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Does increased immune response at early postpartum period have a relationship with metabolic markers and subsequent fertility?

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Yazlik M. O., Çolakoğlu H. E., Kaya U., Küplülü Ş., Vural M. R., Yazlik M. O., Çolakoğlu H. E., Kaya U., Küplülü Ş., Vural M. R.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
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2020
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vol. 23
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issue 1
2
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Central and Peripheral Fatigue During Resistance Exercise – A Critical Review

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Zając A., Chalimoniuk M., Gołaś A., Lngfort J., Maszczyk A.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2015
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vol. 49
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issue 1
159-169
EN
Resistance exercise is a popular form of conditioning for numerous sport disciplines, and recently different modes of strength training are being evaluated for health benefits. Resistance exercise differs significantly in nature, and several variables determine the direction and range of adaptive changes that occur in the muscular and skeletal system of the body. Some modes of resistance training can also be effective in stimulating the cardiovascular system. These variables include exercise selection (general, specific, single or multi joint, dynamic, explosive), type of resistance (free weights, variable resistance, isokinetics), order of exercise (upper and lower body or push and pull exercises), and most of all the training load which includes intensity expressed as % of 1RM, number of repetitions, number of sets and the rest interval between sets. Manipulating these variables allows for specific adaptive changes which may include gains in muscle mass, muscle strength or muscle endurance. It has been well established that during resistance exercise fatigue occurs, regardless of the volume and intensity of work applied. The peripheral mechanisms of fatigue have been studied and explained in more detail than those related to the CNS. This review is an attempt to bring together the latest knowledge regarding fatigue, both peripheral and central, during resistance exercise. The authors of this review concentrated on physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying fatigue in exercises performed with maximal intensity, as well as those performed to exhaustion with numerous repetitions and submaximal load.
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Użyteczność wybranych wskaźników krwi i ocena odczuwanego zmęczenia po wyczerpującym wysiłku fizycznym dla oszacowania całkowitego kosztu biologicznego meczu piłki nożnej

58%
Obmiński Z.
Polish Journal of Sports Medicine
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2020
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vol. 36(3)
123-129
EN
Background. The aim of the study was to examine changes in biochemical blood status during recovery after soccer match in the order to estimation of physiological cost of the effort. Material and methods. The study comprised 17 players engaged in a friendly soccer match against the foreign team. The coach wanted to examine the level of technical skills, endurance, and cooperative abilities each of the selected player, and blood biochemical responses to the match based on cortisol (C), testosterone (T), T/C ratio, creatine kinase (CK), glucose (Glu) and urea (U) assessments in capillary blood sampled at three time points: a day -32h prior the match, and subsequently at +12h and +32h after its. Results. The biochemical status was not depended on the plying position of the players. Mean post match (+12h) CK -519 U/L) and U -6.6 mmol/L were somewhat higher compared to those at baseline:359 U/L and 5.9 mmol/L, and showed tends to their normalization at +32h. Mean Glu significantly dropped after the match (from 5.6 to 5.1 mmol/L) and did not fully return to the baseline value after 32h recovery. Mean C and T at +32h were practically unchanged, but T/C ratio was higher from pre and post match values. Conclusions. Lowered post match Glu and its lack of full normalization over 32h recovery and it is main symptom of the physiological cost of the effort. During competitive season soccer played have to apply more carbohydrate-enriched diet.
PL
Wstęp. Celem pracy było zbadanie zmian w biochemicznym statusie krwi podczas odnowy po meczu piłki nożnej w celu oszacowania kosztów fizjologicznych tego wysiłku. Materiał i metody. Badaniem objęto 17 zawodników grających towarzyski mecz piłki nożnej przeciwko drużynie zagranicznej. Trener chciał zbadać poziom umiejętności technicznych, wytrzymałość, umiejętności współpracy każdego z wybranych graczy, oraz reakcje biochemicznych wskaźników, kortyzolu (C), testosteronu (T), stosunek T/C, kinazy kreatynowej (CK), glukozy (Glu) i mocznika (U)we krwi kapilarnej pobieranej w trzech punktach czasowych: -32h przed meczem, a następnie w +12h i +32h po jego zakończeniu. Wyniki. Status biochemiczny nie zależał od pozycji zawodników na boisku. Średnia wartość po meczu (+12h) CK -519 U/L) i U -6,6 mmol/l były nieco wyższe w porównaniu z wartościami wyjściowymi:359 U/L i 5,9 mmol/l, i wykazały tendencję do normalizacji w terminie +32h. Średnia Glu znacznie spadła po meczu (z 5,6 do 5,1 mmol / l) i nie w pełni powrócić do wartości wyjściowej po w 32 godzinie wypoczynku odzysku. Średnie C i T w 32h po meczu były praktycznie niezmienione, ale stosunek T/C był wyższy od wartości przed i po meczu. Wnioski. Obniżony po meczu poziom Glu i jego brak pełnej normalizacji po 32h wypoczynku jest głównym objawem fizjologicznych kosztów wysiłku. Podczas sezonu startowego w piłce nożnej zawodnicy powinni stosować wysoko - węglowodanową dietę.
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