance measurements: the adductor and hamstring flexibility (sideward leg splits test), speed and acceleration (20-m sprint test with 10-m acceleration time), explosive power (countermovement and standing triple jump), agility ("T"- test) and aerobic endurance (20-m multistage shuttle run test). The kumite competitors revealed a larger body size through body height (p = 0.01) and mass (p = 0.03), while the differences in body composition were non-significant. The kumite competitors also demonstrated higher acceleration (p = 0.03) and explosive power (standing triple jump; p = 0.03). A 6-7° higher flexibility of the kata competitors remained somewhat below the level of significance (p = 0.09). The findings could be interpreted by the distinctive differences in the movement techniques. Specifically, a higher explosive power could be beneficial for kumite, while both a smaller stature and higher flexibility (particularly of the lower extremity) could be important for the exceptionally low postures of the kata competitors. Although further elucidation is apparently needed, the obtained finding could be of importance for both the early selection and training of karate competitors.

9

Comparison of the General Fitness Level in Junior Kayakers with Different Sports Level Running title: Comparison of the fitness level in kayakers

75%

Rynkiewicz M., Żurek P., Biernacki J., Pokrywka K., Rynkiewicz T.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2019

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vol. 26

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issue 2

57-65

EN

The objectives of this study were to see if the general performance of kayakers depends on the level of their specific preparation and to identify the parameters of general preparedness that determine specific preparation. The subjects were divided into 3 groups on the basis of the result of a specific test: paddling over a 2000-m distance. Group 2 included kayakers whose paddling time did not exceed ±1 SD for the whole sample, while group 1 included the best athletes with paddling times shorter than –1 SD and group 3 individuals who needed more than +1 SD to cover the 2000-m distance. The study included 55 junior flatwater kayakers, represented various sports classes. All athletes manifested a similar level of endurance running, power and endurance pull and push barbell, 30 m running tests. The only differing characteristic between all groups was the level of asymmetry in distance of ball throw from sitting position of at 29%, 45% and 66% in each group and paddling for 2000 m time. All athletes manifested a similar level of general fitness preparation. The only differing characteristic between all groups was the level of asymmetry in distance of ball throw from a sitting position.

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THE DIFFERENCES IN RESULTS OF PRELIMINARY SELECTION IN TEAM SPORTS AS THE PREMISE TO DEFINE A PROFILE OF A “YOUNG FOOTBALL PLAYER”

The Effect of Different Types of Warm-Up Protocols on the Range of Motion and on Motor Abilities of Rhythmic Gymnastics Athletes and Ballet Dancers

The Significance of Environmental Factors for Physical Development of Adolescents

Influence of Industrial Environments on the Development of Respiratory Systems and Morphofunctional Features in Preadolescent Boys

Physical Fitness Level of 1stYear Medicine and Physiotherapy Students of Lublin Medical University

Time Series Approach To Athletes Motor Potential

Comparative Characteristics and Assessment of the Relations of Anthropometric Indicators and Motor Abilities of Girls’ Basketball Players 12-14 Years Old

Anthropometric and Physical Performance Profiles of Elite Karate Kumite and Kata Competitors

Comparison of the General Fitness Level in Junior Kayakers with Different Sports Level Running title: Comparison of the fitness level in kayakers