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Separation of HCl from the mixture of KCl and HCl using membrane distillation

100%
Tomaszewska M., Mientka A.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
|
2008
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vol. 10
|
issue 2
27-32
EN
Membrane distillation (MD) was applied for the concentration of solutions containing hydrochloric acid and potassium chloride. The studies of the concentration and separation of HCl through the hydrophobic membrane were performed. In the investigations plate and frame or capillary modules, equipped with membranes from polytetrafluoroethylene and polypropylene were applied, respectively. The feed temperature amounted to 333 K or 343 K and permeate 293 K at the inlet of the module. Under the MD operation conditions the transfer of water vapour and hydrogen chloride from potassium chloride and hydrochloric acid solutions through the hydrophobic membranes took place, whereas the potassium chloride as a nonvolatile component underwent concentration in the feed. The influence of acid concentration and salt presence in the feed on the HCl molar flux through the membrane was systematically studied. The increase of the temperature and salt concentration in the feed caused higher partial pressure volatile of HCl and the resultant HCl Flux through a membrane was higher.During MD for the initial concentration in the feed equal 50 g KCl/dm3 and 40g HCl/dm3, at the feed temperature 343K, the permeate flux decreased from 353 dm3/m2d to 289 dm3/m2d, whereas the HCl flux increased to 6 mol/m2d for the capillary module. At higher KCl concentration in the feed, amounting to 100g KCl/dm3 and under the same operation conditions, the permeate flux decreased to 285 dm3/m2d, but the molar flux HCl increased to 18 mol/m2d. The results were compared with the data obtained for the plate and frame module.
2
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The investigation of ethanol separation by the membrane distillation process

80%
Tomaszewska M., Białończyk L.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
|
2011
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vol. 13
|
issue 3
66-69
EN
Separation of ethanol from solutions with different concentrations in a BIOTRON bioreactor integrated with the direct contact membrane distillation system has been investigated. The experiments were carried out using immersed, capillary polypropylene membranes. The permeability of the membrane at the feed inlet temperatures of 308, 318 and 333K was determined. The permeate and ethanol flux was strongly affected by the vapour pressure which increased with the feed temperature and it was also associated with ethanol concentration in the feed. It was found that the membrane distillation can be successfully applied for the separation of volatile components such as ethanol.
3
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Separation of volatile compounds from fermentation broth by membrane distillation

80%
Gryta M., Barancewicz M.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
|
2011
|
vol. 13
|
issue 3
56-60
EN
The diluted ethanol solutions and fermentation broth (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were separated by membrane distillation (MD). Hydrophobic macroporous (pore size 0.2 μm) capillary polypropylene membranes, Accurel PP V8/2 HF and Accurel PP S6/2, were used for these studies. The MD process can be successfully applied to remove the volatile components from the fermentation broth. Besides ethanol, propionic and acetic acids were moved from the broth to the distillate. Therefore, the course of the fermentation carried out in a membrane distillation bioreactor considerably accelerate its rate and increase the efficiency by a selective removal of fermentation products. It was found that the broth subjected to the separation did not affect the hydrophobic properties of the polypropylene membrane assembled in the MD modules.
4
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Scaling diminution by heterogeneous crystallization in a filtration element integrated with membrane distillation module

80%
Gryta M.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
|
2009
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vol. 11
|
issue 2
60-65
EN
Water desalination by membrane distillation is restricted by calcium carbonate precipitation on the membrane surface, what resulted in a progressive decline of the permeate flux. The module rinsing by HCl solution removed this deposit, however, such operation could cause the membrane wettability, associated with lowering of the permeate flux. This phenomenon was inhibited when the membrane modules with prefiltration element, assembled directly at the inlet to module, were used. The salt deposits were formed mainly on the surface of the filtration element (nets area constituted over 10% of the membranes area), what protected the membranes assembled inside the module. The filter efficiency decreased when the deposit layer covered the entire surface of pre-filter element, and after a few hours (period of 10-20 h) the formation of crystallite on the membrane surface was also observed. Therefore, the formed deposit was systematically removed (at every 5 h) from this pre-filter by 3 wt.% HCl solutions. The periodical rinsing of nets by acid did not have a negative influence on the membrane
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