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Detailed kinetic models are important to describe the oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels. In the present study, a detailed kinetic models has been developed to simulate the combustion of natural gas in IC engine. The proposed models consists of 208 elementary reactions and 72 species. The rate of the production and sensitivity analysis of the proposed reaction models were carried out to visualize the effect of reactions on the formation of various pollutants. In the rate of production analysis, an absolute rate of production coefficients and the normalized rate of production coefficients were calculated for the reactions involved in the formation of pollutant species (CO, NO, NO2, & NH3). In sensitivity analysis, normalized logarithmic sensitivity coefficients were determined the reactions of rates affects the output concentrations of the pollutant species. These two analysis were carried out for two temperatures ranges i.e. 1500 °C and 4000 °C under stoichiometric conditions (when φ=1.0).
EN
This paper reports the application of poly(azomethinethioamide) (PATA) resin having the pendent chlorobenzylidine ring for the removal of heavy metal ions such as Zn(II) and Ni(II) ions from the aqueous solutions by adsorption technology. Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic models for Zn(II) and Ni(II) ions adsorption were applied by considering the effect of contact time, initial metal ion concentration and temperature data, respectively. The adsorption influencing parameters for the maximum removal of metal ions were optimized. Adsorption kinetic results followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model based on the correlation coefficient (R2) values and closed approach of experimental and calculated equilibrium adsorption capacity values. The removal mechanism of metal ions by PATA was explained with the Boyd kinetic model, Weber and Morris intraparticle diffusion model and Shrinking Core Model (SCM). Adsorption equilibrium results followed the Freundlich model based on the R2 values and error functions. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of PATA for Zn(II) and Ni(II) ions removal were found to be 105.4 mg/g and 97.3 mg/g, respectively. Thermodynamic study showed the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic in nature.
EN
Objective: The objective of the given work consisted in studying associations between the major indices of physical development (PD) and physical fitness, on the one hand, and the level of special work capacity of elite wrestlers of different weight categories, on the other hand. Material: 147 Ukrainian athletes engaged in Greco-Roman, free-style wrestling and judo served as the subjects. The following methods of studies were used: anthropometry, caliperometry, dynamometry, methods of testing speed-strength fitness and special work capacity of wrestlers, statistical processing and computer modelling. Results: It has been demonstrated that skill level determines ratio and associations of morphometric and speed-strength indices, level of athletes’ special work capacity. Enhancement of skill level results in augmentation of speed-strength fitness, increase of body circumferences, decrease of fat component content, gain of muscular component and muscular development index. Along with the increase of weight category the level of speed-strength fitness and special work capacity decreases. Respective mathematical models were developed. Conclusions. It is recommended to use the developed regression models for modelling, predicting and evaluating special work capacity of highly skilled wrestlers of light, middle and heavy weight categories.
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