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EN
Background: Patients with cancer are at risk of malnutrition. The aim of this study is to assess the nutritional status of patients with cancer who are qualified for home enteral nutrition. Secondary aim is to compare the nutritional status of patients with gastric cancer and with esophageal cancer. Material and methods: Retrospective analysis of medical documentation of 84 participants with cancer who were qualified for home enteral nutrition in Nutritional Counselling Center Copernicus in Gdansk in 2009-2015 was performed. Assessment of nutritional status included body mass index, the level of total protein and albumin in blood serum, total lymphocyte count, and Nutritional Risk Score 2002 method. Results: Patients with gastric cancer most often presented albumin deficiency in comparison with patients with esophageal cancer (p=0.02). The low level of total lymphocyte count in 1mm3 of peripheral blood was observed in 47.6% participants. All the patients qualified for home enteral nutrition received at least 3 points in NRS 2002 method and most often 5 points (40.4%). Conclusions: All patients required nutritional treatment. Notwithstanding, the nutritional status of patients varied. Hypoalbuminemia was observed more often in patients with gastric cancer in comparison with patients with esophageal cancer.
EN
Malnutrition is a common clinical problem in dialysis patients. So far the management of malnutrition in this population has not been fully successful. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of use of megestrol acetate suspension in malnourished dialysis patients. Twenty-six hypoalbuminemic (albumin ≤ 3.8 g/dl) dialysis patients took 160 mg of megestrol acetate daily for a period of two months. Anthropometry (dry weight, body mass index) and biochemical measurements of nutrition (serum albumin, triglycerides, total cholesterol) and inflammation (hsCRP, IL-1β, IL-6) were performed on a monthly basis. The treatment led to a statistically significant increase (P < 0.05) in anthropometry and albumin concentration, with no statistically significant changes in total cholesterol, triglycerides and indices of inflammation. Side effects included overhydration, diarrhoea and hyperglycaemia. Thus, megestrol acetate may be an effective therapeutic agent in improving the nutritional status of carefully selected dialysis patients, while it might not mitigate inflammation. Because of the prevalent side effects it must be monitored closely.
EN
Injuries, deformations and tumours of the facial part of skull, oral cavity or neck often hamper or prevent normal food consumption. After surgery of these structures food intake may be decreased due to postoperative wounds, pain, swelling and trismus. The aim of the study was to evaluate nutritional state of patients treated surgically in the craniomaxillo- facial surgery department and determination of factors affecting body weight changes after surgery. Material and methods. The study included 83 patients operated between 2008 and 2010 in the department of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery, due to: maxillo-facial defects (30 individuals), malignant tumours (23 individuals), injuries (19 individuals), benign tumours (11 individuals). The study was prospective. A method of nutrition during the observation period and BMI (Body Mass Index) value on the first day of hospitalization and after 10, 60, 180 days after hospital admission were considered. For statistical analysis of results a general regression analysis was used. Results. Significant reduction of BMI was observed in all patients after 10 and 60 days from the start of hospitalization. A significant increase of this parameter was observed between Day 60 and Day 180 of observation, however the BMI values after 180 days were still significantly lower than the baseline. A dependency between these changes and a cause of hospitalization as well as nutrition during and after the stay at hospital has been shown. Conclusions. There is a distinct relationship between the worsening of nutritional state after craniofacial surgery and nutrition during and after hospitalization, and therefore special attention should be paid to the issue of nutrition during this period
EN
Background Patients with cancer are at risk of malnutrition. The aim of this study is to assess the nutritional status of patients with cancer who are qualified for home enteral nutrition. Secondary aim is to compare the nutritional status of patients with gastric cancer and with esophageal cancer. Material and methods Retrospective analysis of medical documentation of 84 participants with cancer who were qualified for home enteral nutrition in Nutritional Counselling Center Copernicus in Gdansk in 2009-2015 was performed. Assessment of nutritional status included body mass index, the level of total protein and albumin in blood serum, total lymphocyte count, and Nutritional Risk Score 2002 method. Results Patients with gastric cancer most often presented albumin deficiency in comparison with patients with esophageal cancer (p=0.02). The low level of total lymphocyte count in 1mm3 of peripheral blood was observed in 47.6% participants. All the patients qualified for home enteral nutrition received at least 3 points in NRS 2002 method and most often 5 points (40.4%). Conclusions All patients required nutritional treatment. Notwithstanding, the nutritional status of patients varied. Hypoalbuminemia was observed more often in patients with gastric cancer in comparison with patients with esophageal cancer.
EN
The aim of the study was assessment of the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract.Material and methods. The study was conducted between February and April of 2005 in 37 centers. Assessment of nutritional status was made according to a Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and a Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) questionnaire.Results. Nutritional status was evaluated in 2553 patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract (64.9%), respiratory tract (29.8%) and other cancer (5.2%). Hypoalbuminemia was found in 37.3% of patients. In 22% of patients, the body mass index (BMI) was below normal. According to the SGA scale, nutritional status was A in 51.1% of patients, B in 39.3%, and C in 9.7%. Nutritional status in patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract was A in 48.0%, B in 40.8%, and C in 11.2%. Nutritional status in patients with cancer of the respiratory tract was A in 55.4%, B in 37.4%, and C in 7.2%. Malnutrition was not found in 64.2% of patients with large bowel cancer but, in contrast, was found in 70.7% of patients with cancer of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. There were differences depending on kind of hospitalization: planned (A - 53.1%, B - 38.3%, C - 8.6%) or emergency (A - 27.4%, B - 46.3%, C - 26.2%). In 31.7% of cases, divergence between the SGA and PG-SGA scale was noted. Mostly, the divergence consisted in underestimation of malnutrition. According to the PG-SGA scale, nutritional treatment is indicated in 75.5% of patients; according to SGA scale, only in 49.0%.Conclusions. 1. According to SGA scale, malnutrition was diagnosed in 49.0% of patients hospitalized because of cancer, in 52% of patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract and 44.6% with cancer of the respiratory tract. 2. According to the PG-SGA scale, there is a need for nutritional treatment in 75.5% of patients hospitalized because of cancer of the gastrointestinal or respiratory tract. 3. Use of the scored PG-SGA allows for identification of malnourished patients in whom, according to SGA, malnutrition is not diagnosed.
EN
Aim: The aim of the paper was to analyse nutrition disturbances, determine dietary habits and characterise physical activity among school children at the age of 6–13 in the Polish city of Piekary Śląskie. Material and methods: The study involved children aged 6–13 attending primary schools in Piekary Śląskie. There were 508 participants: 252 boys (49.61%) and 256 girls (50.39%). On the basis of the data collected, BMI was established and the level of nutrition was analysed. Additionally, dietary habits and the amount of physical activity were analysed statistically. Results: Obesity and overweight is present in nearly 38% of children. Simultaneously, every fifth child is malnourished. Slightly more than 45% of children have a proper number of meals per day. Approximately 67% of respondents have first and second breakfast every day. Only about 5% of pupils eat five or more portions of fruit or vegetables a day. Merely 53% of children consume milk and milk products regularly. Over 82% of pupils declare that they eat meat a few times a week. Nearly every third child eats sweets or salty snacks every day. About 60% of children prefer outdoor physical activity, and more than 21% systematically practise sport. Conclusions: The children examined – pupils attending primary schools – have improper dietary habits. They consume excess amounts of certain foods (mostly sweets), but too few vegetables and fruit, fish, milk and high-fibre grain products. Moreover, it was observed that physical activity in adolescence is inappropriate.
PL
Cel pracy: Celem pracy była analiza zaburzeń odżywiania, poznanie nawyków żywieniowych oraz scharakteryzowanie aktywności fizycznej dzieci szkolnych w wieku 6–13 lat w mieście Piekary Śląskie. Materiał i metody: Badaniu poddane zostały dzieci w wieku 6–13 lat w mieście Piekary Śląskie. W badaniu wzięło udział 508 osób: 252 chłopców (49,61%) oraz 256 dziewczynek (50,39%). Na podstawie otrzymanych danych obliczono wartości współczynników BMI oraz dokonano analizy stopnia odżywienia. Ponadto przeprowadzono analizy statystyczne dotyczące zwyczajów żywieniowych oraz aktywności fizycznej badanych dzieci. Wyniki: Prawie 38% badanych dzieci dotyczył problem nadwagi lub otyłości. Jednocześnie co piąte dziecko okazało się niedożywione. Niewiele ponad 45% uczniów spożywa prawidłową liczbę posiłków w ciągu doby. Około 67% ankietowanych codziennie je pierwsze i drugie śniadanie. Tylko niespełna 5% respondentów zjada każdego dnia pięć lub więcej porcji warzyw i owoców. Zaledwie 53% dzieci codziennie spożywa mleko lub jego przetwory. Ponad 82% uczniów deklaruje, że kilka razy w tygodniu zjada mięso. Prawie co trzecie dziecko codziennie sięga po słone przekąski lub słodycze. Około 60% dzieci w ramach aktywności fizycznej preferuje „ruch na świeżym powietrzu”, a ponad 21% regularnie uprawia jakiś sport. Wnioski: Badani uczniowie szkół podstawowych mają niewłaściwe nawyki żywieniowe. Spożywają nadmierne ilości niektórych produktów spożywczych (przede wszystkim słodyczy), natomiast zbyt małe ilości warzyw i owoców, ryb oraz mleka i wysoko błonnikowych produktów zbożowych. Poza tym zauważono, że zachowania zdrowotne w zakresie aktywności fizycznej wśród badanych dzieci we wczesnym okresie dorastania są niewłaściwe.
EN
Aim of the study: Analysis of nutrition disorders, learning about eating habits and characterising physical activity among primary school children at the age of 6–13, living in the rural areas of Silesia and Opole Provinces in Poland. Material and methods: The study included the parents of children at the age 6–13 attending selected primary schools and living in rural areas of Silesia (Wielowieś, Boruszowice, Wojska, Potępa, Świerklaniec) and Opole (Kielcza) Provinces. The research group comprised 410 pupils: 217 boys (52.93%) and 193 girls (47.07%). On the basis of obtained data, BMI index was calculated and a nutritional level was assessed. Moreover, the statistical analysis of dietary habits and physical activity of studied children was also performed. Results: Nearly 38% of studied children are overweight or obese. Furthermore, 17% are malnourished. Every second child has a proper number of meals per day. Above 60% of pupils eat first and second breakfast every day. Merely 3.66% of children eat five or more portions of fruit and vegetables daily. Less than 62% of students declare to drink milk or eat dairy products. Over 83% of the respondents declare that their children eat meat several times a week. Over 28% of children have sweets or salty snacks every day. As for physical activity, about 59% of children prefer spending free time outdoors but approximately 22% of pupils practise sport regularly. Conclusion: This study revealed that students attending primary schools in selected rural areas are characterised by improper dietary habits. Their way of eating is not balanced in a right way – it is mainly based on meat and snacks like sweets. Furthermore, children eat few fruit and vegetables, highfibre products and drink little milk. Behaviours connected with physical activity are also inappropriate – children dedicate too little time to physical activity a week.
PL
Celem pracy była analiza zaburzeń odżywiania i poznanie nawyków żywieniowych oraz scharakteryzowanie aktywności fizycznej dzieci szkolnych w wieku 6‒13 lat zamieszkałych na terenach wiejskich województw śląskiego i opolskiego. Materiał i metody: W badaniu wzięli udział rodzice dzieci z wybranych szkół podstawowych na terenach wiejskich województw śląskiego (Wielowieś, Boruszowice, Wojska, Potępa, Świerklaniec) oraz opolskiego (Kielcza). Badanie objęło 410 osób: 217 chłopców (52,93%) oraz 193 dziewczynki (47,07%). Na podstawie otrzymanych danych obliczono wartości współczynników BMI oraz dokonano analizy stopnia odżywienia. Wykonano analizy statystyczne dotyczące zwyczajów żywieniowych oraz aktywności fizycznej badanych dzieci. Wyniki: Prawie 38% badanych dzieci dotyczył problem nadwagi lub otyłości, natomiast aż 17% okazało się niedożywionych. Prawie co drugie z badanych dzieci spożywa prawidłową liczbę posiłków w ciągu doby. Ponad 60% uczniów codziennie je I i II śniadanie. Zaledwie 3,66% z nich zjada każdego dnia pięć lub więcej porcji warzyw i owoców. Tylko około 62% uczniów codziennie spożywa mleko lub jego przetwory. Ponad 83% respondentów deklaruje, że ich dziecko kilka razy w tygodniu je mięso. Ponad 28% dzieci codziennie sięga po słone przekąski lub słodycze. Około 59% w ramach aktywności fizycznej wybiera ruch na świeżym powietrzu, natomiast prawie 22% regularnie uprawia jakiś sport. Wniosek: Badania pozwoliły ustalić, że uczniowie szkół podstawowych mają niewłaściwe nawyki żywieniowe. Ich dieta jest nieodpowiednio zbilansowana, oparta głównie na produktach mięsnych oraz przekąskach – słodyczach. Ponadto dzieci spożywają niewystarczające ilości warzyw i owoców, ryb oraz mleka i wysokobłonnikowych produktów zbożowych. Zachowania zdrowotne w zakresie aktywności fizycznej wśród badanych uczniów również są nieodpowiednie – dzieci poświęcają zbyt mało czasu na aktywność fizyczną.
EN
INTRODUCTION: Aging is a significant problem, arising from the current demographics. The health aspects of aging are described as major geriatric problems, but an important issue is also malnutrition, especially among social welfare home residents. Malnutrition is conditioned by many factors, inter alia by multidiseases. The aim of the study was to analyze the nutritional status of SWH residents depending on comorbidities, age and sex. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analysis included 107 patients (72 women, 35 men) aged 65–99 years, residing permanently in an SWH. To assess their nutritional status, the Mini Nutritional Assessment and biometric indicators were used. Information about chronic diseases was also collected. The results were analyzed in the Statistica 10.0 program. RESULTS: Based on the data, it was found that only 22.4% of the group had a normal nutritional status, while as many as 33.7% suffered from malnutrition, and the results follow the same regardless of gender. The problem depends proportionally on the number of comorbidities and medication (p < 0.0001), whereas there was no association between poorer nutritional status and age of the patients (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This analysis show that malnutrition is result of multidiseases and medicines taken, and will also have a negative impact on the process of treatment of many chronic diseases.
PL
WSTĘP: Starzenie jest naglącym problemem wynikającym z aktualnej demografii. Aspekty zdrowotne starzenia opisywane są jako tzw. wielkie problemy geriatrii, ale ważnym zagadnieniem dotyczącym zwłaszcza pensjonariuszy domów pomocy społecznej (DPS) jest problem niedożywienia. Jest ono uwarunkowane wieloczynnikowo, a jednym z ważnych czynników jego jest wielochorobowość. Celem pracy jest analiza stanu odżywienia pensjonariuszy DPS w zależności od chorób współistniejących, wieku i płci. MATERIAŁ I METODY: Analizą objęto 107 badanych (72 kobiety, 35 mężczyzn) w wieku 65–99 lat, przebywających na stałe pod opieką DPS. Do oceny stanu odżywienia wykorzystano kwestionariusz Mini Nutritional Assesment oraz wskaźniki biometryczne. Zebrano także wywiad dotyczący chorób przewlekłych. Wyniki analizowano w programie Statistica 10.0. WYNIKI: Prawidłowy stan odżywienia charakteryzował tylko 22,4% zbadanej populacji, natomiast aż u 33,7% stwierdzono niedożywienie. Wyniki kształtują się podobnie, niezależnie od płci. Niedożywienie zależało od liczby chorób współwystępujących i przyjmowanych leków (p < 0,0001), natomiast nie było zależności między gorszym stanem odżywienia a wiekiem badanych chorych (p > 0,05). WNIOSKI: Przeprowadzona analiza wskazuje, że niedożywienie jest skutkiem wielochorobowości i stosowanych leków oraz może mieć negatywny wpływ na proces leczenia schorzeń przewlekłych.
EN
INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to assess the occurrence of malnutrition in patients who were hospitalized as a matter of urgency in the internal medicine ward, while taking into account the diseases that cause hospitalization. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out on a sample of 320 elderly persons consecutively admitted to the department of internal medicine from September 2019 to January 2020. The nutritional status was measured by: a Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) questionnaire followed by anthropometric measurement (body mass and height) as well as the body mass index (BMI) and body composition analysis using the electric bioimpedance (BI) method. RESULTS: The studies showed malnutrition in 42.6% of men and in 44.7% of women, and severely malnutrition in 24% of men and 24.1% of women. Malnutrition was most often found in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and urinary tract infections, and severe malnutrition in patients with cardiovascular diseases. CONCLUSIONS: High rates of malnutrition and severe malnutrition occur in elderly patients urgently hospitalized due to internal diseases. SGA and BI are useful tools for controlling the nutritional status in this group of patients.
PL
WSTĘP: Celem pracy była ocena niedożywienia u pacjentów hospitalizowanych w trybie pilnym na oddziale internistycznym z uwzględnieniem chorób będących przyczyną hospitalizacji. MATERIAŁ I METODY: Przekrojowe badanie obserwacyjne przeprowadzono na próbie 320 osób w wieku podeszłym przyjmowanych kolejno na oddział chorób wewnętrznych od września 2019 r. do stycznia 2020 r. Stan odżywienia sprawdzano za pomocą: kwestionariusza Subiektywnej Globalnej Oceny (SGA), pomiaru antropometrycznego (masa ciała i wzrost), wskaźnika masy ciała (BMI) oraz analizy składu ciała za pomocą bioimpedancji elektrycznej (BI). WYNIKI: Badania wykazały niedożywienie u 42,6% mężczyzn i 44,7% kobiet oraz poważne niedożywienie u 24% mężczyzn i 24,1% kobiet. Niedożywienie stwierdzano najczęściej u osób z przewlekłą obturacyjną chorobą płuc (POChP) i z zakażeniami układu moczowego, a poważne niedożywienie u osób z chorobami układu krążenia. WNIOSKI: U pacjentów w wieku podeszłym hospitalizowanych w trybie pilnym z powodu chorób wewnętrznych wy-stępuje wysoki wskaźnik niedożywienia i poważnego niedożywienia. SGA i BI są przydatnymi narzędziami do kontroli stanu odżywienia w tej grupie chorych.
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